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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM MUSCULAR MOVEMENT OF GI TRACT

Is a group of organs working together to • Peristalsis


covert food into energy and basic nutrients to Wavelike movement that occurs from
feed the entire body. the oropharynx to the rectum, allowing GI
tract to push food particles toward the anus.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM MAJOR FUNCTIONS
• Ingestion • Mixing
The oral cavity allows food to enter the Mixing motion in the oral cavity and
digestive tract and have mastication stomach that allows the GI tract to repeatedly
(chewing) occurs, and the resulting food bolus break down food into smaller particles, using
is swallowed. mechanical digestion.

• Digestion • Segmentation
Mechanical digestion Regions of the small intestine
Muscular movements of digestive contracting and relaxing independently
tract (mainly in the oral cavity and stomach) allowing the small intestine to digestive and
physically break down food into smaller absorb more efficiently.
particles.
Chemical digestion PARTS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Hydrolysis reactions aided by Mouth
enzymes (mainly in the stomach and small • The anterior opening of the alimentary canal.
intestine) chemically break down food • It leads to a oral cavity, where teeth, tongue
particles into nutrient molecules, small and salivary glands are present.
enough to be absorbed. • Here, ingestion, mastication and swallowing
of food occur.
• Secretion • 4 types of teeth (help in chewing of
Enzymes and digestive fluids secreted by food):Incisors (for cutting), Canines (for
the digestive tract and its accessory organs tearing), Premolars (for crushing) and Molars
facilitate chemical digestion. (for grinding)

• Absorption Salivary Glands


Passage of the end-product (nutrients) of • 3 pairs of salivary glands namely, Parotid
chemical digestion from the digestive tract Gland, Submandibular Gland, and
into blood or lymph for distribution to tissue Sublingual Gland.
cells. • Saliva helps moisten the food during
mastication, dissolve the food in forming the
• Elimination or Excretion bolus, and help cleanse the teeth.
Undigested material will be released
through the rectum and anus by defecation. Pharynx
• Is a funnel-shaped tube connected to the
ORGANIZATION OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM posterior end of the mouth.
• Gastrointestinal tract or GI tract • It is responsible for the passing of masses of
Is a continuous tube extending through chewed food from the mouth to esophagus.
the ventral cavity from the mouth to the anus -
--- it consists of the mouth, oral cavity, Esophagus
pharynx, esophagus, stomach , small • Is a muscular tube connecting the pharynx to
intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. the stomach that is part of the upper GI tract.
• It carriers swallowed masses of chewed food
• Accessory structures along its length.
Include the teeth, tongue, salivary
glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. Stomach
• Is a muscular sac that is located on the left
side of the abdominal cavity, just inferior to
the diaphragm.
• Acts as a storage tank for food and also a Rectum
mixer and grinder. • Is an 8-inch chamber that connects the colon
• It secretes strong acids and powerful to the anus.
enzymes that help in the process of breaking • Its job is to receive stool from the colon, to let
down of food. the person know that there is stool to be
evacuated, and to hold the stool until
Pancreas evacuation happen.
• Secretes digestive enzymes into the
duodenum, the first segment of the small Anus
intestine. These enzymes break down, • It is a 2-inch long consisting of pelvic floor
proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. muscles and two anal sphincters (internal &
• Also makes insulin, secreting it directly in the external).
bloodstream. • The lining of the upper anus is specialized to
detect rectal contents, it lets a person know
Liver whether the contents are liquids, gas, or solid.
• A roughly triangular accessory organ of the • The anus is surrounded by sphincter muscles
digestive system located to the right of the that are important in allowing control of stool.
stomach.
• It weighs about 3 pounds and is the second DIGESTIVE DISORDER
largest organ in the body. • Ulcer
• Is the production of the bile and its secretion • Stomach ache
into the small intestine. • Appendicitis
• Diarrhea
Gall Bladder • Gallstone
• Is a small, pear-shaped organ located just • Gastritis
posterior to the liver.
• Is used to the store and recycle excess bile TIPS TO BE HEALTHY
from the small intestine so that it can be • Eat a high-fiber diet
reused for the digestion of the subsequent • Get both insoluble and soluble fiber.
meals. • Limit foods that are high in fat.
• Choose lean meats
Small Intestine • Incorporate probiotics into your diet
• Is a long, thin tube about 1-inch in diameter • Eat on schedule
and about 10 feet long that is part of the lower • Stay hydrated
GI tract. • Skip the bad habit: smoking, excessive
• The entire small intestine is coiled like a hose caffeine and alcohol
and the inside surface is full of many ridges • Exercise regularly
and folds. • Manage stress
• These folds are used to maximize the
digestion of food and absorption of nutrients. Submitted by:
• 3 segments of small intestine namely Group 6-12 Mendel
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Mark Joseph Basaca
Bea Cabal
Large Intestine Joshua Castillon
• Long, thick tube about 2.5 inches in diameter Lovely Claba
about 5 feet long. Jade Harry Cortina
• It is located just inferior to the stomach and Kiana Marie Dimaranan
wraps around the superior and lateral border Stacy Belle Tantuan
of the small intestine.
• Large intestine absorbs water and contains Submitted To:
many symbiotic bacteria that aid in the Marjun Goron
breaking down of wastes to extract some Gwapa Nga Teacher
small amounts of nutrients.

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