douglas (jed3339) – Homework 06 – yao – (54790) 1

This print-out should have 24 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page – find all choices
before answering.
001 10.0 points
Resistances of 1.6 Ω, 4.9 Ω, and 5.7 Ω and a
23.5 V battery are all in series.
Find the potential difference across the first
(1.6 Ω) resistor.
Let : I1 = 2.2 A ,
I2 = 1.4 A , and
R2 = 2.1 Ω .
Let the current with R1 be I1 and the cur-
rent with additional resistance R2 be I2 . Then
since the emf is a constant and the internal
resistance of the battery is zero, we have

Correct answer: 3.08197 V.

I1 R1 = I2 (R1 + R2 )
Explanation:
I1 R 1 = I2 R 1 + I2 R 2
I2
R1 = R2
Let : R1 = 1.6 Ω , I1 − I2
R2 = 4.9 Ω , 1.4 A
= (2.1 Ω)
R3 = 5.7 Ω , and 2.2 A − 1.4 A
V = 23.5 V . = 3.675 Ω .

Since the three resistors are in series, the

equivalent resistance is 003 10.0 points
The emf of a battery is E = 12 V . When the
Req = R1 + R2 + R3 , battery delivers a current of 1 A to a load, the
potential difference between the terminals of
and the current through each resistor is the battery is 10 V volts.
Find the internal resistance of the battery.
V V
I= =
Req R1 + R2 + R3 Correct answer: 2 Ω.
Hence the voltage across R1 is Explanation:

R1
V1 = IR1 = V
R1 + R2 + R3 Given : E = 12 V ,
(1.6 Ω)(23.5 V) Vload = 10 V , and
=
1.6 Ω + 4.9 Ω + 5.7 Ω I = 1 A.
= 3.08197 V .
The potential difference across the internal
resistance is E − Vload , so the internal resis-
002 10.0 points tance is given by
A loop circuit has a resistance of R1 and a
current of 2.2 A. The current is reduced to E − Vload
1.4 A when an additional 2.1 Ω resistor is r=
I
added in series with R1 . 12 V − 10 V
What is the value of R1 ? Assume the inter- =
1A
nal resistance of the source of emf is zero.
= 2Ω .
Correct answer: 3.675 Ω.
Explanation: 004 10.0 points
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 06 – yao – (54790) 2
A length of wire is cut into five equal pieces. With 4 lamps in the circuit,
The five pieces are then connected in parallel,
with the resulting resistance being 48.0 Ω. 4V
I = 4 Il =
What was the resistance of the original Rl
length of wire before it was cut up? 4 (130 V)
=
190 Ω
Correct answer: 1200 Ω.
= 2.73684 A .
Explanation:

Let : Req = 48.0 Ω . 006 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points

What is the current when all lamps are on?
For resistors in parallel,
1 1 1 1 1 1 5 Correct answer: 4.10526 A.
= + + + + =
Req R R R R R R Explanation:
R With six lamps in the circuit,
Req =
5
R = 5 Req = 5 (48 Ω) = 240 Ω . 6V
I2 = 6 Il =
Rl
The individual pieces would have been in 6 (130 V)
series to form the original wire, so the original =
190 Ω
resistance was
= 4.10526 A .
Req = R + R + R + R + R = 5 R
= 5 (240 Ω) = 1200 Ω . 007 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
What is the current if six lamps and the heater
are operating?
005 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points Think about this situation with a 12 A fuse
A circuit contains six 190 Ω lamps and a 11 Ω in the line.
heater connected in parallel. The voltage
across the circuit is 130 V. Correct answer: 15.9234 A.
What is the current in the circuit when four
lamps are turned on? Explanation:
With everything on,
Correct answer: 2.73684 A.
I3 = 6 Il + Ih ,
Explanation:
V
where Ih = is the current through the
Rh
Let : Rl = 190 Ω , heater, so
Rh = 11 Ω , and
V = 130 V . 6V V
I3 = +
Rl Rh
For the parallel circuit, the voltage is the same 6 (130 V) 130 V
across each branch and the currents add up. = +
190 Ω 11 Ω
Thus each branch receives V volts so that the
= 15.9234 A .
current for each lamp is
V The current is greater than the 12 A fuse, so
Il = .
R1 it will melt.
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 06 – yao – (54790) 3
Explanation:
008 10.0 points In circuit A, the equivalent resistance is
RA = 4 R, so the electric current through
Four identical light bulbs are connected ei- each bulb is
ther in series (circuit A), or in a parallel-series V
iA =
combination (circuit B), to a constant voltage 4R
battery with negligible internal resistance, as and the power of each bulb is
shown. 2
V2

2 V
PA = I R = R= .
4R 16 R
Thus the total power consumed by all four
E bulbs in circuit A is
Circuit A
V2
PA,T otal = 4 PA = .
4R
In circuit B, the equivalent resistance is
1 1 1 1
= + =
RB 2R 2R R
RB = R ,

E so the electric current through each bulb is

Circuit B V
iB =
Assuming the battery has no internal re- 2R
sistance and the resistance of the bulbs is and the power of each bulb is
temperature independent, what is the ratio of 2
V2

2 V
the total power consumed bycircuit Ato that PB = I R = R= .
PA,T otal 2R 4R
consumed by circuit B; i.e., ?
PB,T otal Thus the total power consumed by all four
P 1 bulbs in circuit B is
1. A = √
PB 8 V2
PA PB,T otal = 4 PB =
2. =1 R
PB and
P PA,T otal PA 1
3. A = 2 = = .
PB PB,T otal PB 4
P
4. A = 4
PB
P
5. A = 8 009 10.0 points
PB The following diagram shows part of an elec-
P 1 trical circuit.
6. A =
PB 16 21 Ω 7Ω
PA 1 A
7. = correct
PB 4
P 1
44 Ω

36 Ω

24 Ω

8. A =
PB 2
P 36 Ω 14 Ω
9. A = 16 B
PB
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 06 – yao – (54790) 4
Find the equivalent resistance Req between Step 4: Finally, Rs is parallel with R7 , so
points A and B of the resistor network.
1 1 1 R7 + R5
= + =
Correct answer: 28 Ω. Req Rs R7 R5 R7
Rs R7
Explanation: Req =
Rs + R7
R5 R2 (77 Ω) (44 Ω)
A =
77 Ω + 44 Ω
= 28 Ω .
R7

R4

R1
R6 R3
010 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
B
Four resistors are connected as shown in
the figure.
Let : R1 = 24 Ω ,
c
R2 = 7 Ω, 64 Ω
R3 = 14 Ω , 21 Ω
a b

33 Ω
R4 = 36 Ω ,
R5 = 21 Ω , 74 Ω
R6 = 36 Ω , and
R7 = 44 Ω . 98 V
d S1
Start from the right-hand side in determining
the equivalent resistances. Find the resistance between points a and b.
Step 1: R1 , R2 , and R3 are in series, so
Correct answer: 37.695 Ω.
R123 = R1 + R2 + R3 Explanation:
= 24 Ω + 7 Ω + 14 Ω c
= 45 Ω . R1 R3

Step 2: R123 is now parallel with R4 , so a b

R2

R4
1 1 1 R123 + R4
= + =
R1234 R4 R123 R123 R4 EB
d S1
R123 R4
R1234 =
R123 + R4
(45 Ω) (36 Ω) Let : R1 = 21 Ω ,
= R2 = 33 Ω ,
45 Ω + 36 Ω
= 20 Ω . R3 = 64 Ω ,
R4 = 74 Ω , and
Step 3: R1234 is in series with R5 and R6 , so
EB = 98 V .
Rs = R1234 + R5 + R6
Ohm’s law is V = I R .
= 20 Ω + 21 Ω + 36 Ω A good rule of thumb is to eliminate junc-
= 77 Ω . tions connected by zero resistance.
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 06 – yao – (54790) 5

R1 or combining the above steps, the equivalent

c R3 resistance is
a
R2
b 
R1 R2

R4 + R3 R4
R1 + R2
Rab =
EB R1 R2
+ R3 + R4
R1 + R2
 
(21 Ω) (33 Ω)
+ 64 Ω (74 Ω)
The parallel connection of R1 and R2 gives 21 Ω + 33 Ω
the equivalent resistance =
(21 Ω) (33 Ω)
1 1 1 R2 + R1 + 64 Ω + 74 Ω
= + = 21 Ω + 33 Ω
R12 R1 R2 R1 R2 = 37.695 Ω .
R1 R2
R12 =
R1 + R2
(21 Ω) (33 Ω)
= 011 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
21 Ω + 33 Ω
What is the current through the 64 Ω resistor?
= 12.8333 Ω .
R12 c R3 Correct answer: 1.27549 A.
a b Explanation:
R4 The voltages across R12 and R3 , respec-
tively, (the voltage between a and b) is
E

Vab = V12 + V3
The series connection of R12 and R3 gives = I (R12 + R3 )
the equivalent resistance = I R123 .
R123 = R12 + R3
= 12.8333 Ω + 64 Ω where I = I12 = I3 is the current through
= 76.8333 Ω . either resistor R12 or R3 . Hence, the current
R123 through R3 is

a b Vab
R4 I3 =
R12 + R3
EB Vab
=
R123
98 V
=
The parallel connection of R123 and R4 76.8333 Ω
gives the equivalent resistance = 1.27549 A .
1 1 1 R4 + R123
= + =
Rab R123 R4 R123 R4
R123 R4 012 10.0 points
Rab =
R123 + R4
(76.8333 Ω) (74 Ω) The resistance between points a and e drops
=
76.8333 Ω + 74 Ω to one-half its original value when the switch
= 37.695 Ω . S2 is closed.
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 06 – yao – (54790) 6

c With the switch closed,

Ω 18 Ω c
137 R2
R1
a b
18 Ω S2 Ω a b
137 R3 S2
R4
E
e S1 d R
E
e S1 d R
Find the value of R.
R1 and R3 are in parallel, so
Correct answer: 13.8613 Ω. 
1 1
−1
Explanation: R13 = +
R1 R3
 −1
1 1
= + = 15.9097 Ω .
Let : R1 = 137 Ω , 137 Ω 18 Ω
R2 = 18 Ω , R2 and R4 are in parallel, so
R3 = 18 Ω , 
1 1
−1
R4 = 137 Ω , and R24 = +
R2 R4
1 −1
Req,c = Req,o .

1 1
2 = + = 15.9097 Ω .
18 Ω 137 Ω
With the switch open,
R, R13 and R24 are in series, so
c
R2 Req,c = R + R13 + R24 .
R1
The new resistance is one-half the original, so
a b
S2 1
R3 R4 R + R13 + R24 = (R + R1234 )
2
2R + 2R13 + 2R24 = R + R1234
E
e S1 d R
R = R1234 − 2R13 − 2R24
R1 and R2 are in series, so = 77.5 Ω − 2(15.9097 Ω) − 2(15.9097 Ω)
R12 = R1 + R2 = 137 Ω + 18 Ω = 155 Ω . = 13.8613 Ω .

R3 and R4 are in series, so

013 10.0 points
R34 = R3 + R4 = 18 Ω + 137 Ω = 155 Ω .
Consider the resistor network shown.
R12 is in parallel with R34 , so 8.6 Ω
1 1 1 R34 + R12
= + =
R1234 R12 R34 R12 R34
Ω

R12 R34 (155 Ω) (155 Ω)

8.6 Ω
35 V

.2

R1234 = =
17

R34 + R12 155 Ω + 155 Ω

= 77.5 Ω .
8.6 Ω

Req,o = R + R1234 .
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 06 – yao – (54790) 7
At what rate is thermal energy being gen-
erated in the 17.2 Ω resistor in the center of 014 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
the circuit?
The circuit below shows four identical bulbs
Correct answer: 17.8052 W. connected to an ideal battery, which has neg-
ligible internal resistance.
Explanation:
R
S

2R C

A D

R
E

B
R E

When the switch is closed, rank the bulbs

The resistors R on the right and on the in order from brightest to dimmest.
bottom are in series, and this combination is
parallel with the 2 R resistor on the diagonal. 1. A = D > B = C correct
The equivalent resistance of the above three
resistors is 2. D > C > B > A
1 1 1
= + 3. A = B = C > D
R ′ 2R 2R
R′ = R .
4. A > B > C > D
The equivalent resistance of the entire circuit
is 5. A = B = C = D
Req = R + R = 2 R .
6. D > B = C > A
From Ohm’s Law, a current
7. A > B = C > D
E
Itot =
2R 8. A = B > D = C
flows through this equivalent circuit. This
implies that a current 9. A = C > D > B

Itot E 10. B = C > A = D

I= =
2 4R Explanation:
From the figure, the total resistance of the
flows through the 2 R resistor on the diagonal R 5R
so the power dissipated by the 2 R resistor is circuit is 2 R + = . Then
2 2

E
2
E2 V 2 V V
2
P = I (2 R) = 2R = IA = ID = = = 0.4
4R 8R 5R 5 R R
2
(35 V)2
= = 17.8052 W . 1 1V V
8 (8.6 Ω) IB = IC = IA = = 0.2
2 5R R
You may also arrive at this answer by con- The rankings of the currents are also the
sidering the voltage across the 2 R resistor. corresponding rankings of the brightness.
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 06 – yao – (54790) 8
This is to be compared with the case that
015 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points the switch is closed, where from previous part,
Suppose a switch has been added to the circuit
as shown. The switch is initially closed. V V
IA = ID = 0.4 and IB = 0.2 .
R R
S So for the present case, IA and ID decrease
and IB increases.
C
A D 016 10.0 points

B In this problem assume that the batteries

E
have zero internal resistance. The currents
are flowing in the direction indicated by the
When the switch is opened, what happens arrows.
to the currents through bulbs A, B, and D? 9V
9.9 Ω
1. IA remains the same, IB decreases, ID
remains the same I1

I2 20.2 Ω
2. IA increases, IB remains the same, ID
increases.
18.3 V
3. IA remains the same, IB increases, ID I3
remains the same.

4. IA increases, IB decreases, ID increases.
5. IA increases, IB increases, ID increases.
6. IA decreases, IB remains the same, ID
decreases.
Find the current through the 9.9 Ω resistor
and the 9 V battery at the top of the circuit.
Correct answer: 2.75758 A.
Explanation:

7. IA decreases, IB decreases, ID de-

Let : R1 = 9.9 Ω ,
creases.
R2 = 20.2 Ω ,
8. IA remains the same, IB remains the E1 = 9 V , and
same, ID remains the same. E2 = 18.3 V .

9. IA decreases, IB increases, ID decreases. E1

correct R1

10. IA increases, IB remains the same, ID I1

decreases. R2
I2
Explanation:
With the switch open, the total resistance
of the circuit is 3 R, so E2
I3
V V
IA = IB = ID = = 0.33 .
3R R
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 06 – yao – (54790) 9
At the nodes,
3. E1 − E2 − i2 r2 + i1 r1 = 0
I1 − I2 − I3 = 0 . (1)
4. E1 + E2 + i2 r2 − i1 r1 = 0
Pay attention to the sign of the battery and
the direction of the current in the figure. Us- 5. E1 + E2 − i2 r2 + i1 r1 = 0
ing the lower circuit in the figure,
6. E1 − E2 − i2 r2 − i1 r1 = 0
E 2 + I2 R 2 = 0 (2)
7. E1 − E2 + i2 r2 + i1 r1 = 0
Then, for the upper circuit

E 1 − I2 R 2 − I1 R 1 = 0 (3) 8. E1 − E2 − i1 r2 + i2 r1 = 0
E1 + E2
E1 + E2 − I1 R1 = 0I1 = 9. E1 − E2 − i1 r2 − i2 r1 = 0
R1
9 V + 18.3 V 10. E1 + E2 − i2 r2 − i1 r1 = 0
=
9.9 Ω
Explanation:
= 2.75758 A . Applying Kirchoff’s loop rule, the sum of
the potential differences across all the ele-
Alternate Method: Using the outside ments around a closed circuit loop is zero. If
loop a resistor is traversed in the direction of the
current, the change in potential is −i R . If
−E1 − E2 + I1 R1 = 0 (4) an emf source is traversed from the − to +
E1 + E2 terminals, the change in potential is +E .
I1 = .
R1 Thus
ABCDA : E1 − E2 + i2 r2 − i1 r1 = 0 .
017 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
018 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
Consider the circuit shown below. There
are three resistors r1 , r2 , and R; and two emfs 5V
A 4.7 Ω B
E1 and E2 . The directions of the currents i1 ,
i2 , and i3 are shown in the figure. i1
r1 E1
A B E 1.7 Ω F
A
i1 i3
5V
E R F D 4.7 Ω C
A
i3 i2
r2 E2 Find the current i3 .
D C
i2 Correct answer: 1.23457 A.
Applyying Kirchhoff’s rules, what equation Explanation:
does the loop ABCDA yield? E1 = E2 and r1 = r2 implies i1 = i2 , so the
junction rule yields
1. E1 − E2 + i2 r2 − i1 r1 = 0 correct i1 + i2 = 2 i2 = i3
i3
2. E1 + E2 + i2 r2 + i1 r1 = 0 i2 = .
2
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 06 – yao – (54790) 10
Applying the loop equation DCF ED either the upper u or lower ℓ part of the circuit
must be the same:
i3
E2 − i3 R − r2 = 0
2 Vx − Vu = Iu R1 (1)

Vx − Vℓ = Iℓ R3 (2)
E2 5V
i3 = = = 1.23457 A . Vu − Vy = Iu R2 (3)
r2 4.7 Ω
R+ 1.7 Ω +
2 2 Vℓ − Vy = Iℓ Rx (4)
Setting the potential across the ammeter
019 10.0 points
equal Vu = Vℓ , i.e., Eq. 1 = 2 and Eq. 3 = 4),
we have
The following diagram shows a closed elec-
trical circuit. The ammeter in the center of
Iu R 1 = Iℓ R 3 and Iu R 2 = Iℓ R x , so
the resistive network reads zero amperes.

8Ω 4Ω Iu R3 Rx
= =
Iℓ R1 R2
14 Ω A R2 R3 (4 Ω) (14 Ω)
Rx Rx = = = 7Ω .
R1 8Ω
E
S1 020 10.0 points

Find the electric resistance Rx . An emf of 10 V is connected to a series RC

circuit consisting of a 2.1 × 106 Ω resistor and
Correct answer: 7 Ω. a 2.8 µF capacitor.

Explanation:
u 2.8 µF
2.1 × 106 Ω
R1 R2
x Iu Iu y 10 V
0A

R3 IA S
Rx
Iℓ Iℓ
E
ℓ S1
Find the time required for the charge on
the capacitor to reach 96% of its final value.

Let : R1 = 8 Ω , Correct answer: 18.927 s.

R2 = 4 Ω , and
Explanation:
R3 = 14 Ω .

If the ammeter reads zero IA = 0 A, the two Let : R = 2.1 × 106 Ω

ends of the ammeter should be equipotentials:
C = 2.8 µF = 2.8 × 10−6 F
VuA = VℓA .
This means that the potential drop from E = 10 V , and
x or y to each side of the ammeter through p = 0.96 .
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 06 – yao – (54790) 11

From Q = Qmax (1 − e−t/τ ), where τ = R C, Thus we have, for q0 = qi and q = qf ,

we get
t
Q R=  
p= = 1 − e−t/τ qi
Qmax C ln
qf
e−t/τ = 1 − p (3.8 s)
−t =
= ln(1 − p) (1.74 × 10−6 F) ln (2)
τ
t = −τ ln(1 − p) = 3.15071 × 106 Ω .
= −R C ln(1 − p)
= − 2.1 × 106 Ω 2.8 × 10−6 F



022 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
× ln(1 − 0.96)
= 18.927 s . The switch has been open for a long period
of time.

021 10.0 points R2

Dielectric materials used in the manufacture
of capacitors are characterized by conductiv- C
ities that are small but not zero. Therefore,
a charged capacitor slowly loses its charge by V
“leaking” across the dielectric. R1 S
If a certain 1.74 µF capacitor leaks charge
such that the potential difference decreases
Immediately after the switch is closed, the
to half its initial value in 3.8 s, what is the
current supplied by the battery is
equivalent resistance of the dielectric?
V
Correct answer: 3.15071 × 106 Ω. 1. I0 = . correct
R1
Explanation: V
2. I0 = .
R1 + R2
V
Let : t = 3.8 s and 3. I0 = .
R2
C = 1.74 µF = 1.74 × 10−6 F .
4. I0 = 0 .
By using q = C V , we immediately find out
that when the potential across the capacitor V (R1 + R2 )
5. I0 = .
is halved, the charge on the capacitor is also R1 R2
halved; i.e.,
qf 1 Explanation:
= . Before the switch is closed, there is no
qi 2
charge on the capacitor, so the voltage is zero
Also note that the charge drop has time de- across the capacitor at this time. Because it
pendence as is not possible to change the charge on the
capacitor like a step function (or the current
q = q0 e−t/RC .
should be infinitely large), immediately after
Solving for R yields the switch is closed, the voltage across the ca-
pacitor (and R2 ) is still zero. Therefore, the
t voltage across R1 is V ; i.e., think of the ca-
R=  .
q0 pacitor as being a short-circuit for this instant
C ln
q of time.
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 06 – yao – (54790) 12
So the current supplied by the battery, Find the charge on the 4 µF capacitor.
which is the same as the current going through
V Correct answer: 31.7333 µC.
R1 , is I0 = .
R1
Explanation:
023 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
A long time after the switch has been closed,
the current I∞ supplied by the battery is Let : R1 = 7 Ω,
R2 = 7 Ω,
V
1. I∞ = . rin = 1 Ω,
R1
V = 17 V , and
V
2. I∞ = . C = 4 µF .
R2
V (R1 + R2 ) The equivalent resistance of the three resistors
3. I∞ = .
R1 R2 in series is
V
4. I∞ = . correct Req = R1 + R2 + rin
R1 + R2
5. I∞ = 0 . =7 Ω+7 Ω+1 Ω
= 15 Ω ,
Explanation:
After a long time, the capacitor has been V
charged and remained stable. That means so the current in the circuit is I = , and
Req
the current going through R1 is the same as the voltage across R2 is
the current going through R2 ; i.e., think of
the capacitor as being a open-circuit for this R2 7Ω
V2 = I R2 = V = (17 V)
time. Req 15 Ω
So we can write down the equation = 7.93333 V .
V = I∞ R 1 + I∞ R 2 , Since R2 and C are parallel, the potential
which gives the current I∞ as difference across each is the same, and the
charge on the capacitor is
V
I∞ = .
R1 + R2 Q = C V2 = (4 µF) (7.93333 V)
= 31.7333 µC .
024 10.0 points

In the figure below the battery has an emf

of 17 V and an internal resistance of 1 Ω .
Assume there is a steady current flowing in
the circuit.
17 V
1Ω

7Ω 7Ω

4 µF