1. (4) TLC of Cardiac Glycoside: Solvent System: Ethyl acetate-methanol-water (100:13.

5:10)
solvents. A generally applicable solvent system for cardiac glycosides Ethyl acetate-
methanol-ethanol-water (81 : 11 :4: 8). The addition of ethanol increases the Rf values of
strongly polar compounds. Stationary System: Adsorbent Silica gel 60 F254 precoated.
2. 36. Detection of Cardiac Glycoside : Without chemical treatment UV-254 nm very weak
fluorescence quenching of all cardiac glycosides UV-365 nm no fluorescence at all. Spray
reagents: Specific detection of the y-lactone ring of cardenolides: • Kedde reagent
Immediately on spraying, cardenolides generate a pink or blue-violet (vis) colour. The colour
fades after a few minutes, but can be regained by repeated spraying. • Raymond reagent
also give red, red-orange or violet (vis) cardenolide-specifics colors.
3. 37. (5) TLC of Coumarin: Solvent System: • For coumarin Aglycones solvent Toluene-ether
(l:l, saturated with 10% acetic acid) • For glycosides Ethyl acetate-fortnic acid-glacial acetic
acid- water (100:11:11:26). Stationary Phase: Adsorbent Silica gel 60 F254 precoated TLC
plates.
4. 38. Detection of Coumarin : • UV-254 nm distinct fluorescence quenching of all coumarins. •
UV-365 nm run intense fluorescence (simple coumarins) yellow, brown, blue or blue-green
fluorescence (furano- and pyranocoumarins). • The non-substituted coumarin fluoresces in
UV- 365 nm only after treatment with KOH- reagent or ammonia vapour. Spray reagents:
The fluorescence of the coumarins are intensified by spraying with Concentrated ammonia
vapour has the same effect.
5. 39. (6) TLC of Saponin: Solvent System: The solvent which is suitable for separation of the
saponin mixtures: • Chloroform - glacial acetic acid - methanol - water (64:32:12:8) solvents.
• Chloroform-methanol-water (70:30:4) ginsenosides (Ginseng radix). Stationary Phase:
Adsorbent Silica gel 60 F254 precoated TLC plates.
6. 40. Detection of Saponin: • Without chemical treatment With the exception of glycyrrhizin
and glycyrrhetic acid (Liquiritiae radix), no saponins are detectable by exposure to UV-254
or UV-365 nm. Spray reagents: Hemolytically active saponins are detected as . Hemolysis
may occur immediately, after allowing the TLC plate to stand or after drying the plate in a
warm airstream.
7. 41. (7) TLC of Triterpenes: Solvent System: Ethyl formate-toluene-formic acid (50:50: 15)
Toluene-chloroform-ethanol (40:40:10) Stationary Phase: Silica gel 60 F254 precoated
plates
8. 42. Detection of Triterpenes: • UV-254 nm calfeic acid, its derivatives and isoflavones show
quenching. • UV-365 nm caffeic acid, its derivatives and isoflavones fluoresce blue. Spray
Reagents: Anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid reagent Tile sprayed TLC is heated for 6 min at
100°C; evaluation in vis.: triterpenes blue-violet (Cimicifugae rhizoma) and red to red-violet
(Ononidis radix).
9. 43. (8) TLC of Lignans: Solvent System: Chloroform-methanol-water (70:30:4) Cloroform-
metllanol( 90:lO) Stationary Phase: Silica gel 60 F254 -precoated plates
10. 44. (9) TLC of essential oil: Solvent System: Toluene-ethyl acetate (93:7). This system is
suitable for the analysis and comparison of all important essential oils. Stationary Phase:
Silica gel 60 F254 precoated TLC plates.
11. 45. Detection of essential oil: • Without chemical treatment UV-254nm Compounds
containing at least two conjugated doulble bonds quench fluorescence and appear as dark
zones against the light- green fluorescent background of the TLC plate. • UV-365 nm No
characteristic Fluorescence of terpenoids and propylphenols is noticed. Spray reagents:
Anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid 10 min/110°C; evaluation in vis.: essential oil compounds show
strong blue, green, red and brown colouration. Most of the compounds develop
fluorescence under UV-365 nm.