Vietnam Standard

TCVN 6008 - 1995

Pressure equipment
Welds
Technical requirements and control method
Preamble

The Standard TCVN 6008-1995 replaces for Chapter V- Examination on weld

of QPVN 23-81, Part V- Examination on weld and Part VI-Hydraulic testing of
QPVN2 – 75.
The Standard TCVN 6008-1995 is compiled by Division of Technical
Standard TCVN/TC 11 Pressure Equipment, suggested by General
Department of Standard – Measurement – Quality and issued by Department
of Science, Technology and Environment
 Vietnam Standard

Pressure equipment
Welds
Technical requirements and control method

This standard stipulate technical requirements about welding, heat treatment, control
method on welds of pressure equipment

This standard is not applied to brazing and soldering.

1. General requirements

1.1 Allowed to use all kinds of welding methods such as: oxy-acetylene welding, electric
arc welding, electro slag welding, gas metal arc welding, etc to weld pressured parts
of equipment.
Welding process, method of examination shall be stipulated in the technical
documents of designing organization.

1.2 Only welders with certified qualification for hydraulic equipment welding are allowed
to weld the pressured parts of pressure equipment.

1.3 Each welder is allowed to only perform the works stated in the qualification records.

1.4 Weld the parts of pressure equipment only after checking and ensure that fabrication
and assembling meet the technical requirements.

1.5 Tack welding rod and welding rod shall be made of the same material.

2. Technical requirements

2.1 Before welding, the edge of welds and the surrounding metal parts shall be cleaned
until seeing shining light. The minimum cleaned width is 10mm from each side.

2.2 The slag of previous pass shall be removed before welding the next pass.

2.3If the surrounding temperature is lower than 0oC, any pressured parts shall not be
welded for fabrication no matter what kind of steel it is made of and with any depth.
2.4 When butt welding carbon steel pipes of different diameter, allow to expand the
small pipes but not exceeding 3% of internal diameter if the small pipe diameter is up
to 83mm and its thickness is up to 6mm

2.5 Allow automatic and manual welding on the same weld.

Automatic weld, which is added by shield arc metal welding not exceeding 15% of
horizontal weld joint, is still regarded as an automatic weld.

2.6 Welding technology shall ensure that stress in the welds do not exceed the permitted
value.

2.7 Coefficient of resistance of electric arc welding, oxyacetylene welding is stipulated by

designing organization but shall not be greater than the value stated in the table 1

Table 1

Welding technology and method Coefficient of resistance of weld

1. Manual welding
- Single butt weld without backing 0.70
- Single butt weld with backing 0.90
- Double butt weld 0.95
2. Automatic welding
- Single butt weld without backing 0.80
- Double butt weld 1.00

2.8 Weld shall be:

a. On external examining and measuring, without:

-Crack on the weld surface and fusion metal parts;

-Knob, notch, burnt hole, incomplete fusion and other defects;

-Curve, misalignment;

-Different in size and shape of the weld as well as reinforcement

b. On metalographic testing:

-Without crack in the melted metal as well as areas of basic metal which is thermally
affected;

-Without incomplete fusion between passes and edge;

-Without incomplete penetration in the weld root exceeding 15% of the wall thickness or
over 3mm if the wall thickness is over 20mm for the products to be single welded;
-Without gas pore and slug inclusion exceeding 5stains/cm2, the size of each defect do
not exceed 1.5mm and not over 3mm in total;

-Without fracture in the composition which reduce resiliency and flexibility of metal.

c. On hydraulic testing

-No fracture on the weld;

-No water leakage;

-No visible deformation

2.9 The result of the tensile test, calculated by average sum of the test samples, should
not be lower than minimum durability of equivalent calculation, in which no sample
is lower than 10% of the minimum durability.

2.10 The result of the bend test shall not be lower than numeric value stated in the table
2.
For those parts are made of other materials excluding from the table 2, value of the
bend angle shall be stipulated by the designing organization

Table 2
Permitted Bending angle (radius)
Electrical welding, resistance Oxy-acetylene
welding, electro slag welding if welding if the wall
Kinds of steel
the thickness of welded parts thickness not
(mm) exceeding 12mm
Up to 20 Over 20
Carbon steel 100 100 70
Alloy steel with low mangan and
80 60 50
silic-mangan
Alloy steel with low chrome-
molybdenum and chrome- 50 40 30
molybdenum -vanadium
Alloy steel with high chrome 50 40 30
Alloy steel with high chrome-
100 100 30
molybdenum

2.11 The resistance numeric value against strike of the weld metal shall not be lower
than the stipulated numeric value in the table 3
 Table 3
The smallest Resistance value against strike of the weld
Environment temperature
For all kinds of steel except For austenite steel
on test, oC
austenite steel
20 49.05 68.67
Lower than 0 19.62 29.43

2.12 Heat treatment for weld

a. The bellow case shall pass heat treatment after welding

-Welding alloy steel with thickness from 10mm upwards

-Welding carbon steel with 0.27% of carbon in volume with 35mm upwards in thickness

-When welding carbon steel with over 0.27% carbon regardless of thickness, the
designer shall stipulate.

b. Regulation of heat treatment and method of heat treatment are stipulated by the
designer

c. Heat treatment is allowed for each weld separately or with pressured parts, but heat
treatment shall be done before checking the weld quality.

3. Checking the quality of weld

3.1 General requirements

3.1.1 Manufacturer, assembler, repairer shall check the quality of weld done by them
for the pressured parts.

3.1.2 The quality of weld shall be checked by one, some or all of the following methods,
depending on type of welds and working specifications of equipment

-External examination, applied to all kinds of welds.

-Detect defects by ultrasonic testing or radiographic testing.

-Destructive testing, metalographic testing.

-Hydraulic testing, applied to all kinds of welds.

3.1.3 Beside methods specified in article 3.1.2, welds must be examined by other
methods if regulated by manufacturing technical requirements.
3.2 Surface test
3.2.1 Surface test and measurement shall be made on two sides of weld’s length.
When it is impossible to examined inside surface, only outside surface is enough.
3.2.2 Weld’s surface and metal closed two sides of weld must be cleaned before
examining. It required to be cleaned with 20mm in width.
3.3 Destructive test
3.3.1 Destructive test shall be done to check weld’s durability and endurance.
Destructive test must includes:
Tensile test,
Bend test (for pile, press test can be taken instead of bend test)
Impact test,
3.3.2 Beside three kinds of test mentioned in article 3.3.1, depending on requirements
on manufacturing, technique and operating, other destructive tests may be added
such as hardness test, charpy notch test
3.3.3 Tensile test must be taken according to Vietnamese Standard TCVN 5403-1991.
It is not compulsory to taken tensile test for horizontal weld, which was 100%,
examined by ultrasonic test.
3.3.4 Bend test (press test) must be taken according to requirement of Vietnamese
standard TCVN 5401-1991.
Pressure bend test can replace for pipe with diameter lower than 100mm and the
edge’s thickness lower than 12mm.
3.3.5 Impact test must be taken according to Vietnamese Standard TCVN 5402-1991.
3.3.6 Test piece’s dimension for destructive test is in accordance with Vietnamese
Standard TCVN 5400-1991.
3.3.7 Quantity of welds for test in comparison with same kind welds of one welder is:
1% for carbon steel or low alloy steel.
2% for austenite alloy steel but not less than one weld joint for each welder.
3.3.8 Dimension of patch, pipe for test must be enough for cutting required test pieces.
3.3.9 From weld or test piece should be taken:
02 tensile test pieces
02 bend test pieces (or press test)
03 impact test pieces
3.3.10 Weld product and weld in plate (pipe) for test must be done by one welder in the
same conditions.
3.3.11 Weld test piece (product) will not be accepted if with any kind of test, one result
showing figure on bend angle and durability is above 10% lower than regulated
figure
3.3.12 When result of any kind of test does not meet the requirement, the second test
should be done at that kind of test with doubled number of test samples from one
plate (or pipe) examined by the old welder.
3.3.13 Welding Sample (product) shall be removed if result of one of the second sample
is not satisfactory.

3.4 Ultrasonic testing and radiographic testing (gamma, X-ray)

3.4.1 Welds shall be examined by Ultrasonic testing and radiographic testing to detect
the inside defects which cannot be visually recognized.

3.4.2 Ultrasonic examination shall be carried out according to requirements in Standard

Vietnam Standard 1548-1987 Non destructive weld examination – Ultrasonic
method.

3.4.3 Radiographic examination shall be performed in accordance with Vietnam

Standard 4395-1986. Non destructive weld examination – Examination of metal
welds by X-ray and gamma ray

3.4.4 The quantity of welds examined by ultrasonic or radiographic shall not be smaller
than quantity stated in table 4

The length ratio need to be checked

Usage and working specifications of
equipment
-Maintenance, transport of explosive and 100
high exotic substances
against total length, or quantity of welds of
pipes need to be checked against quantity
of weld, %

-Working with pressure higher than 50at at 100

temperature higher than 200oC and
smaller than –70oC
-Working with pressure up to 50at and in 50
the temperature limit between –70oC and
+200oC
-Working with pressure up to 16at and wall 25
temperature from –40oC to +200oC

3.4.5 Allowed to reduce the quantity examined by ultrasonic and radiographic if

permitted by steam boiler inspector.
3.4.6 The result of ultrasonic weld examination is evaluated according to Standard
Vietnam Standard 1548-1987; radiographic examination under Vietnam Standard
4395-1986

3.4.7 Allowed to replace the method of ultrasonic and radiographic defect detect by
other non destructive method if approved by steam boiler inspector

3.5 Metalographic testing

3.5.1 Metalographic testing shall be done in the following cases:

Weld at parts with working temperature higher than 150oC and pressure higher than
40at
Welds at parts with working pressure higher than 50at at any temperature
Nozzles (if ultrasonic testing and radiographic testing are impossible) with working
pressure higher than 40at.
Longitudinal stiffening and stiffening on the pipe.

3.5.2 Specimen quantity:

- Minimum one specimen for carbon steel.
- Minimum two specimens for alloy steel.

3.5.3 The method of taking specimens, size, and shape of test pieces shall be in
accordance with the technical requirements stipulated in the current standards.

3.5.4 When the result of metalographic testing is not satisfactory, there shall be the
second test on 2 specimens from the product weld. The weld is considered as
unsatisfactory if the 2nd testing do not meet requirement.

3.5.5 Those welds which meet requirement on ultrasonic testing or radiographic testing
but the metalographic testing is not satisfactory, 100% of welds shall be
examined by the non-destructive methods already used.

3.6 Hydraulic test

3.6.1 The welds of pressured parts of pressure equipment shall be hydraulic tested by
water or other liquids of equivalent characteristics.

3.6.2 Pressure of hydraulic testing must be in accordance with the value in the table 5.

3.6.3 The duration of maintaining at test pressure is 5 minutes.

Working pressure P,
Equipment Testing pressure, Kg/cm2
Kg/cm2
Container (except cast P up to 5 2P but not smaller than
container), steam boiler 2kg/cm2
Container (except cast P over 5 1.5P but not smaller than
container), steam boiler 10kg/cm2
Heat exchanger (1) (1) According to testing
pressure calculation of
steam boiler
Water Warmer (2) (2) According to testing
pressure calculation of
steam boiler
Connecting pipes, heat Not depending on pressure 2P but not smaller than
receiving pipes when 3kg/cm2
testing each pipe
Cast container ‘’ 1.5P but not smaller than
3kg/cm2

(1) Pressure P is working pressure of steam boiler when go out of the heat exchanger.
(2) Closed water warmer: Pressure P is working pressure of the water warmer.
Unclosed water warmer: Pressure P is working pressure of the steam boiler.