DIEGO, GENEVY DANGPA TC ED 11(MONDAY) 18 NOVEMBER 2019

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD: THE PRIMARY SCHOOLER

-children in this stage of development have already started their elementary grades,
specifically their primary years from grades 1-3.
-(usually defined as ages 7 to 9) is a time when children develop foundational skills for
building healthy social relationships and learn roles that will prepare them for adolescence
and adulthood.
-Friendships become more and more important
-This is a critical time for children to develop confidence in all areas of life, such as
through friends, schoolwork, and sports.
 Children of this age
– are talkative
– are imaginative
– love to explore
– crave adult approval
– can be cooperative yet competitive
 PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
– having a good muscle control and coordination
– developing eye-hand coordination
– having good personal hygiene
– being aware of good safety habits
 Weight - gain averages about 6.5 pounds a year
 Height - 2-3 inches per year
 Bodies look longer and leaner
 Baby teeth are replaced by permanent teeth

 Some issues Affecting Physical Development

 Obesity
 Childhood Nutrition
 Sleep
 MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
 Gross Motor Skills
 Full of energy to run, jump, skip, hop
 Throwing, catching and kicking become smother
 Activities improve balance and coordination
 Fearlessness may result in accidents
 Fine Motor Skills
 Dexterity improves
 Writing skills are a combination of cognitive and physical development
 They can zip zippers and lace shoes
 Unimanual- requiring the use of one hand
 Bi-manual- requiring the use of two hand

 Different Motor Skills

 Coordination- series of movements organized and timed to occur in a particular
way to bring about a particular result.
 Balance- is the child’s ability to maintain the equilibrium or stability of his/her body
in different positions.
 Static Balance -is the ability to maintain equilibrium in a fixed position
 Dynamic Balance- is the ability to maintain equilibrium while moving.
 Speed- is the ability to cover a great distance in the shortest possible time
  Agility- is one’s ability to quickly change or shift the direction of the body.
 Power- is the ability to perform a maximum effort in the shortest possible period.
 COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT (concrete operational stage by Piaget)
– This involves mastering the use of logic in concrete ways.
– The child can use logic to solve problems tied to their own direct experience but has
trouble solving hypothetical problems or considering more abstract problems.
inductive -thinking from specific experience to a general principle.
 a child has one friend who is rude, another friend who is also rude, and the
same is true for a third friend.
deductive-beginning with a general principle leading to specific events.
 child is able to make use of logical principles in solving problems involving the
physical world.
Concept of concrete operational thought

Identity - the understanding that objects have an identity or qualities that do not
change even if the object is altered in some way.
Reversibility - the understanding that some things that have been changed can be
returned to their original state.

 Children are
– eager to learn
– excited about starting school
– curious and excited for independence
 They also
– have limited attention spans
– learn better through experience

 SOCIAL EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT (psychosocial crisis by Erikson)

Industry-child involvement in situations where long patient work is demanded of them
Inferiority-the feeling created when a child get a feeling of failure when they cannot
finish or master their school work.
– Children develop feelings of competence by learning new skills
– Self-confidence grows
– They can feel inferior to other children
 Peer Relationship
– Peers become more important
– Choice of friends may change often
– Form closer one-on-one and group relationships
– Girls usually play with girls, boys usually play with boys
 Family Relationship
– Children want to please their parents
– They respond well to expectations and rules
– Sibling relationships may vary from helpful to arguments
 Self-Concept
– Childhood is a critical time for developing self-concept
 Positive: act in ways that enhance abilities; feel capable and worthwhile
 Negative: adopt self-defeating behaviors
– Sense of competence results in self-confidence

 MORAL DEVELOPMENT
 Children this age can
– tell the difference between right and wrong
– understand and abide by rules
– wait for their turn
– share toys
– express anger and jealousy in competition