THE MAYAN SCHOOL

11TH GRADE PRECALCULUS / II QUARTER

STUDY GUIDE (6%)

STUDENT´S NAME:__________________________________ DATE: January____/2015

A. Graphs of exponential and logarithmic functions.

With each of the following functions determine:
a. Equation of the vertical or horizontal asymptote b. Domain c. Range

d. Interval where the function increases or decreases e. End behavior f. Graph

1 𝑥−1
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1 2. 𝑓(𝑥) = (2) +3 3. 𝑔(𝑥) = 51−𝑥 − 1 4. 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑒 𝑥−1 + 1

5. ℎ(𝑥) = log 2 𝑥 + 1 6. ℎ(𝑥) = log 2 (𝑥 + 1) 7. 𝑓(𝑥) = −log⁡(2 − 𝑥) 8. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3⁡ln⁡(−𝑥)

B. Logarithmic Form
Write each exponential expression in logarithmic form
2
3 −2 4
1. 82 = 64 2. 1000 = 103 3. 273 = 9 4. (2) = 9 5. 𝑢𝑣 = 𝑘
C. Exponential Form
Write each logarithmic expression in exponential form
1 1
1. log10 1000 = 3 2. log 5 25 = 2 3. log 2 (8) = −3 4. log 1 (27) = −3
3
D. Evaluating Logarithms
Evaluate each logarithmic expression
1. log 2 8 2. log12 12 3. 5log5 1 4. log 7 76 5. log √4 16 6. 𝑙𝑜𝑔0.001
1 8
7. ln 𝑒 −3 8. 𝑙𝑜𝑔20 9. ln⁡(−12) 10. 𝑙𝑛 (𝑒 22 ) 11. 𝑙𝑛𝑒 12. 𝑙𝑜𝑔312
4 1
13. log 5 √25 14. 4 log 2 √8 15. 9𝑙𝑛𝑒 3 + 5𝑙𝑛𝑒 4 16. log 3 13 17. log 1 2 18. log −3 7
3
E. Expanding Logarithms
Expanding each expression
𝑥2𝑦3 𝑥7 4𝑑3 𝑐√𝑥−1 3𝑥+2
1. log 3 6𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 2. log 3 3. log 5 3 4. ln 5. log (𝑦(𝑥−1)2 ) 6. log 2 3
𝑧4 √𝑥−1 √1−3𝑑 √1−5𝑥
F. Condensing Logarithms
Condense each expression
1
1. log 2 𝑥 + log 2 𝑦 − log 2 𝑧 2. 3 log 3 𝑥 − 2 log 3 (6 − 𝑥)
1
3. 3. 3𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 2 log(𝑥 − 1) + 2 log⁡(𝑥 − 1) 4. 5 ln(𝑥 + 3) + 3𝑙𝑛2𝑥 − 4 ln(𝑥 − 1) + 2
3 1
5. 3𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 4𝑙𝑜𝑔3 + 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 − 5𝑙𝑜𝑔2 6. 5 log 3 9 − 2 log 3 27 + 2 log 3 1 − 4
G. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
Solve each equation
1 4−𝑥
1. 2𝑥−1 = 32 2. 9𝑥+2 = 27𝑥−2 3. 253𝑥+2 = 125 4. 1252𝑥−6 = (25)
2𝑥+3 𝑥2 𝑥2 −𝑥−6 5 4𝑥 36 9−𝑥
5. (√2) (√2) = (√2) (√2) 6. (6) = (25) 7. 2𝑥−1 = 7

8. 12𝑥−1 = 2𝑥−2 9. 5(6𝑥 ) = 21𝑥−2 10. 𝑒 2𝑥 + 2𝑒 𝑥 = 8 11. 𝑒 2𝑥 − 8𝑒 𝑥 + 15 = 0

12. 𝑒 𝑥 − 4𝑒 −𝑥 = 0 Complete the 13. log 2 𝑥 + log 2 3 = log 2 18 14. log 6 𝑥 +

log 6 (𝑥 − 5) = 2

15. 7𝑙𝑛2𝑥 = 28 16. ln(3𝑥 + 1) + ln(2𝑥 − 3) = 𝑙𝑛10 17. log(𝑥 + 6) = log(8𝑥) − log⁡(3𝑥 + 2)

18. log 4 (𝑥 + 3) + log 4 (2 − 𝑥) = 1 19. log 4 (𝑥 2 − 9) − log 4 (𝑥 + 3) = 3

H. Exponential Growth and Decay

Solve each of the following problems

1. Complete the tables for each exercise and write the exponential function.

Solve. Write an exponential function to model each situation.

2. Suppose two mice live in a barn. The number of mice quadruples every 2 months. The
function f x   2  4 x models this situation. How many mice will be in the barn after 2
years?
3. The tax revenue that a small city receives increases by 3.5% per year. In 1990, the city
received $250,000 in tax revenue. Determine the tax revenue in 1995 and in 2006.

4. A $25,000 purchase decreases 12% in value per year. Determine the value of the
purchase after 3 years and after 7 years.

5. One thousand dollars is invested at 12% interest compounded quarterly. Determine

how much the investment is worth after\;

a. 1 year b. 2 years c. 3 years d. 10 years

6. If $1000 is invested in an online saving account earning 8% per year compounded

continuously, how much will be in the account at the end of 10 years if there are no
other deposits or withdrawals?

7. The population of a town is declining at a rate of 6%. If the current population is 12,
426 people, predict the population in 5 and 10 years using each model.

a. annually b. continuously

8. A certain population of bacteria doubles every 3 weeks. The number of bacteria in the
population is now 20. Find its size in:

a. 6 weeks b. 15 weeks c. 30 weeks

9. The half – life of Carbon – 14 is approximately 600 years. Determine how much of a
100 g sample will remain after:

a. 12,000 years b. 24,000 years c. y years

10. How long will it take an investment of $2,000 to double its value, if a bank is offering
10% interest compounded quarterly?

I. Trigonometric Ratios
Find the exact values of the 6 trigonometric functions of the angle 𝜽 shown in the
figure. (Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the third side of the triangle)
J. The given point lies on the terminal side of an angle 𝜽 in standard position. Find the
value of the six trigonometric functions of 𝜽.
1. (3, 4) 2. (−6,6) 3. (−4, −3) 4. (2,0) 5. (1, −8) 6. (−8,15) 7. (−2, −4)

K. Sketch a right triangle corresponding to the triangle ratio of the acute angle 𝜽. Use
the Pythagorean Theorem to determine the third side and then find the other five
trigonometric functions of 𝜽.
3 5 3 17
1. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 4 2. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 7 3. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 2 4. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 3 5. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 2 6. 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 = 4
5
7. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 7 , 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 > 0 8. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = √3, 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 < 0 9. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 1, 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 < 0⁡𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 < 0

L. Solve each of the following triangles:

1. 2. 3. 4.

M. Applications of Right Triangles. Word Problems

 5. What is the angle of elevation of the sun when a tree 6,25 m tall casts a shadow 10.1 m long?

6. A cable 4 m long is attached to a pole. The cable is staked to the ground 1.75 m from the base of
the pole. Find the angle the cable makes with the ground.

7. The approach pattern to an airport requires pilots to set an 110 angle of descent toward the
runway. If a plane is flying at an altitude of 9500 m, at what distance ( measure along the ground)
from the airport must the pilot start the descent?

8. Opposite corners of a small rectangular park are joined by diagonal paths, each 360 m long.
What are the dimensions of the park?

9. A central angle of a circle of radius 3 cm measures 800 . Find (a) the length of the intercepted arc,
and (b) the area of the related sector.

10. A pendulum in a grandfather clock is 160 cm long. The horizontal distance between the farthest
points in a complete swing is 65 cm. Through what angle does the pendulum swing?

N. Degrees and Radians

Write each degree measure in radians as a multiple of 𝝅 and each radian

measure in degrees.
2𝜋 10𝜋
1) 300 2) 2250 3) −1650 4) −450 5) 6)
3 3

𝜋 𝜋 7𝜋 11𝜋 7𝜋 21𝜋
7) − 8) 9) − 10) 11) 12)
4 12 6 12 2 9

O. Standard Position Angles

Draw each angle in standard position

P. Coterminal Angles

Identify all the angles that are coterminal with the given angle. Then find and draw one
positive and negative angle coterminal with the given angle.
3𝜋 10𝜋
1. 300 2. 2300 3. 4. 6000 5. −8200 6. −
4 3

Q. Reference Angles
Sketch each angle. Then find its reference angle
7𝜋 11𝜋 19𝜋
1. 450 2. 2100 3. 4. 5. −4050 6. 9500 7. − 8. −2400
12 3 6

R. Use Reference Angles to Find Trigonometric Values

Find the exact value of each expression. If undefined, write undefined

11𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋
1. 𝑐𝑜𝑠1200 2. tan 3. 𝑐𝑠𝑐3900 4. 𝑠𝑒𝑐(−1350 ) 5. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 6. 𝑐𝑜𝑡
6 6 3

3𝜋 4𝜋 11𝜋
7. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 8. 𝑐𝑜𝑠3000 9. 𝑐𝑜𝑡(−450 ) 10. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (− ) 11. 𝑠𝑒𝑐4500 12. 𝑐𝑜𝑡
4 3 3

S. Unit Circle
Find Trigonometric Values using the Unit Circle
3𝜋 19𝜋
1. 𝑐𝑠𝑐54000 2. 𝑐𝑠𝑐3900 3. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (− ) 5. 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−2700 ) 6. tan 6𝜋
2 6

19𝜋 15𝜋
7. 𝑠𝑒𝑐4500 8. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (− ) 9. 𝑠𝑖𝑛1800 10. 𝑠𝑒𝑐6300 11. 𝑐𝑜𝑡2100 12. 𝑠𝑒𝑐
6 4
T. Graphing Sine and Cosine Functions
III. State the amplitude, period, frequency, phase shift, vertical shift, maximum value,
minimum value, middle value, domain and range. Then graph two periods of the
function.
1
1. 𝑦 = 5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 2. 𝑦 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 3. 𝑦 = 2cos⁡(𝑥 − 𝜋)

1 𝜋 5. 𝑦 = 2 cos(2𝑥 − 𝜋) + 1 6. 𝑦 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 1
4. 𝑦 = 2 cos⁡(𝑥 + 2 )
𝜋 8. 𝑦 = −3 cos(4𝑥 − 𝜋) + 2 𝑥 𝜋
7. 𝑦 = −3sin⁡(2𝑥 − 2 ) 9. 𝑦 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 (4 − 2 ) − 3
2𝜋 𝜋 12. 𝑦 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥 + 2𝜋) − 1
10. 𝑦 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 + ) 11. 𝑦 = −2 cos (2𝑥 − 4 ) + 1
3

U. Complete the table below

𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝜽 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽

𝝅
𝟑𝟎𝟎⁡ ( )
𝟔

𝝅
𝟒𝟓𝟎 ⁡( )
𝟒

𝝅
𝟔𝟎𝟎 ⁡( )
𝟑

V. Complete the Unit Circle