STRUCTURE I/ BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Personal information
Name : ________________________________________
Registration number : ________________________________________
Address in Manokwari : ________________________________________
Senior High school : ________________________________________
Parent
Occupation : ________________________________________
Address : ________________________________________

Pre-test
Tell us,
1. What do you usually do on Sunday?
2. What did you do yesterday morning?
3. What are you doing now?
Identify the verb and make the sentence correct.
4. Veronica get up at seven every morning.
5. The sun bright today.
6. We are visit family every weekend.
7. My sister a students in high school
8. The sun revolve around the earth.
9. The heart beat 100,000 times a day.
10. The chef cook in his kitchen right now.
11. I dream about you last night.
12. Two students absent last Friday.
13. My father out of town two days ago.
14. My friends arrive in Ransiki yesterday.

A. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

a. My daily activities
1) wake up
2) turn off the alarm
3) get up
4) wash my face
5) take prayer
6) do jogging
7) buy food or drink for breakfast
 8) have a cup of coffee
9) make breakfast/ prepare breakfast
10) read the newspaper/ watch television/check my social media
11) have breakfast.
12) have a shower/ take a bath
13) get dressed.
14) Brush/comb/ do my hair
15) brush my teeth
16) put make-up on
17) go to campus
18) go to church/go to mousque
19) go out with friends
20) join student organization
21) do some activities related to organizations
22) call my parent
23) water the garden
24) go home
25) cook dinner/make dinner
26) do their homework
27) chill out on the sofa
28) take the rubbish out
29) wash the dishes.
30) feed the dog and the cat
31) go to bed
32) go to the bathroom
33) set the alarm
34) lock the door
35) turn off the lights
36) go to bed.
37) fall asleep.

FREQUENCY OF ADVERBS
OTHER FREQUENCY OF ADVERBS

Example:

b. My friends’ daily activities (listen to friend activities)

Base form (V1) She/he + Base form+s/es (V+-s/-es)
wake up
turn off the alarm
get up
wash my face
take prayer
do jogging
buy food or drink for breakfast
have a cup of coffee
make breakfast/ prepare breakfast
read the newspaper/ watch
television/check my social media
have breakfast.
have a shower/ take a bath
get dressed.
Brush/comb/ do my hair
brush my teeth
put make-up on
go to campus
go to church/go to mousque
go out with friends
join student organization
do some activities related to
organizations
call my parent
water the garden
go home
cook dinner/make dinner
do their homework
chill out on the sofa
take the rubbish out
wash the dishes.
feed the dog and the cat
go to bed
go to the bathroom
set the alarm
lock the door
turn off the lights
go to bed.
fall asleep.
 c. Ask and give question about friend daily activities

1. What do you usually do in the What does she/he usually do in the

morning? morning?
2. What do you usually have for What does she/he usually have for
breakfast? breakfast?
3. What do you usually do in the What does she/he usually do in the
afternoon? afternoon?
4. What do you usually eat for What does she/he you usually eat for
lunch/dinner? lunch/dinner?
5. What do you usually do before you What does she usually do before go to
go to sleep? sleep?
Ask students to correct their friend sentences

Add –s/-es to words that end in –y

Irregular singular: Has, does, goes

VERBAL SENTENCES
NON VERBAL SENTENCES
 d. Reading and underlining verb/be

Yumi is seventeen years old. She is a senior in high school in Japan. Yumi wears
“Kawaii” boots, jeans, and sunglasses. And she carries a “kawaii” camera phone.
“kawaii” is a Japannese word. It means cute. Yumi uses the word a lot. She does not
buy “non-kawaii’ things.

Businesses look at Yumi and her friends. They study their clothes. Companies know
that Yumi is not alone. There are many other teens like Yumi.
Yumi and friends buy the same things. They want to look the same things. They want
to look the same. Their clothes don’t always cost a lot. But the number of teenage
shoppers is big. And that means a lot of money for businesses.

In the 1990s, college girls were the trendsetters-they were the first to start a trend.
Now it is high school girls. Maybe in the future it will be Junior high school girls.
And it’s not just girls. Nowdays guys shop and want a certain “look” too.

e. Text editing
Correct the mistakes in paragraph.

Miyuki Miyagi live in Japan for a big advertising company. She studies teenagers.
She say, “ Teenagers change things. They doesn’t think like the manufacturers.
Manufacturers thinks of one way to use things. Teenagers find another way. For
example, pagers are for emergencies. But teenagers are think they are fun and
cute. They do not uses them for emergencies. They use them for fun.”

In many ways Dan and Jon is alike. Both Dan and Jon likes music and sports, but
Dan likes popular music and Don likes jazz. Both Dan and Jon like basket ball, but
Jon likes tennis and Dan do not. Dan and Jon is both neat. They do not like a messy
room. They both likes to go to bed late-after midnight. They watch about two hours
of TV at night, and they study with the TV on. But in one way Dan and Jon is
completely different. Dan is talkaktive, but Jon are quiet. Dan says, “We are lucky
abou that. It work out nicely. I talk, he listen.” Jon say, Uh-huh.”

Dough is a night owl. He hate to get up in the morning. On weekends, he goes to

bed at 1:00 A.M. and get up at noon. Unfourtunately for Doug, his first class start at
8:15, and he needs to get up early.
 At 7:00 A.M. Doug’s Alarm rings. He wakes up, but he do not get up. He stays in
bed and daydreams. At 7:20 his mom come in. She have a big smile. She say,
“Dougie, it’s time to get up.”

Doug’s mother is an early bird. Even on vacations she is up at 6.00 A.M. When his
mom wake him, Doug say, “ leave me alone. I’m tired.”
Finally, at about t:30, Doug gets up. He jumps out of bed, showers, and get dressed.
At 7:50 he drinks a big glass of juice, take a breakfast bar, and run to the bus stop.
The bus come at 8:00.
Review
Part A

PART B
B. PAST TENSE
 Negative sentences
Complete the sentences using wasn’t or weren’t

My activities in past time

1. What did you do yesterday morning?

2. What did you eat for your breakfast?
3. What did you study yesterday morning?
4. Where did you go yesterday evening?
5. What did you do before you go to sleep last night?
6. Where did you go last holiday?
7. What did you do in your last holiday?
Base form (V1) Past form (V2)
wake up
turn off the alarm
get up
wash my face
take prayer
do jogging
buy food or drink for breakfast
have a cup of coffee
make breakfast/ prepare breakfast
read the newspaper/ watch
television/check my social media
have breakfast.
have a shower/ take a bath
get dressed.
Brush/comb/ do my hair
brush my teeth
put make-up on
go to campus
go to church/go to mousque
go out with friends
join student organization
do some activities related to
organizations
call my parent
water the garden
go home
cook dinner/make dinner
do their homework
chill out on the sofa
take the rubbish out
wash the dishes.
feed the dog and the cat
go to bed
go to the bathroom
set the alarm
lock the door
turn off the lights
go to bed.
fall asleep.
TIME SIGNALS
 REGULAR VERB/PRONOUNCIATION

EXERCISE
Read the article
Underline the past tense verbs!

Text editing
Correct the mistakes in the postcard message.

Dear Ilene,

Parris is a magical at night! It’s 10 p.m and I’m writing to you from cafe. We arrive here
two days ago. Paul’s friend Pierre picks us up. We tour the city during the day and night.
we did walked along the Seine River. Today we dining in Monmartre and we visit the
Louvre Museum. I not like the Mona Lisa, but maybe I understood it not. Now we’re at the
Eiffel Tower and it looks just like does in the photo.

We hope all is well with you. Don’t work to hard.

Love,

Michelle and Paul

Hola, Jack!

Guadalajara is the place to be! I arrive here foyr days ago. I stay at a hotel the first night.
The next day I move to my friend Hugo’s apartment.
Yesterday morning we walk all around the town center. We visit the palace, and then we
rent a horse-drawn carriage. Our driver expalin everything.

In the afternoon I shop. Now suitcase is full of beutiful ceramics. I can’t buy anything else
(unless I buy another suitcase).

My Spanish is improving-slowly.

See you soon,

Emily
My Grandfather, Ben Brown, take a cruise. At dinner the first night, a Frenchman sit across
from my grandfather. Before the man sit down, he look at my grandfather and said, “Bon
appetit.” My grandfather only spoke English. He speak French. He understand the
Frenchman. My grandfather stand up and said, “Ben Brown.” The same thing happen the
next two nights.

My grandfather meet a Canadian and say to the man, “there’s a Frenchman at my dinner
table. Every night he introduces himself. “The Canadian spoke both French and English. He
asked my grandfather some more questions. Soon he understand my grandfather mistake.
He explain the misunderstanding to my grandfather. So then my grandfather know that “Bon
appetit” was not the man’s name, but was Frnch for “enjoy your meal.”

The next night my grandfather come to dinner after the Frenchman. This time my grandfather
say “Ben Brown.” Instead my grandfather smile and with a perfecr accent said, “Bon
appetit.” The Frenchman stand and replied, with a perfect American accent, “Ben Brown.”
C. PRESENT CONTINOUS

Write the –ing forms for the following words.

Take come dream bite hit join
Hurt plan dine snow study warn

The Smiths are at home. It is evening. Paul (1.sit) .................. on the sofa. He (2.read)..... a
newspaper. Ellen (3.sit) ............ at the desk. She (3.study) .............. while she (4.listen to)
............ music on her radio. Elen (5.study) ........... her raeding text.
Mrs. Smith is in the kitchen. She (6.cook) ........ dinner. She (7. Make) ...... a sauce for the
pasta.
Mr. Smith (8.stand) ......... near the front door. He (9. Take off) ........... his coat.
In the corner of the living room, a mouse (10.eat) ............... a piece of cheese.
Simple Present and present progressive
Use simple present or present progressive
EXPRESS FUTURE TIME

Future time makers

today next Week
tonight Month
tomorrow Year
this Morning sunday
Afternoon Monday
Evening weekend
tomorrow Morning in 2020
Afternoon The 22nd century
Evening Twenty years
night Two weeks
A few days

By the year 2050........

1. More people will be vegetarians (They won’t eat any meat or fish).
2. Robots will cook our meals.
3. On average, people will weigh five kilograms more.
4. People will be about five inches (12,5 centimeters) taller.
5. People will live to be 100 years old on average.
6. There will be a cure for the common cold.
7. People will take memory pills.
8. Cars will use solar energy.
9. Private planes will be common.
10. Travel to the moon will be common.
11. People will travel to the past and the future.
12. Paper money and coins will disappear.
Reading Comprehension
Answer the questions based on the article. There are may be more than one correct answer.
1. How will people look?
a. Taller b. shorter c. heavier d. thinner
2. Where will people travel?
a. To the moon b. to Mars c. to the past d. To the future
3. What will increase?
a. The number of vegetarians c. the number of colds
b. The average of life span d. Private planes
4. What will be common in 2050?
a. coins b. solar energy c. travel to the moon d. Travel by private plane
Class survey
Complete the questions. Then survey five classmates.
1. Write the name of something that is very popular today. __________
Ask five classmates if it will be popular in the future.
Will __________ still be popular in _________ ?
2. Write the name of a country and a time in the future. Ask if it will be a popular
tourist destination in the future.
Will __________ be a popular tourist destination in _________ ?

Report your results to the class.

Example:
I asked six people this question: “Will DVDs still be popular in ten years?” four
out of students said, “yes.”

Wonderfull fortunes
Be a fotune teller. Write a fortune you would love to get. Use will for the
future. Say your fortune in a avideo.
Example:
I will make a difference in the world. I will become rich and famous. I will
invent something great.
Editing
Correct the errors with will. Two sentences have no errors.
1. Harry’s birthday is tomorrow. He wills be fifty years old.
2. The store will stays open tomorrow night until 11:00 P.M
3. Seventeen people will to be at the marketing meeting.
4. The new senator will make her first spech in Congress tomorrow.
5. Our teacher don’t will be here tomorrow.
6. Will you call me tonight?
Complete the sentences with the correct form of be going to + the verb in parenthses.
1. Hans (visit) ____________ his roommate’s home for the holidays.
2. Ethin is a great tennis player. She (win) ___________ the tennis tournament.
3. Which history course (you take) ______ next semester?
4. The weather forecasters are saying it (not,be) ____ cold winter this year.
5. What about Marta and Bob? (they,join) _________ us Saturday night?
6. I (not, lie) _______ to you. I (tell) _______ you the truth.
Looking at grammar.
Future doctors
Check (V) the sentences that are prediction about the future.
1. ____ john is going to be a heart surgeon. He wants to wotk with young children.
2. ____ he is going to be a fantastic doctor.
3. ____ he’ll be kind and patient with the kids.
4. ____ he is going to graduate from medical school in June. Then he is going to start his
surgical training.
5. ____ john’s wife doesn’t want to be a surgeon. She is going to specialize in senior
care.
6. She will be fantastic. She is so caring.
7. ____ I think they’re going to have very busy lives.
Grammar, speaking, and writing
Work in small groups. Make predictions by completing each sentence with the words in the
box. Give your opinion, and take turns sharing each of your answers. Then write five
predictions.
Is are will isn’t aren’t won’t
In the next decade, .......
1. The climate __________ going to get warmer.
2. Cities near the ocean __________ have more flooding.
3. Smartphones and tablets ________ going to replace computers.
4. Electric cars ____ be more common than gas-powered cars.
5. We _____ going to have flying cars.
6. Computers _________ be the main teachers in classrooms.
7. I _______ learn to speak English fluently.
8. My country ________ going to win the world cup championship.
Will vs. Be going To

Read the sentences and answer the questions that follow.

a. It’s going to rain tomorrow.
b. I’m going to paint the house next week.
c. Here. I’ll carry that box. It looks heavy.
d. It will be cloudy this weekend.

1. Which sentence expresses a prior plan? ___

2. Which sentences are predictions? ___ and ___
3. Which sentence expresses an offer to help? ___
Grammar, Speaking, and Listening
Work with a partner. Read each conversation aloud. Discuss the italicized verbs. Are the
speakers expressing:
a. Predictions?
b. Decisions thet are making at the moment of speaking (willingness)?
c. Plans they made before the moment of speaking?
Casual conversations
1. A: Are you busy Saturday night? I’ve got front-row seats for the baseball game.
B: oh, sorry. It sounds like a lot of fun, but I’m going to be at my cousin’s wedding.
2. A: We’re going to go out to dinner in a few minutes. Do you want to join us?
B: Sure. Give me just a minute and I’ll grab my coat.
3. A: I heard Sue and David are engaged for the thirs time!
B: They won’t ever get married. They fight to much.
4. A: how do you spell “misspell”? one –s or two?
B: gosh! I forget. I’ll look it up.
5. A: That’s great news about your job.
B: Well, actually, I’ve changed my mind about it. I’m not going to take it after all.
I’ve decided to stay with my old job.
6. A: Sofia’s so much fun. And she’s very patient with kids.
B: I know. She’ll be great as a camp counselor.
Looking at grammar

Writing
Look at the chart predictions. Write questions and short answers about Fogville in 2020
The cost of housing decrease Crime Stay the same
taxes decrease The percent of people under 25 increase
The cost of health care decrease The percent of people over 65 Stay the same
Example:
A: Will the couse of housing increase?
B: No, the cost of housing will decrease.
Other ways to express future time
READING, WRITING, AND SPEAKING

Spelling of –ing and –ed verb forms

D. PRESENT PERFECT
What have you done in life?

Irregular Verbs
Looking at grammar

Speaking
Looking at grammar

Speaking

Looking at grammar
Present Perfect: Unspecified Time and Repeated Events.

Looking at Grammar
Grammar and Speaking

looking at grammar
Speaking

Grammar and Speaking

Presen Perfect vs. Simple Past
Looking at Grammar
Reading and Grammar

Speaking
E. ADJECTIVE
Form
Adjective is used to describe nouns.
An old man, an old woman, an old car.
Adjective does not have singular or plural form.
A two-hour film
A three-wee holiday.
Position
Adjective comes befor and after noun.
Before noun
A young man, An empty house, A new shoes, A nice girl
After the verbs
After the vers be, look, appear, sem, feel, taste, smell, sound (and few other verbs)
when we describe the subjject of a sentence.
He is young.
The house looks empty.
That soup smells good.
These shoes are new
She seems confident.
A few adjectives eg aslep, alone, alive, awake, afraid, ill, well can come after a
verb but not before a noun. for example we can say he is asleep, but not an asleep
man. Before nouns, we use other adjectives eg sleeping instead of asleep, living
instead of alive, frightened instead of afraid, sick instead of ill, and healthy instead
of well.
A sleeping man
Sick children
A frightened animal
Healthy people.
In expression of measurement, the adjectives normally comes after the
measurement noun.
He’s eighteen years old. I’m 1.80 meters tall.
Order
When we use two or more adjectives together, ‘opinion’ adjectives (eg interesting,
beautiful) normally go before ‘fact’ adjectives (eg new, blue).
An interesting new film a beautiful blue dress
When two or more fact adjectives comes before a noun, they normally go in the
following order
Size+age+shape+colour+origin+material+purpose+nouns
A small rubber ball (size+material
A young spanish woman (age+origin)
A large round hat (size+shape)
White leather running shoes (colour+material+purpose)
 Sentence practice
What can we call these people and things?
Example:
A journey which takes six hours (a six-hour journey)
A child who is four years old (a four-year-old child)
1. A concert which lasts for two hours.
2. A man who is fifty years old.
3. A delay which lasts for twenty minutes.
4. A letter which has ten pages.
5. A meeting which lasts for two hours.
Put the words in the right order.
1. Children asleep the are ?
2. Very city is a Sidney modern.
3. Building over old that 500 years is.
4. Don’t happy very you sound.
5. A he very man healthy looks.
6. Bridge long is 1.55 killometers the.
7. Blue seen have my you T-Shirt ?
8. Is a generous Kate woman very.
9. Look very Simon angry did ?
10. An woman ineterestin German young Is she.

Comparative and superlative adjectives

Adjectives can be used to compare things.
Comparative Practice
Sentence Practice
Speaking
Describing and Comparing
Describe people or compare you know by using the following list of words. You can
some adjectives to the list.

Comparative and Superlative Practice

Sentence Practice
Using one of + superlative+plural noun

Sentence practice

Speaking
Describing place, thing or people
Maria is touring journal entry about the hotel. Underline ten more adjectives.
I’m at a cave hotel in Cappadocia. The hotel is in a small village in th heart of
Cappodicia. The Cave rooms are fun. They’re old, but with modern
bathrooms. The rates are not high. The fruit is fresh and the people are helpful
and friendly. The price of the room includes a delicious breakfast and dinner.
It’s easy to visit all of Coppadocia from the hotel. It was a grat choice.
ADVERB of MANNER
Adverbs of manner say how something happens. An adverb of manner tells us more about
verb eg sings, works, passed
She sings beautifully.
He works slowly.
I passed the exam easyly.
We form most adverbs of manner by adding –ly to the adjective.
Adjective adverb
Beautiful beautifully
Slow slowly
But note that the adverb of good is well.
You’re a good swimmer. You swimm very well.
And we use fast, hard, early, and late as both adjectives and adverbs.
It’s a fast car. The car goes very fast.
It was hard work. We worked hard.
I was early. I arrived early.
Not all words ending in –ly are adverbs. Some adjectives also end in –ly eg friendly, lovely,
lonely, silly, ugly.
Practice
Answer the questions.
1. How do you usually feel before an interview? (nervous/nervously?)
2. How do you usually walk when you are tired? (slow/slowly?)
3. How do you usually when you get good news? (happy/happily?)
4. How do you usually study before and exam? (hard/hardly?)
5. How should you pick up a baby? (careful/carefully?)
6. What is your English like? (good/well?)
7. What kind of driver are you? (careful/carefully?)
8. What kind of dancer are you? (good/well)
Now make sentences.
Example: 1. I usually feel nervous before an interview.
COMPARISON AND SUPERLATIVE ADVERBS

Sentence practice
PREPOSITION
PLACE: IN, AT, ON
1. Use preposition in if it describes a place as three-dimensional
Example:
a. Simon is in his room
b. He is swimming in the sea
2. Use preposition in to describe place as an area
a. We went for a walk in the park
b. He’s got a flat in Manokwari
3. Use at to describe place as a point
a. I waited at the bus stop for twenty minutes
b. I’ll meet you at the station (a meeting point)
4. Use on when the place refers to a place as surface
a. The children are sitting on the floor
b. You put the picture on the wall
5. Use on when you think place as line
a. Memphis is on the Mississippi River
b. Brighton is on the South coast of England
6. With cities, towns, and villages:
a. use at when you think of the place as a point ex. a point of a journey
Ex: our Bus stop at Manokwari
b. use in when you think of the place itself
ex: He’s got a flat in Manokwari
7. use at when you think the building quite generally as a place where something
happens
ex: where were you last night? I was at cinema
8. use in when you think of the building itself
ex: We stayed at Swiss Bell Hotel
9. with address, use at when you give the house number, use in when you just give the
name of the street
ex: I live at 42 East Street
i live in East Street

Task 5B
Compelet the sentences using preposition at, in, or on. Sometimes more than one
answer is possible
Ex: what have got in your pocket?
1. there are some tea _____ the shelf _______the cupboard
2. Does your train stop ________Lyon?
3. My friend works ____ a chemist’s ________ the town Centre
4. Shall we meet _______ the coach station?
5. Is Ken __ the living room? No, he’s _______ the garden
PLACE AND MOVEMENT
Find out when you use the prepositions below!
1. In
2. Into
3. Out of
4. On
5. Onto
6. Off
7. Inside
8. Outside
9. Above
10. Over
11. Under
12. Above
13. Below
14. Underneath
15. On top of
16. In front of
17. Behind
18. Opposite
19. Between
20. Near
21. Next to
22. Along
23. Across
24. Through
25. Up
26. Down
27. Past
28. Round

A. TIME
1. At
2. In
3. On
4. On time
5. In time
6. At the end
7. In the end
8. During
9. While
10. For
11. By
12. Until
13. From
14. to/until
 15. before
16. after
17. for
18. since
19. ago

TEACHING STRATEGIES
Communicative approach/ Task based/ explicit teaching of grammatical patterns/
form‐focused instruction
REFERENCES
1. Azar, Betty S. 1996. Basic English Grammar_2nd edition. New York: Longman
Pearson
2. Azar, Betty S&Hagen, Stacy A.. 2006. Basic English Grammar_3nd edition. New
York: Longman Pearson
3. Azar, Betty S&Hagen, Stacy A.. 2009. Understanding and Using English Grammar,
Fourth Edition. United States of America:Pearson Longman
4. Azar, Betty S&Hagen, Stacy A. 2016. Understanding and Using English Grammar,
Fifth Edition. United States of America:Pearson Longman
5. Schoenberg, Irene E. 2006. Focus on Grammar: an Integrated Skills Approach, Third
Edition. New York: Longman
6. Maurer, Jay. 2000. Focus on Grammar: An Advanced Course for Reference and
Practice, Second Edition. New York: Longman
7. Phillips, Deborah. 2001. Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL TEST
8. Digby Beaumont. 1998. English Grammar: An intermediate Reference and Practice
Book. China: Macmillan Publisher
9. Alexander, L.G. 1990. Longman English Grammar Practice for Intermediate Student.