Automatic Street Light Controller Circuit Using LDR And 555 Timer IC

OBJECTIVE-

We have designed a system where there is automatic turning on and off of the light whenever
required. When darkness is detected then the sensor circuit gets activated and switches ON
automatically and when there is other source of light during daytime, the street light gets OFF.
Also this circuit can be used to adjust the sensitiveness of the light.

ABSTRACT-

The circuit is cheap and economic and can be made easily. On large scale the circuit can be used
with solar cell as energy source and big light source can be used at night and instead of manual
operation automatic operation can be implemented.

INTRODUCTION-

Automatic street light control system is a simple and powerful concept, which uses transistor as
a switch to switch ON and OFF the street light automatically. By using this system manual works
are removed. It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible
region of our eyes. It automatically switches OFF lights under illumination by sunlight. This is
done by a sensor called light dependent Resistor (LDR) which senses the light actually like our
eyes. By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because now-a –days the
manually operated street lights are not switched off properly even the sunlight comes and also
not switched off properly even the sunlight comes and also not switched on earlier before
sunset. In sunny and rainy days, ON time and OFF time differ significantly which is one of the
major disadvantages of using timer circuits or manual operation. This project exploits the
working of a transistor in saturation region and cut-off region to switch ON and switch OFF the
lights at appropriate time with the help of an electromagnetically operated switch. Automatic
street light needs no manual operation of switching ON and OFF. The system itself detects
whether there is need for light or not. When darkness rises to a certain value then
automatically streetlight is switched ON and when there is other source of light, the street light
gets OFF.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT DESCRIPTION-

1. L.D.R (Light Dependent Resistor)

2. IC NE555 with Base
3. LED1 & LED 2 (Light Emitting Diode)
4. 9v Battery with strip
5. Two 10Kohm resistors
6. Voltage Regulator IC 7805

CIRCUIT COMPONENT SPECIFICATIONS-

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM-
METHODOLOGY-
555 Timer IC is the main part of the circuit that works as a comparator. All the working of this
circuit depends on the working of the 555 timers Ic. In this circuit pin, 3 produce output which
has just two states high and low. Output goes to high when trigger pin is at a lower level than
the 1/3rd level of the power supply voltage and output goes low when trigger pin 2 is at above
then 1/3rd of the power supply voltage. In this circuit pin, 4,6 and 8 are connected to the power
supply. Here we use LDR to detect the presence of light which is formed a potential divider
circuit with the help of 1k ohms resistor. LDR is a special type of resistor whose value depends
on the light.

CONCLUSIONS-
Thus the Automatic street light Circuit is designed and constructed. A system where there is
automatic turning on and off of the light, there by saving electricity.

REFERENCES-
https://www.how2electronics.com/automatic-street-light-using-555-timer-
circuit/
APPENDIX-
LDR (LIGHT DEPENDENT REGISTERS) –

An LDR is a component that has a ( variable) resistance that changes with the light intensity
that falls upon it. A photoresistor is a light-controlled variable resistor. The resistance of a
photoresistor decreases with increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits
photoconductivity.

ICNE555 -

The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse generation,
and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and as
a flip-flop element.
LED (LIGHT EMITTING DIODE) –

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows
through it. The color of the light is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the
band gap of the semiconductor. They are super compact and do not emit heat, most commonly
used in emergency lightings, automotive tail lights.

9V BATTERY –

The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, is a common size of battery that was introduced for
the early transistor radios. It has a rectangular prism shape with rounded edges and a polarized
snap connector at the top. This type is commonly used in walkie-talkies, clocks and smoke
detectors.
REGISTERS ( 10 KOHM ) –

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical

resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow,
adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines,
among other uses.

VOLTAGE REGULATORS –

A voltage regulator is a system designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. It

may use an electromechanical mechanism, or electronic components. Depending on the design,
it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages. Electronic voltage regulators are
found in devices such as computer power supplies where they stabilize the DC voltages used by
the processor and other elements.
Automatic Street Light Controller Circuit Using LDR And 555 Timer IC

TEAM MEMBER NAME WITH REGISTER NUMBERS -

Devanshi Tiwari - RA1811034010031

Mayuri - RA1811034010032
Rudransh Tiwari - RA1811034010033

PHOTO OF TEAM MEMBERS WITH EXPERIMENTAL KIT IN WORKING CONDITION -

EXPERIMENTAL KIT –