The different physical characteristics of a building Food Freedom
according to the materials that is available on a Clothing Security particular place with a particular climate, cultural Water Identity aspects, and social status. Sanitation Well-being Single-Detached House - free standing Healthcare Communion residential building Shelter and sleep with Nature Duplex House - consists of pair of Income/Employment (ecological houses side by side as Sex and Procreation balance) units Recreation Terraced House - row identical houses Education joined together Electricity Bungalow -storey house usually Transportation surrounded by veranda Communication Apartment/ - multi-unit dwelling Condominium Penthouse - very expensive Minimum Basic Needs (Pres. Fidel Ramos apartment on the top of Administration) the floor building Survival – Health, Food and Nutrition; Water Mansion - very large and stately and Sanitation (infant mortality, malnutrition, dwelling for the wealthy access to safe water, access sanitary toilet) Mobile Home - manufactured home Shop House - row houses that Security – Shelter, Peace and Order consists of shop on the (households with squatters, households with ground floor makeshift housing) Houseboat - a boat designed to be Enabling – Income, Employment, Education used primarily as a (poverty threshold, food threshold. 3 meals a human dwelling day, unemployment rate, elementary school Stilt House - houses raised on piles participation, high school participation) over the soil or body of water Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in the context of Tepees - conical tent Housing (popularized by Theorist says that behaviour of people at a American Indian) point of time is prompted by their needs Igloo - snowhouse, shelter constructed from blocks of snow Tree House - wooden structure built in the branches of tree Dormitory - a large building at a college or university Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs where students live
BASIC NEEDS APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT Interaction Approach to Housing Satisfaction
Basic Material Needs Basic Human Needs
Interaction among family members is July 1936 - Commonwealth Act necessary before they know of 620 satisfaction/dissatisfaction 14 October 1938 - People's Situation – a set of values and attitudes in a Homesite Corporation 17 process activity September 1945 - National Housing Commission 1959 National Consensus about the level of satisfaction depends on: Republic Act 580 - Home Implementing Financing Corporation 15 Relative power of family members Machineries October 1975 - National Housing Family structure Authority Dominance September 1978 - Ministry of Human Settlements 17 POST-OCCUPANCY EVALUATION December 1978 - Executive To measure occupant’s behaviour and their Order No. 90 relations to the surrounding environment A comprehensive program that 70s –post-occupancy evaluations were carried The National provides the people, especially Shelter Program the lowest 30%, with adequate out (NSP) housing facilities through 80s – decline as housing policies changed affordable housing packages (privatization) Title I : Housing Agencies & their Systematic – post-occupancy evaluation Mandates studies started Title II : The Housing & Urban 90s – adoption of these studies by developing Development Coordinating countries Executive Order Council No. 90 Title III : Rationalizing the The major concerns of P.O.E. are to evaluate the Funding Sources & Lending occupant’s view on: Mechanisms for Home Mortgages Privacy Title IV : Other Provisions Security Housing and Use of materials and external space Urban Building image Development planning and technical assistance Satisfaction level Coordinating Personalization of space of their houses and Council housing areas (HUDCC) EO 90 and launching of the Major findings of P.O.E. National Shelter Plan Urban Development & Housing Find expression and control to their own home Act of 1992 (RA7279) environment National Policies Comprehensive & Integrated Provide adequate degree of security and for Housing Shelter Finance Act (RA 7835) privacy dated 16 Dec 1994 Provide rich and varied physical settings for Local Government Code of 1991 various age : devolving housing Image created by the environment – important responsibilities to LGU consideration for the occupants 1. To uplift the conditions of the unprivileged and homeless citizens in urban areas and in Source: resettlement areas by making The Urban available to them decent housing https://www.scribd.com/document/311580842/Beha Development & at affordable cost, basic services vioral-Aspect-of-Housing Housing Act of and employment opportunities. 1992 2. To provide for the rational use and development of urban land ORGANIZATIONAL AND INTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES in order to bring about the FOR EFFECTIVE HOUSING DELIVERY SYSTEM following: a. Equitable utilization of PMS Presidential Management Staff residential lands in urban and Development Bank of the DBP urbanizable lands Philippines b. Optimization of the use and productivity of land and urban resources. Source: c. Development of urban areas https://quizlet.com/364036283/organizational- conducive to commercial and institutional-challenges-for-effective-housing- industrial activities. delivery-system-flash-cards/ d. Reduction in urban dysfunctions. e. Access to land & housing by the underprivileged EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE HOUSING POLICIES/ and homeless. HOUSING AND SETTLEMENT LAWS 3. To adopt workable policies to regulate & direct urban growth Introduction and expansion towards a dispersed urban net and more • In 2007, there was a backlog of 1.3 million, of which balanced urban-rural two-thirds was ‘unacceptable housing” including interdependence. dilapidated or condemned housing and marginal 4. To provide for an equitable housing, including informal settlers. land tenure system that shall guarantee security of tenure to • In 2010, informal settlers in Metro Manila, the program beneficiaries. country’s economic and political center, numbered 5. To encourage more effective about 580,000. people's participation in the • Housing conditions are a reflection of the level of urban development process. economic development 6. To improve the capability of local government units • Poor Housing is likely to be as much the result of National housing policy – the combination of policies and augment and enhance local regulations that determine the efficiency and Housing government capabilities responsiveness of housing supply Authority (NHA) Home Insurance • Housing programs in the Philippines have focused on Guaranty guarantee schemes to encourage maximizing the output of new houses and sites for sale Corporation financial institutions at below market prices via underpriced mortgages, (HIGC) development loans and guaranties, and other implicit Housing & Land and explicit government subsidies. comprehensive plans for urban Use Regulatory and urbanizable areas Over the years, the overall goal of the national shelter Board (HLURB) National Home program has been to increase the access of target Mortgage and households to decent, affordable and secure shelter, Community Mortgage Program Finance where target households are typically those in the Corporation bottom 3 income deciles living in urban areas, and (NHMFC) “secure shelter” is a house, a lot, or both. Housing is SSS Social Security System largely positioned as a poverty alleviation program in Government Service Insurance other words, although its so-called multiplier effects GSIS System have been cited to justify larger agency budgets and Home Development Mutual HDMF lower mortgage rates. Fund or PAG-IBIG Fund DOF Department of Finance Housing and the State Department of Public Works & DPWH • A functioning housing market is one where Highways Department of Budget & households can translate their notional demand for DBM quality housing into effective demand at market prices, Management National Economic and and where the supply of housing is responsive to that NEDA development Authority demand. • On the supply side, investments are relatively risky (ii) Economic housing, built and financed by due to the ‘irreversible’ nature of housing, inherent government, uncertainties, and the long gestation periods involved (iii) Government financing of privately-owned housing. in production. A number of public housing corporations were • The slow adjustment in the housing system makes established to implement this program housing markets “suppliers’ markets”, characterized by 1987 to 2011 excess demand or excessively high market prices. -around 2.4 million households received housing units • On the demand side, households typically require that were built, financed or insured with public financing to make housing investments. Without support, representing about 49 percent of the official proper credit and property market information target and 30 percent of the estimated backlog per however, lenders are not able to serve all segments of year. the housing market profitably, particularly at the lower end. -Of the 2.4 million households, about 21 percent were assisted thru direct production; 22 percent thru urban • The strongest political case for intervention and asset reform programs; and 57 percent thru housing social provision in housing has been in terms of a direct finance, specifically individual mortgage loans and and effective means of ensuring minimum housing retail guaranties. standards and redistribution rather than efficiency TODAY
-Housing policy is embodied in a national shelter
• The existence of “market failures” and inequities program that features a “total systems approach to provide a-priori economic reasons for government housing finance, production and regulation” and an intervention. interacting network of implementing housing agencies, • The practical case for intervention should depend on led by Housing and Urban Development Coordinating whether the market failure is large enough to matter Council (HUDCC). and the chances of government to actually overcome -Agencies are the National Housing Authority (NHA), it. which produces shelter for the bottom 30 percent in • Regulations, taxes and subsidies, and the direct the income distribution; the National Home Mortgage provision of goods and services are among the policy Finance Corporation (NHMFC), envisioned as a US style options of the state. secondary mortgage market institution; the Home Guaranty Corporation (HGC), which provides Achievements and Costs of Housing Policy to Date guaranties and other incentives; the Housing and Land 1st Quarter of 1900s Use Regulatory Board (HLURB), which regulates land use planning and housing development; and the Social -housing policy was embodied in an effort to “clean- Housing Finance Corporation (SHFC), a subsidiary of up” Manila which was beset by sanitation problems the NHMFC which undertakes social housing programs and overcrowding. for low-income households, such as the Community -Initial interventions included slum clearing programs Mortgage Program (CMP). and new sanitation and building codes, and later the -Three contractual savings institutions - the Home acquisition, development and resale of landed estates Development Mutual Fund, also known as the Pag-IBIG and housing on behalf of labor. Fund, the Social Security System (SSS), and the 1960s and 1970s Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) – serve as support agencies tasked “to ensure that the funds Housing was recognized as a strategic economic required for long-term housing loans are available on a activity and a more elaborate housing program was continuous and self-sustaining basis”. articulated which included:
(i) Social housing (e.g. slum clearance, rental tenement
construction and resettlement projects) built and Source: https://prezi.com/xw-gul1afzfi/the-evolution- funded by government of-philippine-housing-policy-and-institutions/