‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪،28‬اﻟﻌﺪد‪2010،4‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻫﻴﺜﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﻋﺩﺍﷲ ﺃﻟﻌﺒﻴﺩﻱ* ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﺨﺎﻟﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺯﺍﻕ*‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻼﻡ‪2009/6/21:‬‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻭل‪2009/10/1:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻨﺴـﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﺇﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺤﻔﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻨﺸﻭﺀ ﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻔـﺎﻨﻲ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺘــﻡ ﺍﺴــﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻤــﺎﺫﺝ ﻤــﻥ ﺍﻟﺼــﻠﺏ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻨﺴــﺏ ﻜــﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔــﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﻬــﺎ‬
‫‪ . 0.65%C , 0.5%C , 0.35%C , 0.2%C , 0.05%C‬ﺘﻤﺕ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل ﺸﻤﻠﺕ ‪ 4‬ﺃﺴﺎﺒﻴﻊ‪ 6 ،‬ﺃﺴﺎﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪ 8‬ﺃﺴﺎﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺸﻴﻭﻋﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺸﻤﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺠﻭ‪‬ﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ‪ .‬ﺍﺠ‪‬ﺭﻱ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺃﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﺘﺂﻜـل ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻜﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻭﺠﺩ ﺇﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻘل ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﺘﺂﻜل ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Study of The Effect of Carbon Contents on The Corrosion‬‬

‫‪Rate of Carbon Steels‬‬
‫‪Abstract‬‬
‫‪The Plain-Carbon steel are considered as one of the most common‬‬
‫‪metallic materials used in engineering and industrial applications due to its ability‬‬
‫‪in altering the micro-structures and mechanical properties as the result of carbon‬‬
‫‪content. These alterations have direct effect on the corrosion rate of steel by‬‬
‫‪building up galvanic corrosion cells between its microscopic phases. The effect of‬‬
‫‪carbon content on the corrosion resistance of Hypo-eutectoid plain carbon steels‬‬
‫‪having different carbon contents such as 0.05%C , 0.2%C , 0.35%C , 0.5%C , and‬‬
‫‪0.65%C have been studied using three testing durations which are 4 weeks, 6‬‬
‫‪weeks, and 8 weeks and different corrosion environments such as atmosphere,‬‬
‫‪fresh water, and salt water. The aim of the present work is to obtain the effect of‬‬
‫‪carbon content on the corrosion resistance of steels in different corrosion medium‬‬
‫‪by using the weight loss technique as a function of the corrosion resistance. The‬‬
‫‪results, which have been obtained during this work show that a correlation can be‬‬
‫‪made between corrosion rates and steels carbon content, and the corrosion‬‬
‫‪resistance decreases with the increase in carbon content.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺘـﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻌ‪‬ﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل )‪ (Corrosion‬ﺒﺄﻨ ‪‬ﻪ "‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻗﺒل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﻼﺼﻪ "‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺩﻥ ﻨﺘﻴﺠـﺔ ﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠـﻪ ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻴـﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻭ " ﻫﻭ ﻓﺸل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺒﺄﻱ ﺴﺒﺏ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﻬﺭﻭﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻴﺎﹰ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺒـﻪ " ﺃﻭ "‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺕ " ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻴـﺘﻡ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﺇﻋـﺎﺩﺓ‬

‫*اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﯿﺔ‪,‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ ‪ /‬ﻧﯿﻨﻮى‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪،28‬اﻟﻌﺪد‪2010،4‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺤــــﺩﻭﺩﻫﺎ )‪،(Grain Boundary‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺴـﺎﺌﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺎﻟﻔﺭﺍﻴﺕ)ﻜﺎﺜﻭﺩ( ﻭﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴـﺎ )ﺃﻨـﻭﺩ( ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻫﻅﺔ ﻭﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺴﻬل ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺸﻭﻓﺔ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠـﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﺂﻜـل ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘـﻭﻓﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﻭﺒـﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺫﺍ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻭﻤﺴﺒﺒﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﻤﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﻴﻥ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ]‪ . [2][1‬ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺩﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺍﺠـﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘـﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺂﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺴﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺒﺴـﺭﻁﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﺏ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﻓﺭﺼـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻑ ﻤﺜﻼﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺒﺸﻜل ﺍﻜﺒﺭ]‪.[5] [4‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺒﻴﻙ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﺠل ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺎﺒﻴﺏ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻨﺎﺒﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺒﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺨﺯﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻗـﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤـﺔ‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌل‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺨﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴـﻔﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‪ :‬ﺃﻜﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ)‪[5](Wadullah2006‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜـل‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ ﺒـﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺼـﻠﺏ ﻤﺘﻭﺴـﻁ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠـﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ)‪ (steel CK45‬ﻴﺘﻤﻴـﺯ ﺒﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺌﻠـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺸـﻤل ﻜﻠـﻑ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜــل ﺃﻋﻠــﻰ ﻤــﻥ ﺍﻟﺼــﻠﺏ ﻋــﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍل ﻭﻜﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺘـﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ)‪ (steel CK60‬ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻻﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻓﻴﺸﻤل ﻁـﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓـﻲ ﻓﺘـﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﻜﻴﻤﻴـﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌـﺎﺩﻥ ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺘﻤﺜﻠﺕ ﺒﺸﻬﺭ ﻭﺸﻬﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻅﻬـﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺘـــﺎﻟﻴﻴﻥ ‪ .‬ﻜﻤـــﺎ ﻗـــﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜـــ ﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺁﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌـﺎﺩﻥ ﻭﺤﻤﺎﻴـﺔ‬
‫ـﺔ‬
‫) ‪ Batis2005‬ﻭ‪ [6](Rakanta‬ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴـ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺒﺄﺨﺭ ﻤﻀﺤﻰ ﺒـﻪ ]‪ .[3‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼـﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻱ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﺃﺭﺒﻌـﺔ ﻨﻤـﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻋﺭﻀﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻌﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴــــﺒﺔ ﻜــــﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ )‪ (0.08 % C‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌﻠـﻪ ﻋﺭﻀـﺔﹰ ﻟﻸﻭﺴـﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫـﺫﺍ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜـل ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺼـﻠﺏ‬
‫)‪ ،(0.3 % C‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻭﺠﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜ ﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺴﺒﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻫﻭ ﻨﺸـﻭﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬
‫ﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜـل ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻁـﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻠﻭﺍ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻟﻠﺼـﻠﺏ‬
‫ـﺒﺔ‬
‫ـﻥ ﺍﺨـﺘﻼﻑ ﻨﺴـ‬ ‫)‪ (Phases‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠـﺔ ﻋـ‬
‫)‪ (0.08 % C‬ﺒﺎﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻔﺎﻨﻲ ﺃﻟﻤﺠﻬـﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠـﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺭﻻﻴـﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻭﺭﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺠـــــــﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒـــــــﺎﺤﺜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺜــل ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻴــﺕ )‪ (Ferrite‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴــﻤﻨﺘﺎﻴﺕ‬
‫) ‪Raja2002‬ﻭ‪ Baligidad‬ﻭ‪[7](Shankar‬‬
‫)‪ (Cementite‬ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻋﺭﻀﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜـل‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﻌـﺩل‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁـﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺤـﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺼﻠﺏ ﺒﻨﺴـﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻜــﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ)‪ (0.05 % C‬ﻭ)‪ (0.14 % C‬ﻭ‬ ‫)‪ (Single Phase‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻻﺤﺘﻤـﺎل ﻨﺸـﻭﺀ‬
‫ﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺃﻟﻤﻭﻗﻌﻲ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻓـﺭﻕ‬
‫)‪ (0.5 % C‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺤﺎﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻴﺘﻴـﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻗﻊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻁـﻭﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬـﺭﻴﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ )‪ (%5‬ﻜﻭﺴﻁ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜـل ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺒـﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻔﺎﻨﻲ ﺃﻟﻤﺠﻬـﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﻁﺒﻴﻥ ﻴﻤﺜـل ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻴـﺕ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺜﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻔﺎﻨﻲ ﺃﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻱ‬
‫ـﻭﺩ‬‫ـﻤﻨﺘﺎﻴﺕ ﺍﻻﻨـ‬ ‫ـل ﻭﺍﻟﺴـ‬‫)‪ (Cathode‬ﻭﻴﻤﺜـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺭﻻﻴﺕ ‪ .‬ﻜﻤـﺎ ﺃﻜـﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜـ ﺎﻥ‬
‫)‪ (Anode‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫) ‪ Tomlinson1983‬ﻭ ‪ [8]( Giles‬ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ـﺕ‬‫ـﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻱ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻻﻴـ‬ ‫ـﺔ ﻜﻠﻔﺎﻨﻴـ‬
‫ـﻭﻥ ﺨﻠﻴـ‬‫ﻴﻜـ‬
‫ـﺒﺔ‬
‫ـﻠﺏ ﺒﻨﺴــ‬ ‫ـﺘﻬﻡ ﻟﺼــ‬ ‫ﺨـ ـﻼل ﺩﺭﺍﺴــ‬
‫)‪ (Pearlite‬ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺂﻜل ﻜﻠﻔﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﺤﺩ‬
‫ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ‪ 0.79%C‬ﻋﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻤﺽ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻫﻭ ﻨﺸـﻭﺀ ﺨﻼﻴـﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜـل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻔﻑ ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻥ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻔﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ )‪(Grains‬‬
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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪،28‬اﻟﻌﺪد‪2010،4‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺴﺒﺏ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬ ‫‪(5‬‬ ‫ـﺩﺓ‬

‫ـﺎﺱ ﺒﻭﺤـ‬ ‫ـل ﺍﻟﻤﻘـ‬‫ـﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜـ‬‫ﻤﻌـ‬ ‫‪(2‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﻴل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺨﻔﻴﺽ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺤﻴـﺙ‬ ‫)‪ (gm/cm2‬ﻓﻲ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻬﻡ ﻴﻌـﻭﺩ ﻻﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻜل ﺃﻏﺸﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﻠل ﻤﻥ ﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﺴـﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻲ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﺏ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫‪(3‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫)‪ [5](Wadullah2006‬ﺒﺄﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻭﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺒﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺇﺫ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺼـﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀـﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬
‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻱ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺠـﺩﻭل ) ‪، (1‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻱ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﻨﻰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻗﻭﺭﻨﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ)‪% C ، 0.2 % C ، 0.05 % C‬‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ ، 0.5 % C ، 0.35‬ﻭ ‪.(0.65 % C‬‬ ‫) ‪ Corvo 2005‬ﻭ ‪ [9]( Minotas‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻗﻭﺍﻟﺏ ﻟﺘﺭﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺨﻼل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﻡ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻓـــــــﺭﻥ ﻜﻬﺭﺒـــــــﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫)‪.(Electric Muffle furnace‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﻫﻭ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺤﻭﻀـــﻴﻥ ﺯﺠـــﺎﺠﻴﻴﻥ ﻗﻴـــﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ ) ‪ (Cl-‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﺘﻌﺠﻴل‬
‫‪.(60*30 *25 )cm‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺭﻀﺔ ﻟﻸﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﻟﻔﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﺤﺎﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﻙ )‪ (HCl‬ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻔﻑ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺼﻑ‬
‫)ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯﻩ ‪ (10%‬ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺃ ﻭﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ Nakkuntod1999‬ﻭ ‪(Chotimongkol‬‬
‫‪ .6‬ﻤﻴﺯﺍﻥ ﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻲ ﺤﺴﺎﺱ ﺒﺩﻗﺔ) ‪.(10-4‬‬ ‫]‪ [10‬ﻭ)‪ Chikh2005‬ﻭ ‪[11](Dermaj‬‬
‫ﻭ) ‪Yunping 2002‬ﻭ ‪[12]( Zhaohui‬‬
‫‪ .7‬ﻜﺎﻤﻴﺭﺍ ﻟﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﻨﻤـﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺼـﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻬﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ‪ :‬ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺭﺕ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠل‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻨﺴﺏ ﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‬
‫)‪ (Time of wetness‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻁﺢ‬
‫ﻭﻫـــﻲ)‪،0.35 %C ،0.2%C ،0.05 %C‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪ ،(0.65 %C ،0.5%C‬ﻗﻁﻌﺕ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻠل ﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ)‪(0.6 5%C،0.5%C،0.05 %C‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺒﺸـــﻜل ﻤﺴـــﺘﻁﻴل ﺒﺎﻷﺒﻌـــﺎﺩ)‪mm‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪،‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﻘﺭﺭ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠل ﻤﺩﺓ‬
‫‪ .(30 *21.4 *5‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻗﻁﻌﺕ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ )‪ (0.35 %C ،0.2 %C‬ﺒﺸـﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺌﺭﻱ ﺒﻨﺼﻑ ﻗﻁـﺭ)‪ (14.3 mm‬ﻭﺴـﻤﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﻤﻼﺡ ﻭﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ ﻭ‬
‫)‪ ، (5 mm‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﺍﻹﺒﻌـﺎﺩ ﺤﺴـﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺢ ﺤﺴﺏ ‪.[13] ISO9223‬‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﻤل ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜـل‬ ‫‪(4‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻤﻌــﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜــل ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺱ ﻜــل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻭﻫﻲ )‪ .(3210 mm 2‬ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﻀـﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤــــــﻥ)‪[5](Wadullah2006‬‬
‫) ‪ (9‬ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﻜل ﻨﻭﻉ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﺨﺘﺒـﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ ‪[13](Rosales‬‬ ‫‪Vera‬‬ ‫) ‪2002‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻭﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﺃﺨـﺭﻯ ﻟﻐـﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺤـﺹ‬
‫ﻭ) ‪[14](John1994‬ﻭ)‪[15](Huang2000‬‬
‫ﺃﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪.(1‬‬
‫ـﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻭ) ‪ Wall2005‬ﻭ ‪ [16]( Missert‬ﺘـ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃُﻋﺩ‪‬ﺕ ﺴـﻁﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﻤـﺎﺫﺝ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺤﻴﺙ ﻭﺠﺩﻭﺍ‬
‫ـﺔ‬‫ـﻴﻡ )‪ (Grinding‬ﻹﺯﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ـﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻌـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠـ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺎﻗﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺒﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺤـﺎﺩﺓ ﻏﻴـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻏﻭﺏ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬
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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻤــﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸــﺭﺏ )‪-: (Fresh Water‬‬
‫ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺯﺠﺎﺠﻲ ﺤﺎﻭﻱ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸـﺭﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل) ‪ ،(4‬ﺇﺫ ﻋﻠﻘﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻤﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻜﺎﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺭ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻓﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ )‪ -: (Salt Water‬ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺤـﻭﺽ ﺯﺠـﺎﺠﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺏ ﻭﻤﻀـﺎﻑ ﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴـــﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴـــﻴﻭﻡ )‪(MgCl2‬‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ)‪ (3%‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﺫﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺢ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺎﻤل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺜﻡ ﻋﻠﻘﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻐﻤﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﺸـﻜل‬
‫ﻜﺎﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﻟﺢ ﻁﻴﻠـﺔ ﻓﺘـﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻓـﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ‪ 3%‬ﻤﻥ ﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻴﻌﻁﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩل ﺘﺂﻜل ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ‪ 12%‬ﻟـﻨﻔﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺢ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪. [12]NACE‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل) ‪ (5‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺘﺂﻜل ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (6‬ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‪:‬ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ :‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ) ‪ (4‬ﺃﺴـﺎﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻱ ) ‪ (672‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻟﻤﺩﺓ )‪ (6‬ﺃﺴﺎﺒﻴﻊ ﺃﻱ‬
‫) ‪ (1008‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻟﻤﺩﺓ )‪ (8‬ﺃﺴﺎﺒﻴﻊ ﺃﻱ‬
‫) ‪ (1344‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ‪ :‬ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫‪(7‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺭﻓﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻭﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻁﺒﻘـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺒ ﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ‬
‫ـﺔ ﺃﻭﻻ ﺒﺎﺴـــﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻓﺭﺸـــﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴــ‬
‫ﻨﺎﻋﻤﺔ)ﻓﺭﺸﺎﺕ ﺃﺴﻨﺎﻥ( ﻭﻤﺎﺀ ﺜـﻡ ﺒ ﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺤﺎﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﻬﻴـﺩﺭﻭﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻔﻑ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﻏﺴﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻭﺠﻔﻔـﺕ‬
‫ﺠﻴﺩﺍﹰ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻘﺎﻴﺎ ﻷﺜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ‪ .‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺘـﻡ ﻗﻴـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻤـﺎﺫﺝ )‪(Final Weight‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ )‪،(Weight Loss‬‬
‫ﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﻟﺤﺴـﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻤﻌــﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜــل )‪(Corrosion Rate‬‬
‫]‪.[ 17,5,4,3,2‬‬
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‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪،28‬اﻟﻌﺪد‪2010،4‬‬
‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌـﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺜﻘﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺒﻘﻁـﺭ ) ‪ (2 mm‬ﻟﻐـﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺒﺨﻴـﻭﻁ ﻋﺎﺯﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﺒﺤﺎﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﻙ‬
‫ﺠﻔﻔﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻔﻑ ﺜﻡ ﻏﺴﻠﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ‪‬‬
‫ـﻲ‬ ‫ـﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻟـ‬‫ـﺎﺱ ﻭﺯﻨﻬـ‬ ‫ـﺭﺽ ﻗﻴـ‬ ‫ـﺩﺍﹰ ﻟﻐـ‬
‫ﺠﻴـ‬
‫)‪ (Original Weight‬ﺒﺩﻗــﺔ ﺒﺎﺴــﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫‪(3‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠـﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (Normalising‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﺠل‬
‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﻀﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜـل‬
‫ﺒﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺃﻁﻭﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﻫـﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻴـﺕ )‪(Ferrite‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﻻﻴﺕ )‪ (Pearlite‬ﻭﻷﺠل ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻨﺴـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘـﺎﺭﺓ ﻤـﻥ ﻫـﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻥ ﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺫﻭ ﻏﻁﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜـﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻕ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺤﺎﻁﺔ ﻏﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﻴﻥ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻫﻭ ﻷﺠل ﺘﺠﻨﺏ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻜﺴﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺒﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ )‪ (Decarburising‬ﻟﻠﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬
‫ﻗﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻁﺎﻉ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ) ‪ (2‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻔﺎﺼـﻴل‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ )‪(Normalising‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺹ ﺃﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻱ ‪ :‬ﺘـﻡ ﺘﺤﻀـﻴﺭ‬ ‫‪(4‬‬
‫ـﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـ‬
‫ـﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜـ‬‫ـﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺼـ‬ ‫ﻨﻤـ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩل ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ )‪ (Normalised‬ﻟﻠﻔﺤﺹ‬
‫ﺃﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻨﻌﻴﻡ )‪ (Grinding‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼـﻘل‬
‫)‪ (Polishing‬ﺜــﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴــﺔ ﺍﻹﻅﻬــﺎﺭ‬
‫)‪ (Etching‬ﻭﺫﻟــﻙ ﺒﺎﺴــﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺤﺎﻟﻴــل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻅﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺘﺤـﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) ‪.(1‬‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ‪:‬ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪(5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﺠﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﺼل ﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬
‫ﻟ ﻠﻌﺎﻡ ‪ 2008‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺌﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﺘﺂﻜل ﻭﺘﻠﻑ ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪-:‬‬
‫ـﻭﻱ )‪-: (Atmosphere‬‬ ‫ـﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺠـ‬‫‪ .1‬ﺍﻟﻤﺤـ‬
‫ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﺠﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﺼل‬
‫ﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﻴﻨـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼـل ﺤﻴـﺙ ﻭﻓـﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ‪ ،‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل)‪ ، (3‬ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺘﺭﻜﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻁﻠـﻕ‬
‫ﻁﻭل ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪،28‬اﻟﻌﺪد‪2010،4‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻤﻊ‬ ‫‪K ×W‬‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻫـﻭ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫= ‪mpy‬‬
‫‪ρ × A× t‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌل ﺒﺎﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﻓﻘﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻻﻴﺕ )‪ (Pearlite‬ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‪-:‬‬
‫ﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻔﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫)‪ :(mpy‬ﻫﻲ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴـﺎﺱ ﻤﻌـﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜـل‬
‫ﺍﻷﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻻﻴﺕ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫)‪.(mils per year‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻤﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻴﺕ )‪(Frrite‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫)‪ :(K‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺜﺎﺒﺘـﺔ ﻭﺘﺴـﺎﻭﻱ ‪، 3.45*10‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺴـﻠﻙ ﺴـﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺜﻭﺩ )‪(Cathode‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﺒـ )‪(mpy‬‬
‫ـﻠﻙ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴـﻤﻨﺘﺎﻴﺕ )‪ (Cementite‬ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ ﻴﺴـ‬ ‫)‪ :(W‬ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟـﻭﺯﻥ ﻤﻘـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺩ )‪ (Anode‬ﻓﻴﻤﺜـل ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻻﻴـﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺭﺍﻡ)‪.(g‬‬
‫ﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻔـﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ ﺒﺴـﺒﺏ‬
‫) ‪ :( t‬ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻤﻘﺎﺴﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ )‪.(hr‬‬
‫ﺍﺨــﺘﻼﻑ ﻓــﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﻬــﺩ ﺒــﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻴــﺕ‬
‫)‪ :(ρ‬ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺴﻪ ﺒـ )‪.(g / cm3‬‬
‫)‪ (Cathode‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴــﻤﻨﺘﺎﻴﺕ )‪(Anode‬ﻋﻨــﺩ‬
‫)‪ :(A‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻀﺔ ﻷﻭﺴﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﻤﻌﺎ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻷﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻟﻴﺕ ]‪.[5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻤﻘﺎﺴﻪ ﺒـ )‪.(cm2‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻔﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻫﻭ "ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻻﻴﺕ )‪ (Pearlite‬ﻭﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺒـﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ" ﻭﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤـﺔ‬ ‫‪(2‬‬ ‫ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻭ‬
‫ﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ‪ :‬ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺴﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻭﺴـﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺒﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻜﻤـﺎ ﻫـﻭ ﻤﻭﻀـﺢ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻷﺸـﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻷﺠل ﺘﺴﻬﻴل ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫) ‪ ( 4 ، 3 ، 2‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺼﻭﻻ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻟﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‪ .‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺘﻭﻀﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌـﺩﻻﺕ ﺘﺂﻜـل‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤـﺔ‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻱ ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ‪ :‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗل‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸـﺭﺏ ﻓﻘـﺩ ﺃﻋﻁـﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻬـﺎﺀ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺘﺂﻜل ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒــﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻭﻀــﺤﺔ ﻓــﻲ ﺍﻷﺸــﻜﺎل‬
‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ ﻫـﻲ‬
‫)‪ ( 7 ، 6 ، 5 ، 4 ، 3 ، 2‬ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻫـﻭ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴـﺔ ﻟﻠﺼـﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ )‪ (Cl-‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺇﻥ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺘـﺯﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻱ ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﻁﺎﺭ]‪ ،[1][9‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴـﻊ ﺃﻭﺴـﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜـل ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠـﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠﻔﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴـﺙ ﻅﻬـﺭ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل ﺒﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﻭﻡ )‪(MgCl2‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل ﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﺼـﻠﺏ ) ‪ (0.05 %C‬ﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ )‪(Cl-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗل‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻅﻬﺭ ﺇﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺏ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫) ‪ (0.65 %C‬ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺩﺭﺠﺕ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ )‪ (Cl-‬ﺒﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻤﺎ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴــﺏ ﺍﻷﺨــﺭﻯ ) ‪%C , 0.2 %C‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫‪ (0.5 %C , 0.35‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺘﺼـﺎﻋﺩﻴﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺘﻭﺼﻴﻼ ﻟﻠﻜﻬﺭﺒـﺎﺀ ﻤـﻥ ﻤـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩﺕ ﻤﻌـﺩﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺘﺂﻜـل ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤـﺎ ﻴﺤﻭﻴـﻪ ﻤـﻥ ﺃﻴﻭﻨـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ)‪ .(Cl-‬ﺇﺫ ﺘﻘﻠل ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﻗﻁﺏ ﺍﻻﻨﻭﺩ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﻗﺔ ﺘﻔـﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜـل‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﻘﻁﺎﺏ ] ‪.[19, 2‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻀﻴﺔ)‪ ،(PH‬ﺘﺘـﺄﺜﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﺍﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺇﻥ ﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻀﻴﺔ)‪ (PH‬ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻤﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻋﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ )‪ (PH<6‬ﻓﺎﻟﻭﺴـﻁ ﺤﺎﻤﻀـﻲ ﻭﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻤـﺎ ﻴﻜـﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﻤﺘﻌﺎﺩﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﻴﻤـﺔ )‪، (PH=7‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻋﺩﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ )‪ (PH >8‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻷﻗـل‬
‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼـﻠﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﻗﻴﻤـﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻀﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻭﺴﻁ ﺃﻟﺤﺎﻤﻀﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ )‪(PH<4‬‬
‫ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜـل‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﺘﻜـﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩﻭﺯ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺭﺍﺴﺏ ﺠﻴﻼﺘﻴﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩﻭﺯ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻗﻁﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻴﻭﻨـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﺴـﻴﺩ)‪(OH-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺍﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻋﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻟـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺇﻋﺎﻗـﺔ ﺍﺴـﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ]‪.[2‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺘﺸـﻴﺭ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺃﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﻼﺹ ﺃﻴﻭﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺫﺭﺓ ﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﻤﺱ ﻟﻸﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻟﻴﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﻫـﻭ‬
‫ﺃﺴﻬل ﺒﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻭ ﺤﺩﺙ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻌـﺩ ﻓﺘـﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺒﺏ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺠﻌل ﻤﻥ ﺴﺤﺏ ﺃﻴﻭﻥ ﻤﻭﺠـﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﺒﻔﻌل ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺫﺏ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻭﺒـﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻀـﻌﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋـل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﻴﻘل ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻪ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟـﻭﺯﻥ‬
‫ﻜﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺘﻨﺨﻔﺽ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺒﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل ﻤﻊ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺒﻁﺊ ﺃﻭ ﻀﻌﻑ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻤﻊ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺯﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل ﻋﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺀ‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻥ)ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺤﻤﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ( ﻭﺘﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬
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‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪،28‬اﻟﻌﺪد‪2010،4‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻭﺴﻁ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬ ‫‪(3‬‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬
‫ﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﺸﺩ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻠل ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴـﻁﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻜل‬
‫ﻭﺴﻁ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻟﻪ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ‬ ‫‪(4‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﻁ ﻵﺨﺭ ﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﺍ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﻭﺸﺩﺓ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻩ]‪.[12‬‬
‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫‪(5‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ‪ :‬ﺇﺫ ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘـﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜـل ﻴﻘـل‬
‫ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﺎ ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل) ‪ ، ( 7 ، 6 ، 5‬ﺇﺫ ﻅﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜـل ﻴـﻨﺨﻔﺽ ﺒﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﺯﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺠـﻭﻱ ﻭﻤـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺩﺍ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘـﺭﺓ ﺘﻌـﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل ) ‪ (4‬ﺃﺴﺎﺒﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﺴـﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻗل ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻷﻭﺴـﺎﻁ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜـل )‪ (8‬ﺃﺴـﺎﺒﻴﻊ‪ .‬ﻴﻌـﺯﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻤﻊ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﻁﺊ ﺃﻭ ﻀـﻌﻑ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻤﻊ ﺍﺴـﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻴﻕ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﻘﻠﻴـل‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻤﻊ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟـﺯﻤﻥ ﺤﻴـﺙ‬
‫ﺘﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺃﻗل ﻨﺸﺎﻁﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل ]‪ .[12‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ) ‪ (W/t‬ﻻ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺨﻁﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ـﺎﺭ‬‫ـﺎ ﺃﺸـ‬‫ـﺔ ﻜﻤـ‬ ‫ـﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜـ‬
‫ـﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ]‪ ،[13‬ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻁﺒﻘـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜـل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻌﻴـﻕ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﺒﻤﻌﺩل‬
‫ﺜﺎﺒﺕ] ‪.[18] [5‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻷﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺴﺭﻴﻌﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺴﺠل ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺘﺂﻜل ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻨـﻪ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﺘﻘل ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤـﺫﺍﺏ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺍﺯﺩﻴـﺎﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺯ ﺃﻴﻭﻨـﺎﺕ‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬ 2010،4‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬،28‫اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‬،‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
Corrosion of 0.79C Steel :‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
Tempered in the Range 100 – 700 [1]-Al-Abdullatif Mohammed O.
?C", Journal of Corrosion Science,
M. "Design And Optimization Of
Vol. 23 , pp. 1353–1359, (1983). Cathodic Protection Systems Used
[9]-Corvo F., and Minotas J.,
In Prevention Of Pipelines
"Changes in Atmospheric
Corrosion", PhD. Dissertation.
Corrosion Rate Caused by Chloric
College Of Engineering , Chemical
Ions Depending on Rain Regime",
Engineering Department, King

Saud University, Kingdom Of

Journal of Corrosion Science, Vol.
Saudi Arabia , pp. 21-35, (2007)
47, pp. 883 – 892, (2005).
[2]-Winston R. , Uhlig's Corrosion
[10]-Chotimongkol L., and
Handbook, John Wiley & Sons,
Nakkuntod R., "Atmospheric
Inc., Canada, pp.100-125 ,(2000)
Corrosion of Metallic Building
[3]-William D., and Callister Jr. ,
Materials in Thailand" University Fundamentals of Materials Science
of Thailand, Thailand, pp. 16-55,
and Engineering, John Wiley &
(1999). Sons, Inc., U. S. A. , pp. 205-234,
[11]- Chikh Z. A. , Dermaj A., and
(2001).
Chebabe D., "Electrochemical and [4]-Trethewey K. R., "Corrosion
Analytical Study of Corrosion
Science and Engineering", 2nd
Inhibition on Carbon Steel in HCI Edition, Wesley Longman
Medium" , Journal of Corrosion
Limited, London, U. K. pp. 60-65,
Science, Vol. 47, pp. 447 – 459, (1996).
(2005).
[5]-Wadullah H. Mohamed., "
1. Yunping X., and Zhaohui X.,
Influence Of Heat Treatments on
"Corrosion Effect of Magnesium
The Corrosion Resistance of Plain-
Chloride and Sodium Chloride
Carbon Steels", Msc. Dissertation.
on Automobile Components",
College of Engineering.
University of Colorado, U. S. A.,
Department of Mechanical
Report No. CDOT – DTD–
Engineering , University Of Mosul
R2004 – 4, pp 34-39 ,(2002).
, Iraq. , pp. 16-55, (2006)
2. Vera R., and Rosales B. M. ,
[6]-Batis G., and Rakanta E.,
"Effect of The Exposure Angle
"Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement
in The Corrosion Rate of Plain
Due to Atmospheric Pollution",
Carbon Steel in a Marine Journal of Cement and Concrete
Atmosphere", Journal of
Composite, Vol. 27, pp. 269 – 275,
Corrosion Science ,Vol. 45, pp. (2005).
321 – 337, (2002).
[7]-Raja V. S. Baligidad R. G. ,
3. John F. K. , "Corrosion Control and Shankar Rao V., "Effect of
and Treatment Manual",
Carbon on Corrosion Behavior of
Kennedy Space Center, Revision Fe3 Al Intermetallics in 0.5 N
C – TM – 584 C / Florida, U. S.
Sulphuric Acid", Journal of
A. , pp. 584. ,(1994). Corrosion Science, Vol. 33, pp.
4. Huang R. T. "Corrosion
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Protection of Carago Tanks",
[8]-Tomlinson W. J., and Giles K.,
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"The Microstructures and

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
[9]-Choi K. Y., and Kim S. S.,
"Morphological Analysis and
Classification of Types of Surface
Corrosion Damage by Digital
Image Processing", Journal of
Corrosion Science, Vol. 47, pp.
1 – 15, (2005).
[10]-Stephen C. D. , "Galvanic
Corrosion", University of
Delaware, U. S. A. , pp 54- 59,
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2010،4‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬،28‫اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‬،‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‬
Tokyo, Japan, pp. 883 – 892 ,
(2000).
[11]-Wall F. D., Martinez M. A.,
and Missert N. A., "Characterizing
Corrosion Behavior Under
Atmospheric Conditions Using
Electrochemical Techniques",
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47, pp. 17 – 32, (2005).
[12]- Roger H., "The Prevention of
Corrosion on Structure Steelwork",
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U. S. A., pp. 8o-88, (2001).
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪،28‬اﻟﻌﺪد‪2010،4‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺠﺩﻭل ) ‪ (1‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﺍ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‪.‬‬

‫)‪Composition (%‬‬
‫‪TYPE‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪Si‬‬ ‫‪Mn‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪Cr‬‬ ‫‪Mo‬‬ ‫‪Ni‬‬ ‫‪Cu‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪Fe‬‬

‫‪0.07 0.08 0.09 0.096 0.099‬‬

‫‪0.008 0.012 0.02 0.022 0.005‬‬

‫‪0.37 0.21 0.17 0.06 0.003‬‬

‫‪0.05‬‬

‫‪0.28 0.26 0.23 0.19 0.07‬‬

‫‪0.67 0.56 0.44 0.39 0.12‬‬

‫‪0.01 0.021 0.028 0.03 0.04‬‬

‫‪0.159 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.04‬‬

‫‪0.0‬‬

‫‪0.0‬‬
‫‪Steel 1‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪Bal.‬‬

‫‪0.0‬‬

‫‪0.0‬‬
‫‪Steel 2‬‬ ‫‪Bal.‬‬
‫‪0.35‬‬

‫‪0.013 0.003 0.0‬‬

‫‪0.0‬‬
‫‪Steel 3‬‬ ‫‪Bal.‬‬
‫‪0. 5‬‬

‫‪0.003 0.0‬‬
‫‪Steel 4‬‬ ‫‪Bal.‬‬
‫‪0.65‬‬

‫‪Steel 5‬‬ ‫‪Bal.‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل)‪ :(2‬ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Soaking Temp.‬‬ ‫‪Normalising‬‬

‫‪Carbon content‬‬ ‫)‪(°C‬‬ ‫)‪Temp.(min‬‬
‫‪0.05 % C‬‬ ‫‪910‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪0.2 % C‬‬ ‫‪890‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪0.35 % C‬‬ ‫‪860‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪0.5 % C‬‬ ‫‪820‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪0.65 % C‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول)‪ (3‬ﻣﻌﺪل درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة وﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ وﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺗﺴﺎﻗﻂ اﻷﻣﻄﺎر ﺧﻼل ﻓﺘﺮة اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‪.‬‬

‫‪Total Rainfall‬‬ ‫‪Relatively‬‬ ‫‪Average‬‬ ‫‪Exposure Time‬‬

‫)‪(mm‬‬ ‫)‪Humidity (%‬‬ ‫‪Temperature‬‬ ‫)‪(Week‬‬
‫)‪(0C‬‬
‫‪88‬‬ ‫‪79‬‬ ‫‪6.3‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
‫‪86.4‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪6.9‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
‫‪94‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬ 2010،4‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬،28‫اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‬،‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
.‫( اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﺸﺮب ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ و اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم وﺳﻄﺎً ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻛﻞ‬4 )‫ﺟﺪول‬

ppm
Properties (‫ ﻣﻠﯿﻮن ﺟﺰء‬/ ‫)ﺟﺰء‬
Total Disserved Solids 140
Calcium(Ca+2) 54
Magnesium(Mg+2) 17
Total Hardness 71
Phenolphthalein Alkalinity 0.0
Methyl Orange Alkalinity 131
Sulphates(SO4-2) 131
Silica(SiO3) Silicate
Electrical Conductivity(EC) 0.5 Ds / m
pH 7.3
Chlorides(Cl-) 250
Dissolve Oxygen 8.0

. ‫( ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻭﺴﻁﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻜل‬5)‫ﺟﺪول‬

ppm
Properties (‫ ﻣﻠﯿﻮن ﺟﺰء‬/ ‫)ﺟﺰء‬
Magnesium Chloride(MgCl2) 3% wt.
Total Disserved Solids 140
Calcium(Ca+2) 54
Magnesium(Mg+2) 17
Total Hardness 71
Phenolphthalein Alkalinity 0.0
Methyl Orange Alkalinity 131
Sulphates(SO4-2) 131
Silica(SiO3) Silicate
Electrical Conductivity(EC) 0.5 Ds / m
pH 7.3
Chlorides(Cl-) 250
Dissolve Oxygen 8.0

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪،28‬اﻟﻌﺪد‪2010،4‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬

‫‪Pearlite‬‬ ‫‪Ferrite‬‬ ‫‪Pearlite‬‬ ‫‪Ferrite‬‬

‫)‪a‬‬ ‫)‪b‬‬

‫‪Pearlite‬‬ ‫‪Ferrite‬‬ ‫‪Ferrite‬‬ ‫‪Pearlite‬‬

‫)‪c‬‬ ‫)‪d‬‬

‫‪Pearlite‬‬ ‫‪Ferrite‬‬

‫)‪e‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (1‬ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ) ‪(X 320‬‬
‫‪ (c ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ )‪( 0.35 C%‬‬ ‫‪ (a‬ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ )‪ (b ، ( 0.05 C %‬ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ )‪( 0.2 C%‬‬
‫‪ (d‬ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ )‪ (e ، ( 0.5 C%‬ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ )‪( 0.65 C%‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪،28‬اﻟﻌﺪد‪2010،4‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬

‫‪Atmosphere‬‬ ‫‪Fresh Water‬‬ ‫‪Salt Water‬‬

‫)‪Corrosion Rate (mpy‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0,1‬‬ ‫‪0,2‬‬ ‫‪0,3‬‬ ‫‪0,4‬‬ ‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪0,6‬‬ ‫‪0,7‬‬

‫‪% Carbon‬‬
‫ﺸﻜل ) ‪ : (2‬ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺒﻴﻊ‬

‫‪Atmosphere‬‬ ‫‪Fresh Water‬‬ ‫‪Salt Water‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫)‪Corrosion Rate (mpy‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪0.7‬‬

‫‪% Carbon‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ : (3‬ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺴﺘﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺒﻴﻊ‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪،28‬اﻟﻌﺪد‪2010،4‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬

‫‪Atmosphere‬‬ ‫‪Fresh Water‬‬ ‫‪Salt Water‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫)‪Corrosion Rate (mpy‬‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪0.7‬‬
‫‪% Carbon‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل ) ‪ : (4‬ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺒﻴﻊ‬

‫‪4 weeks‬‬ ‫‪6 weeks‬‬ ‫‪8 weeks‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫)‪Corrosion Rate (mpy‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪0.7‬‬
‫‪% Carbon‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ : (5‬ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﻤل ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪،28‬اﻟﻌﺪد‪2010،4‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫‪4 weeks‬‬ ‫‪6 weeks‬‬ ‫‪8 weeks‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫)‪Corrosion Rate (mpy‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪0.7‬‬
‫‪% Carbon‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ : (6‬ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﻤل ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪4 weeks‬‬ ‫‪6 weeks‬‬ ‫‪8 weeks‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫)‪Corrosion Rate (mpy‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪0.7‬‬
‫‪% Carbon‬‬
‫ﺸﻜل )‪ : (7‬ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﻤل ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬

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