Detecting Infectious

Unhealth
Diseases Immune Immune 2nd Immune
diseases System System pt. 2 Response
Animals

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What is “Disease”
•Any deviation from the normal health of an
animal?
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Name three visual signs of an unhealthy animal
• Body posture
• Off feed & Water
• Isolated
• Sounds
• Trauma
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Name five non-visual signs of an unhealthy animal
• Temperature
• Pulse
• Respiration
• Blood Types & Counts
• Mucous Membranes
• Tissue Culture
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What does TPR stand for?
• Temperature, Pulse, and Respiration
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Name four of the causes of disease we covered
• Germs: Bacteria, viruses, protozoa
• Parasites: worms, insects
• Injury: Handling, Faciliites
• Inherited Genes
• Poor Nutrition
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What is a disease?
• Any condition that causes the systems of plants or
animals to not function properly
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Which type of diseases are contagious
• Infectious Diseases
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Name three examples of Noninfectious diseases
• Injuries
• Poisons/Chemicals
• Poor Nutrition
• Birth Defects
• Other things not caused by living organisms
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What are the three types of infectious pathogens
• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Protozoa
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Name two of the four ways diseases can occur
• Sporadic
• Enzootic
• Epizootic
• Panzootic
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What are the three bacterial shapes
• Cocci (round)
• Bacilli (rod)
• Spiral
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What type of infectious disease can not be cured by
antibiotics & what is the best way to deal with them
• Viruses
• Prevention
• Fluids
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What is one characteristic of protozoa & an example
• Microorganism that cause disease
• Single-celled organisms that are often parasitic
• Trichomoniasis
• Coccidiosis
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Where do most antibiotics come from
• Originate from living sources
• Living sources are molds and fungi
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What’s the name of the dog that transported
penicillin in Alaska?
• Balto
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What is the Immune System
• Several lines of defense in fighting disease
• Physical barriers that keep pathogens out
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What is the first line of defense for the immune
system
• Mucous membranes
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What is the greatest avenue for entry
• Digestive system
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Give an example of a disease that can live in the soil
for a long period of time
• Anthrax (20 years)
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What is the second line of defense
• Blood Cells
• Red & White
• Red- Carries oxygen
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What are Phagocytes
• White Blood cells that destroy pathogens
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What does wBC stand for, and what does an elevated
WBC mean
• White Blood Cell Count
• Indicates disease
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What do lymphocytes do
• Release chemicals that kill pathogens or
inactivate the foreign substance
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What is an antigen
• Substances that cause the release of chemicals
• May be viruses, bacteria, toxins, or other
substances
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What are antibodies
• Chemicals released by lymphocytes to fight
disease
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What is the 2nd Immune response
• Lymphocytes become memory cells
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What is an advantage of 2nd immune response
• Occurs much more quickly
• Lasts longer than primary cells
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What are vaccines
• Live, killed, or weakened strain of disease
• Used to stimulate production of antibodies
• Create immunity without getting sick
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Who was the first person to create vaccines
• Edward Jenner
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What is immunity & what ways can animals get it
• Means an animal is protected from catching
certain diseases
• Born with some, colostrum, exposure, cdntracting
the disease itself