HOUSING TYPOLOGIES

The different physical characteristics of a building Food Freedom

according to the materials that is available on a Clothing Security
particular place with a particular climate, cultural Water Identity
aspects, and social status. Sanitation Well-being
Single-Detached House - free standing Healthcare Communion
residential building Shelter and sleep with Nature
Duplex House - consists of pair of Income/Employment (ecological
houses side by side as Sex and Procreation balance)
units Recreation
Terraced House - row identical houses Education
joined together Electricity
Bungalow -storey house usually Transportation
surrounded by veranda Communication
Apartment/ - multi-unit dwelling
Condominium
Penthouse - very expensive Minimum Basic Needs (Pres. Fidel Ramos
apartment on the top of Administration)
the floor building
 Survival – Health, Food and Nutrition; Water
Mansion - very large and stately
and Sanitation (infant mortality, malnutrition,
dwelling for the wealthy
access to safe water, access sanitary toilet)
Mobile Home - manufactured home
Shop House - row houses that  Security – Shelter, Peace and Order
consists of shop on the (households with squatters, households with
ground floor makeshift housing)
Houseboat - a boat designed to be  Enabling – Income, Employment, Education
used primarily as a (poverty threshold, food threshold. 3 meals a
human dwelling day, unemployment rate, elementary school
Stilt House - houses raised on piles participation, high school participation)
over the soil or body of
water Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in the context of
Tepees - conical tent Housing
(popularized by
 Theorist says that behaviour of people at a
American Indian)
point of time is prompted by their needs
Igloo - snowhouse, shelter
constructed from blocks
of snow
Tree House - wooden structure built
in the branches of tree
Dormitory - a large building at a
college or university Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
where students live

Monastery - a set of building where

nuns/ monks live

Source:
https://www.slideshare.net/akicinder/housing-
typologies-report

BEHAVIORAL ASPECT OF HOUSING/ MASLOWS

PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS (MPBAH)

BASIC NEEDS APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT Interaction Approach to Housing Satisfaction

Basic Material Needs Basic Human Needs

  Interaction among family members is July 1936 - Commonwealth Act
necessary before they know of 620
satisfaction/dissatisfaction 14 October 1938 - People's
 Situation – a set of values and attitudes in a Homesite Corporation 17
process activity September 1945 - National
Housing Commission 1959
National
Consensus about the level of satisfaction depends on: Republic Act 580 - Home
Implementing
Financing Corporation 15
 Relative power of family members Machineries
October 1975 - National Housing
 Family structure Authority
 Dominance September 1978 - Ministry of
Human Settlements 17
POST-OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
December 1978 - Executive
 To measure occupant’s behaviour and their Order No. 90
relations to the surrounding environment A comprehensive program that
 70s –post-occupancy evaluations were carried The National provides the people, especially
Shelter Program the lowest 30%, with adequate
out
(NSP) housing facilities through
 80s – decline as housing policies changed
affordable housing packages
(privatization)
Title I : Housing Agencies & their
 Systematic – post-occupancy evaluation Mandates
studies started Title II : The Housing & Urban
 90s – adoption of these studies by developing Development Coordinating
countries Executive Order Council
No. 90 Title III : Rationalizing the
The major concerns of P.O.E. are to evaluate the Funding Sources & Lending
occupant’s view on: Mechanisms for Home
Mortgages
 Privacy
Title IV : Other Provisions
 Security
Housing and
 Use of materials and external space Urban
 Building image Development
planning and technical assistance
 Satisfaction level Coordinating
 Personalization of space of their houses and Council
housing areas (HUDCC)
EO 90 and launching of the
Major findings of P.O.E. National Shelter Plan
Urban Development & Housing
 Find expression and control to their own home
Act of 1992 (RA7279)
environment
National Policies Comprehensive & Integrated
 Provide adequate degree of security and for Housing Shelter Finance Act (RA 7835)
privacy dated 16 Dec 1994
 Provide rich and varied physical settings for Local Government Code of 1991
various age : devolving housing
 Image created by the environment – important responsibilities to LGU
consideration for the occupants 1. To uplift the conditions of the
unprivileged and homeless
citizens in urban areas and in
Source: resettlement areas by making
The Urban
available to them decent housing
https://www.scribd.com/document/311580842/Beha Development &
at affordable cost, basic services
vioral-Aspect-of-Housing Housing Act of
and employment opportunities.
1992
2. To provide for the rational use
and development of urban land
ORGANIZATIONAL AND INTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES in order to bring about the
FOR EFFECTIVE HOUSING DELIVERY SYSTEM following:
 a. Equitable utilization of
residential lands in urban and
urbanizable lands
b. Optimization of the use and
productivity of land and urban
resources.
c. Development of urban areas
conducive to commercial and
industrial activities.
d. Reduction in urban
dysfunctions. e. Access to land &
housing by the underprivileged
and homeless.
3. To adopt workable policies to
regulate & direct urban growth
and expansion towards a
dispersed urban net and more
balanced urban-rural
interdependence.
4. To provide for an equitable
land tenure system that shall
guarantee security of tenure to
program beneficiaries.
5. To encourage more effective
people's participation in the
urban development process.
6. To improve the capability of
local government units
National
augment and enhance local
Housing
government capabilities
Authority (NHA)
Home Insurance
Guaranty guarantee schemes to encourage
Corporation financial institutions
(HIGC)
Housing & Land
comprehensive plans for urban
Use Regulatory
and urbanizable areas
Board (HLURB)
National Home
Mortgage and
Community Mortgage Program
Finance
Corporation
(NHMFC)
SSS Social Security System
Government Service Insurance
GSIS
System
Home Development Mutual
HDMF
Fund or PAG-IBIG Fund
DOF Department of Finance
Department of Public Works &
DPWH
Highways
Department of Budget &
DBM
Management
National Economic and
NEDA
development Authority
PMS Presidential Management Staff
Development Bank of the
DBP
Philippines
Source:
https://quizlet.com/364036283/organizational-
institutional-challenges-for-effective-housing-
delivery-system-flash-cards/
EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE HOUSING POLICIES/
HOUSING AND SETTLEMENT LAWS
Introduction
• In 2007, there was a backlog of 1.3 million, of which
two-thirds was ‘unacceptable housing” including
dilapidated or condemned housing and marginal
housing, including informal settlers.
• In 2010, informal settlers in Metro Manila, the
country’s economic and political center, numbered
about 580,000.
• Housing conditions are a reflection of the level of
economic development
• Poor Housing is likely to be as much the result of
housing policy – the combination of policies and
regulations that determine the efficiency and
responsiveness of housing supply
• Housing programs in the Philippines have focused on
maximizing the output of new houses and sites for sale
at below market prices via underpriced mortgages,
development loans and guaranties, and other implicit
and explicit government subsidies.
Over the years, the overall goal of the national shelter
program has been to increase the access of target
households to decent, affordable and secure shelter,
where target households are typically those in the
bottom 3 income deciles living in urban areas, and
“secure shelter” is a house, a lot, or both. Housing is
largely positioned as a poverty alleviation program in
other words, although its so-called multiplier effects
have been cited to justify larger agency budgets and
lower mortgage rates.
Housing and the State
• A functioning housing market is one where
households can translate their notional demand for
quality housing into effective demand at market prices,
and where the supply of housing is responsive to that
demand.
• On the supply side, investments are relatively risky
due to the ‘irreversible’ nature of housing, inherent
uncertainties, and the long gestation periods involved
in production.
• The slow adjustment in the housing system makes
housing markets “suppliers’ markets”, characterized by
excess demand or excessively high market prices.
• On the demand side, households typically require
financing to make housing investments. Without
proper credit and property market information
however, lenders are not able to serve all segments of
the housing market profitably, particularly at the lower
end.
• The strongest political case for intervention and
social provision in housing has been in terms of a direct
and effective means of ensuring minimum housing
standards and redistribution rather than efficiency
• The existence of “market failures” and inequities
provide a-priori economic reasons for government
intervention.
• The practical case for intervention should depend on
whether the market failure is large enough to matter
and the chances of government to actually overcome
it.
• Regulations, taxes and subsidies, and the direct
provision of goods and services are among the policy
options of the state.
Achievements and Costs of Housing Policy to Date
1st Quarter of 1900s
-housing policy was embodied in an effort to “clean-
up” Manila which was beset by sanitation problems
and overcrowding.
-Initial interventions included slum clearing programs
and new sanitation and building codes, and later the
acquisition, development and resale of landed estates
and housing on behalf of labor.
1960s and 1970s
Housing was recognized as a strategic economic
activity and a more elaborate housing program was
articulated which included:
(i) Social housing (e.g. slum clearance, rental tenement
construction and resettlement projects) built and
funded by government
(ii) Economic housing, built and financed by
government,
(iii) Government financing of privately-owned housing.
A number of public housing corporations were
established to implement this program
1987 to 2011
-around 2.4 million households received housing units
that were built, financed or insured with public
support, representing about 49 percent of the official
target and 30 percent of the estimated backlog per
year.
-Of the 2.4 million households, about 21 percent were
assisted thru direct production; 22 percent thru urban
asset reform programs; and 57 percent thru housing
finance, specifically individual mortgage loans and
retail guaranties.
TODAY
-Housing policy is embodied in a national shelter
program that features a “total systems approach to
housing finance, production and regulation” and an
interacting network of implementing housing agencies,
led by Housing and Urban Development Coordinating
Council (HUDCC).
-Agencies are the National Housing Authority (NHA),
which produces shelter for the bottom 30 percent in
the income distribution; the National Home Mortgage
Finance Corporation (NHMFC), envisioned as a US style
secondary mortgage market institution; the Home
Guaranty Corporation (HGC), which provides
guaranties and other incentives; the Housing and Land
Use Regulatory Board (HLURB), which regulates land
use planning and housing development; and the Social
Housing Finance Corporation (SHFC), a subsidiary of
the NHMFC which undertakes social housing programs
for low-income households, such as the Community
Mortgage Program (CMP).
-Three contractual savings institutions - the Home
Development Mutual Fund, also known as the Pag-IBIG
Fund, the Social Security System (SSS), and the
Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) – serve as
support agencies tasked “to ensure that the funds
required for long-term housing loans are available on a
continuous and self-sustaining basis”.
Source: https://prezi.com/xw-gul1afzfi/the-evolution-
of-philippine-housing-policy-and-institutions/