Average Shear Wave Velocity

Symbol Meaning
�_� thickness of Layer i , m

�_𝑠� shear wave velocity in Layer i , mis

Average Field Standard Penetration Resistance and Average

Standard Penetration Resistance for Cohesionless Soil
Layers
Symbol Meaning
�_� thickness of Layer i , mm
the total thickness of cohesionless soil
�_𝑠 layers
in the top 30 m
the standard penetration resistance of soil layer in
�_� accordance with approved nationally
recognized standards

Average Undrained Shear Strength

Symbol Meaning
the total thickness (100 - ds) of cohesive soil layers
�_� in the top 30 m

the undrained shear strength in accordance

�_𝑢� with approved nationally recognized
standards, not to exceed 250 kPa

Simplified Base Shear, V

Symbol Meaning Symbol

numerical coefficient representative of the inherentover-strength
R and global ductility capacity of lateral-force-resisting system R
the total seismic dead load defined in Section
W 208.5.2 W

�_� seismic coefficient, as set forth in Table 208-7 �_�

Design for Total Lateral Force, �_� Total design base she

Symbol Meaning Symbol Me

the element or component attachment numerical coefficient representa
ℎ_� elevation with respect to grade. R and global ductility capacity o
hx shall not be taken less than 0.0.
 the total seismic dead
ℎ_� the structure roof elevation with respect to grade. W 208

�_� the in-structure Component Amplification �_� seismic coefficient, as

Factor that varies from 1.0 to 2.5.

�_𝑣 seismic coefficient, as

Amplification Factor, Ax near-source factor used in
�_𝑣
Symbol Meaning
�_�𝑣� the average of the displacements at the extreme points Z
of the structure at Level x,mm seismic zone factor a

�_𝑚�� the maximum displacement at Level x,

mm � importance factor

Structure Period, T Alternative formula to solve Structure Period

Symbol Meaning Symbol Meaning
�_� �_� the combined effective area of
0.0853 for steel moment-resisting frames walls in the first storey of the str
0.0731 for reinforced concrete momentrcsisting the minimum cross-sectional area
�_� frames and eccentrically braced frames
�_� horizontal plane in the first storey of a
m2
the length of a shear walI in the first
�_� 0.0488 for all other buildings �_� direction parallel to the applied f

ℎ_� height above the base to Level n, m ℎ_� height above the base to Lev

Fundamental Period, T Vertical Distribution

Symbol Meaning Symbol Meaning
0that portion of the base shear, V
lateral force at Level i for use in Equation 208-
�_� 14 �_� concentrated at the lop of the s

tthat portion of W located at or assigned to lateral force at Level i for use in Equa
�_� Level i or x, respectively �_� 14

the total seismic dead load defined in Section telastic fundamental period of vibra
w 208.5.2.l T structure in the direction under con

g V base shear given by Equations. 20

acceleration due to gravity= 9 .815 m/sec2 208-10, 208-11 or 208-1

the average of the displacements at the extreme points that portion of W located at or assi
�_� of the structure at Level x,mm �_� Level i or x, respectively

�_� the maximum displacement at Level x, ℎ_� the maximum displacement a

mm mm

that portion of W located at or assi

�_� Level i or x, respectively

ℎ_� the maximum displacement a

Earthquake Loads, E mm

Symbol Meaningρ
 �_𝑚 in the structure as set forth in Section 208.6. l, and used in the design of specific elements of the structure, as specifically identified in this section
quake force that can be developed

the earthquake load due to the base shear, V, as set forth

�_ℎ in Section 208.5.2 or the design lateral force, Fp, as set
forth in Section 208.9
the load effect resulting from the vertical component or
the earthquake ground motion and is equal to an
�_𝑣 addition of 0. 5CaID lo the dead load effect, D, for
Strength Design, and may be taken as zero for Allowable
Stress
the seismic force Design factor that is
amplification
required to account for structural
�_𝑣 overstrength, as set forth in Section
208.4.10.1
ρ
ρ Reliability/Redundancy Factor

�_𝑚�� the maximum element-storey shear ratio

Maximum Inelastic Response Displacement, ∆_� ∆

Symbol Meaning
∆_𝑠 Design Level Response Displacement
numerical coefficient representative of the inherent
over-strength and global ductility capacity of
� lateral-force-resisting systems, as set forth in Tahle
208-11 or208-12

Design for Total Lateral Force, �_�

Symbol Meaning
the element or component attachment
ℎ_� elevation with respect to grade.
hx shall not be taken less than 0.0.

ℎ_� the structure roof elevation with respect to grade.

�_� the in-structure Component Amplification

Factor that varies from 1.0 to 2.5.

�_� Component Response Modification factor

 Vertical Distribution, Fx

Symbol Meaning
numerical coefficient representative of the inherentover-strength
and global ductility capacity of lateral-force-resisting system
the total seismic dead load defined in Section
208.5.2

�_� seismic coefficient, as set forth in Table 208-7

Total design base shear

Meaning
numerical coefficient representative of the inherentover-strength
and global ductility capacity of lateral-force-resisting system
 the total seismic dead load defined in Section
208.5.2

seismic coefficient, as set forth in Table 208-7

seismic coefficient, as set forth in Table 208-8

near-source factor used in the detenniuation of C 11
in Seismic Zone 4

seismic zone factor as given in Table 208-3

importance factor given in Table 208-1

formula to solve Structure Period, T

Meaning
the combined effective area of the shear
walls in the first storey of the structure, m2
the minimum cross-sectional area in any
horizontal plane in the first storey of a shear wall,
m2
the length of a shear walI in the first storey in the
direction parallel to the applied forces, m

height above the base to Level n, m

Vertical Distribution
Meaning
0that portion of the base shear, V, considered
concentrated at the lop of the structure in
addition to F11
lateral force at Level i for use in Equation 208-
14

telastic fundamental period of vibration of the

structure in the direction under consideration,
sec
base shear given by Equations. 208-8, 208-9,
208-10, 208-11 or 208-15

that portion of W located at or assigned to

Level i or x, respectively

the maximum displacement at Level x,

mm

that portion of W located at or assigned to

Level i or x, respectively

the maximum displacement at Level i,

mm