douglas (jed3339) – Homework 09 – yao – (54790) 1

This print-out should have 25 questions. The average power is

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
2
Vrms
the next column or page – find all choices
Pav =
before answering. R
2
Vrms
001 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points R=
Pav
An AC voltage of rms value 413 V and fre- V2
quency 75 Hz is connected across a light bulb = max
2 Pav
with a resistance of 471 Ω.
What is the rms current? (163 V)2
=
2 (33.5 W)
Correct answer: 0.876858 A. = 396.552 Ω .
Explanation:

004 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points

Let : Vrms = 413 V and What maximum current is delivered to a
R = 471 Ω . 2.35 µF capacitor when connected across a
North American outlet having rms voltage
The rms current is 120 V and frequency 60 Hz?
Vrms 413 V
Irms = = = 0.876858 A . Correct answer: 150.347 mA.
R 471 Ω
Explanation:
002 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
What is the maximum current?
Let : C = 2.35 µF = 2.35 × 10−6 F ,
Correct answer: 1.24006 A. Vrms = 120 V , and
Explanation: f = 60 Hz .
The maximum current is
√ √ The rms current is
Imax = 2 Irms = 2 (0.876858 A) = 1.24006 A .
Vrms
Irms = = Vrms 2 π f C ,
XC
003 10.0 points
A lightbulb is connected to a 60 Hz power so the maximum current is
source having a maximum voltage of 163 V. √ √
What is the resistance of the light bulb that Imax = 2 Irms = 2 2 Vrms π f C
√
uses an average power of 33.5 W? = 2 2 (120 V) π (60 Hz)
103 mA
Correct answer: 396.552 Ω. × (2.35 × 10 −6
F) ·
A
Explanation: = 150.347 mA .

Let : Vmax = 163 V and

005 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
Pav = 33.5 W . For the same capacitor, calculate the max-
The rms voltage is imum current for a European outlet having
rms voltage 240 V and frequency 50 Hz.
Vmax 163 V
Vrms = √ = √ = 115.258 V .
2 2 Correct answer: 250.579 mA.
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 09 – yao – (54790) 2
Explanation: In the figure, the capacitance is 233 µF and
the inductance is 3.32 mH. The resistance in
Let : Vrms = 240 V and the top branch is 289 Ω, and in the bottom
f = 50 Hz . branch is 152 Ω. The potential of the power
The maximum current is supply is 20 V (rms).
√ 289 Ω 3.32 mH
Imax = 2 2 Vrms π f C
√
= 2 2 (240 V) π (50 Hz) 20 V
103 mA
× (2.35 × 10−6 F) ·
A 233 µF
152 Ω
= 250.579 mA .

Find the rms current delivered by the power

006 10.0 points supply when the frequency is very large.
The generator in a purely inductive AC circuit
has an angular frequency of 504 rad/s. Correct answer: 0.131579 A.
If the maximum voltage is 202 V and the
inductance is 0.129 H, what is the rms current Explanation:
in the circuit?

Correct answer: 2.19693 A. Let : Rt = 289 Ω ,

Explanation: Rb = 152 Ω ,
C = 233 µF ,
Let : Vmax = 202 V L = 3.32 mH , and
ω = 504 rad/s , and Vrms = 20 V .
L = 0.129 H .
Rt L
The rms voltage is
Vmax C
Vrms = √ , Rb
2
and the inductive reactance is Vrms
XL = 2 π f L = ω L ,
so the rms current is The impedance of the top branch is
Vrms q
Irms = Zt = Rt2 + (ω L)2 .
XL
Vmax
=√
2ωL and of the bottom branch
(202 V)
=√ s
 2
2 (504 rad/s) (0.129 H) 1
Zb = Rb2 + .
= 2.19693 A . ωC

When the frequency is very large, ω L → ∞

007 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points 1
and → 0 . This means that the top
ωC
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 09 – yao – (54790) 3
branch, with the large impedance, carries neg-
ligible current; while the impedance of the 1
3. at the resonant frequency, ω = √
bottom branch reduces to Rb . LC
The current that flows in the power supply 4. at steady DC voltage, ω = 0
and the top branch is
1
Vrms Vrms 20 V 5. both at higher frequecies, √ <ω <
I = Ib = = = LC
Zb Rb 152 Ω 1
∞ , or at lower frequencies, 0 < ω < √
= 0.131579 A . LC
Explanation:
The voltage across Lq is E = IL ZL , where
008 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points the impedance is ZL = XL2 .
Find the rms current delivered by the power Since XL = ω L , the current through the
supply when the frequency is very small. inductor is
Correct answer: 0.0692042 A. E
IL = q .
2
Explanation: (ω L)
When the frequency is very small, ω L → 0 As the frequency ω increases, the current IL
1
and → ∞ . This means that the bottom will decrease.
ωC
branch, with the large impedance, carries neg- The voltage across R and C is E =
ligible current; while the impedance of the top IqRC ZRC , where the impedance is ZRC =
branch reduces to Rt . R2 + XC2 .
The current that flows in the power supply 1
and the top branch is Since XC = , the current through the
ωC
light bulb is
Vrms Vrms 20 V
I = It = = = E
Zt Rt 289 Ω IRC = s  2 .
= 0.0692042 A . 1
R2 +
ωC
As the frequency ω increases, the current IRC
009 10.0 points will also increase.
Since the light bulb is in series with the ca-
The emf E drives the circuit shown below pacitor, it will glow most brightly at a higher
at frequency ω. 1
frequency; i.e., √ < ω < ∞.
LC
E L C
Ilight bulb

1
ω0 =
RC
R
When does the light bulb (with resistance ω
ω0
R) glow most brightly?
010 10.0 points
1
1. at lower frequencies, 0 < ω < √
LC Consider the following circuit. After leav-
1 ing the switch at the position a for a long
2. at higher frequencies, √ < ω < ∞ time, move the switch from a to b. There will
LC
correct be current oscillations.
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 09 – yao – (54790) 4

L
Let : f = 35.3 MHz = 3.53 × 107 Hz , and
C C = 2.21 pF = 2.21 × 10−12 F .
S b
The resonance frequency is
a
E 1
R ω0 = ,
LC
so the inductance is
The maximum current will be given by
1 1
E L= =
1. Imax = ω02 C (2 π f )2 C
R 1
E √ =
2. Imax = LC 2 π (3.53 × 107 Hz)2
R 1

1 µH

r × ·
E C 2.21 × 10−12 F 1 × 10−6 H
3. Imax =
R L = 9.19811 µH .
r
C
4. Imax =E correct
L
r 012 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
E L A hair drier uses 11 A at 114 V. It is used
5. Imax =
R C with a transformer in England, where the line
r
L voltage is 236 V.
6. Imax =E What should be the ratio of the turns of the
C
r transformer (primary to secondary)?
1
7. Imax =E
LC Correct answer: 2.07018.
√
8. Imax = E LC Explanation:
Explanation:
Let : Ve = 236 V and
1 2 1 2 1 V = 114 V .
L Imax = qmax = C E 2
2 2C 2
r The voltage is higher in England, so the trans-
C
Imax = E. former is a step-down transformer.
L
V ∝n
011 10.0 points
so the ratio of turns (primary to secondary) is
An RLC circuit is used to tune a radio to an
FM radio station broadcasting at 35.3 MHz. ne Ve 236 V
The resistance in the circuit is 9.9 Ω, and the r= = = = 2.07018 .
n V 114 V
capacitance is 2.21 pF.
What inductance should be present in the
013 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
circuit?
What current will it draw from the 236 V
line?
Correct answer: 9.19811 µH.
Explanation: Correct answer: 5.31356 A.
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 09 – yao – (54790) 5
Explanation: vector is along the negative y axis (at a point
with a phase difference of 360◦ from the place
Let : I = 11 A . on the velocity (z) axis where the E ~ vector is
drawn).
Energy is conserved, so ~ ×B ~ is along the negative z axis.
Then E
Ps = Pp Therefore, the electromagnetic wave is
traveling left to right.
IV = Ie Ve
015 10.0 points
An electromagnetic wave in vacuum has an
 
IV V
Ie = =I electric field amplitude of 204 V/m.
Ve Ve
I 11 A The speed of light is 3 × 108 m/s.
= = = 5.31356 A . Calculate the amplitude of the correspon-
r 2.07018
dent magnetic field.

014 10.0 points Correct answer: 680 nT.

Consider an electromagnetic wave pattern as
shown in the figure below.
Explanation:
E

Let : E = 204 V/m and

c = 3 × 108 m/s .

B
The relation between the magnitude of the
The wave is electric field and that of the magnetic field for
an electromagnetic wave is
1. a standing wave and is stationary.

2. traveling left to right. correct E = cB,

3. traveling right to left.

Explanation: so the amplitude of the magnetic field is
The E ~ vector and B~ vector are not at the
same point on the velocity axis.
Pick an instant in time, where the E and E 204 V/m 109 nT
B= = ·
B fields are at the same point on the velocity c 3 × 108 m/s T
axis.
= 680 nT .
E
x y
z v
016 10.0 points
B
For instance, let us choose the point where As in class, a radio transmitter drives an
~ vector is along the x axis, as shown in
the E oscillating current back and forth along the z
~
the above figures. At this same instant, the B axis in an antenna wire, as shown below.
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 09 – yao – (54790) 6

z Explanation:
The antenna receives the strongest signal
I
when it is oriented parallel to the electric field
y x
vector, or polarization axis, of the propagat-
ing EM wave. The E-vector of a propagating
EM wave is parallel to the acceleration-vector
V of the source charges (along the antenna in
II
this problem), but must also be perpendic-
ular to the direction of propagation. The
EM radiation reaching antennas II and IV is
therefore polarized parallel to the antennas,
resulting in a strong signal. The EM radia-
tion reaching antennas V and III is polarized
perpendicular to the antennas, resulting in no
signal. The EM radiation reaching antenna
IV I is reduced, because the E-vector mentioned
III above is near zero since the direction of the
transmitter
radiation is along the direction of the trans-
Five linear receiving antennas are posi- mitter.
tioned with their centers at equal distances z
d from the center of the transmitter as follows
I. Horizontal orientation, perpendicular to
the antenna, positioned at d, in the +î
direction. I θ
II. Vertical orientation, parallel to the an-
x-y plane
tenna, positioned at d, in the +k̂ direc-
tion.
III. Horizontal orientation, perpendicular to
the antenna, positioned at d, in the −î
direction. The figure illustrates the intensity of dipole
IV. Vertical orientation, parallel to the an- radiation as a function of azmuthal angle,
tenna, positioned at d, in the −k̂ direc- I ∝ sin2 θ .
tion.
V. Horizontal orientation, perpendicular to 017 10.0 points
the antenna, positioned at d, in the +î Radio stations are usually identified by their
direction. frequency. One radio station in the middle of
Which antennas will receive the strongest the FM band has a frequency of 96.9 MHz.
signal? The speed of light is 2.99792 × 108 m/s.
What is its wavelength?
1. I, II, and IV
Correct answer: 3.09383 m.
2. II, IV, V, and III
Explanation:
3. II and IV correct
Let : f = 96.9 MHz = 9.69 × 10−5 Hz and
4. V and III c = 2.99792 × 108 m/s .

5. I c
λ=
f
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 09 – yao – (54790) 7
2.99792 × 108 m/s 2
Emax
= Iavg = .
9.69 × 10−5 Hz 2 µ0 c
Thus we have
= 3.09383 m . p
Emax = 2 µ0 c Iavg
q
018 10.0 points = 2 (4π × 10−7 T · N/A)
The intensity of sunlight under the clear sky q
is 838 W/m2 . × (2.99792 × 108 m/s)(1230 W/m2 )
How much electromagnetic energy is con- = 962.682 N/C .
tained per cubic meter near the Earth’s sur-
face? The speed of light is 2.99792 × 108 m/s.
020 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
Correct answer: 2.79527 × 10 −6 3
J/m . Find the magnitude of Bm for the electromag-
netic waves at the top of the atmosphere.
Explanation:
Correct answer: 3.21116 × 10−6 T.
Let : I = 838 W/m2 and Explanation:
c = 2.99792 × 108 m/s . The magnitude of Bm for the electormag-
netic waves is
If v is the velocity at which the energy is Emax
transferred (the velocity of the wave), then Bmax =
c
the relationship between the intensity I (en- 962.682 N/C
ergy per unit time per unit area) and the =
2.99792 × 108 m/s
energy density of a wave u is
= 3.21116 × 10−6 T .
I = uc
I 838 W/m2
u= = 021 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
c 2.99792 × 108 m/s Consider the three systems A, B, and C (in
= 2.79527 × 10−6 J/m3 . a perfect vacuum) depicted below. Each con-
sists of a rod suspended by the middle, so that
the rod is free to rotate in the plane of the pa-
019 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points per. At each end of each rod is affixed a piece
The Sun delivers an average power of of glass with one side mirrored and the other
1230 W/m2 to the top of the Earth’s atmo- side black, in the manner shown in each fig-
sphere. ure. The faces of the glass are perpendicular
The permeability of free space is 4π × to the page, and, for example, shading on the
10−7 T · N/A and the speed of light is left side of the schematic means that the left
2.99792 × 108 m/s. vertical face of the glass is black.
Find the magnitude of Em for the electro- Hint: The rods are far enough apart that
magnetic waves at the top of the atmosphere. they do not interfere with one another’s rota-
tion or block one another’s view of the light
Correct answer: 962.682 N/C. source.
Explanation:

Let : µ0 = 4π × 10−7 T · N/A ,

c = 2.99792 × 108 m/s , and
Iavg = 1230 W/m2 . A B C
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 09 – yao – (54790)
If a light source is placed to the right of
these systems, which answer best describes
how they will rotate, if at all?
1. A will not rotate, B will rotate counter-
clockwise, C will rotate clockwise.
2. A will rotate counterclockwise, B, C will
not rotate.
3. None of them will rotate.
4. A will not rotate, B will rotate clockwise,
C will rotate counterclockwise.
8
3. A will not rotate, B will rotate counter-
clockwise, C will rotate clockwise.
4. A will not rotate, B will rotate clockwise,
C will rotate counterclockwise.
5. None of them will rotate.
Explanation:
This time, the stronger force on system A
will be acting to the right on the top of the
rod, so it will still rotate clockwise. B, C
will still not move, by the same argument as
before.

5. A will rotate clockwise, B, C will not 023 10.0 points

rotate. correct A 50 mW laser beam is reflected back upon
itself by a mirror.
Explanation: Calculate the force on the mirror. The
Basic Concept: Radiative momentum speed of light is 2.99792 × 108 m/s.
transferred to absorbing surface.
Note: In the dime-store setup, there is gas Correct answer: 3.33565 × 10−10 N.
inside the glass bulb, in which the rods are
suspended. Light is absorbed on the dark Explanation:
side, heating it up. The thermo excitation of
the gas due to the hotter dark side causes the
dark side to move away from the light source. Let : P = 50 mW = 0.05 W and
This is the opposite direction from that which
c = 2.99792 × 108 m/s .
we expect from the consideration of radiation
pressure of light.
Solution: The momentum transfer to a mir- P
The intensity of the laser is I =
. The
rored surface is twice that of the transfer to A
a black surface for the same intensity, so sys- average momentum per unit area per unit
tem A will have a stronger force acting to the time (force per unit area) is
left on the bottom end of the rod. It will thus
rotate clockwise. The other two systems will ∆p F 2I 2P
= = =
feel an equal force on both ends, so they will ∆t A A c Ac
not rotate. 2P 2 (0.05 W)
F = =
c 2.99792 × 108 m/s

022 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points = 3.33565 × 10−10 N .

If the light source is moved to the left of the
rods, how will they rotate?
1. A will rotate clockwise, B, C will not
rotate. correct
2. A will rotate counterclockwise, B, C will
not rotate.
024 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
Consider 3 polarizers #1, #2, and #3 ordered
sequentially. The incident light is unpolar-
ized with intensity I0 . The intensities after
the light passes through the subsequent polar-
izers are labeled as I1 , I2 , and I3 , respectively
(see the sketch).
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 09 – yao – (54790) 9
1
= I1 .
4
I0 I1 I2 I3 When polarized light passes through a po-
larizer, the transmitted intensity is I2 =
I1 cos2 θ, where θ is the angle between the
polarization of the light (of I1 ) and the orien-
#1 #2 #3
I1
Polarizers #1 and #3 are “crossed” such tation of the polarizer #2. Thus I2 = .
4
that their transmission axes are perpendic-
ular to each other. Polarizer #2 is placed 025 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
between the polarizers #1 and #3 with its What is the final intensity I3 ?
transmission axis at 60 ◦ with respect to the 5
transmission axis of the polarizer #1 (see the 1. I3 = I0
32
sketch).
3
2. I3 = I0
16
60◦ 1
#1 3. I3 = I0
4
#2 4. I3 = 0
#3 1
5. I3 = I0
After passing through polarizer #2 the in- 16
tensity I2 (in terms of the intermediate inten- 1
6. I3 = I0
sity I1 ) is 2
1
 
1 7. I3 = I0
1. I2 = I1 8
8 3
 
1 8. I3 = I0 correct
2. I2 = I1 32
3 Explanation:
After the polarizer #1
 
1
3. I2 = I1  
2 1
I1 = I0 .
4. I2 = I1 2
  After the polarizer #2
1  
5. I2 = I1 correct 2 1
4 I2 = I1 cos (60 ) =
◦
I1 .
  4
3
6. I2 = I1 After the polarizer #3
4
I3 = I2 cos2 (90◦ − 60◦ )
7. None of these.  
3
Explanation: = I2
4
When the light passes through the polarizer   
3 1
#1 it is polarized vertically. Thus the angle = I1
between its polarization and the orientation of 4 4
   
polarizer #2 is θ = 60◦ . Thus the transmitted 3 1 1
= I0
intensity is 4 4 2
3
I2 = I1 cos2 θ = I0 .
32
= I1 cos2 (60◦ )