THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENT’S ABILITY

IN IDENTIFYING PARTS OF SPEECH AND THEIR ACHIEVEMENT

IN TRANSLATION FOR LEGAL DOCUMENT

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

DurotunNasiqah
932218516

STATE ISLAMIC INSTITUTE (IAIN) OF KEDIRI

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

2019
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background of The Study

Language as a means of communication has an important role in education

and culture. Language used to express their information, ideas, thoughts, feeling
mind, and to develop science technology and culture. It is no matter to communicate
in a group of people which use a writing or even they speak each other directly.
Everybody has thier own language and accent in communicating with their
environtment. Besides, every country has second language as a tool to communicate
with foreigner. Realizing the importance of mastering a second language, our
government chooses English to be introduced as a foreign language in our country,
especially in all colleges English must be available as one of their majors. English
include all of lesson such as English skill (reading, writing, listening, speaking);
English components (grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation); included also translation.

Translation is one of the major that becomes a specialization course started

from forth semester in IAIN Kediri. The term translation itself has several meanings:
it can refer to the the general subject field, the product (the text that has been
translated) or the process (the act of producing the translation, otherwise known as
translating). The process of translation between two different written languages
involves the translator changing an original written text (the source text) in the
original verbal language (the source language) into a written text (the target text) in
different verbal language (the target language) (Munday, 2008). So that, the students
are commanded to be able to translate some texts, paragraphs, or even conversations.

In translating, the students have to be careful in their written or their spoken.

Every writing and speaking have structures, included part of speech. Part of speech is
also referred to as word class belongs to the grammatical class of grammar (Boaner,
2018). They categorise or distribute every word that exists in the English Language
into a grammatical family based on shared structural attributes or features; as words in
the same class behave in the same way differently from words in another class. So, as
the students of translation class have to know the structures of grammar include part
of speech to be easy in translating something.

The problem arise when the students are still confused about the structures of
grammar itself. Sometimes, some of them knowing about their mistake and some are
 either. It is due to some factors such as their mistake in grammatical structures, less
vocabulary, the place of part of speech, etc. While their understanding in grammatical
structures have an effect in their translation achievement, especially in translation for
legal document. In this research, would like to discuss about the correlation between
students’achievement and their abilty in grammatical structures, especially in
identifying parts of speech.

B. Research Question
1. How could the students in identifying parts of speech in a legal document?
2. How is the student’s achievement in translation for legal document document?
3. Is there any correlation between the students’ ability in identifying parts of
speech and students’ achievement in translation for legal document ?
C. Objective of the Study
Based on the research question, the objective of the study are to find out:
1. To find out how the students could identify parts of speech in a legal
document.
2. To find out how the student’s achievement in translation for legal document.
3. To prove that the students’ ability in identifying parts of speech and students’
translation for legal document achievement correlate each other.
D. Scope and Limitation of the Study

The scope of this study is on the students’ ability in identifying parts of speech
and students’ translation achievement in the translation for legal document class in
IAIN Kediri. The limitation of this study is to identify that there is correlation
between the students’ ability in identifying part of speech and students’ translation
achievement in translation for legal document class.

E. Significance of the Study

The significance of the study is to remind everybody especially for the
students that is important to understanding in a legal document, which include parts of
speech. It can give positif effect in translating something.
F. Definition of Key Term
Definition of key terms is very important. It aims to avoid misunderstanding
and misinterpretation of words in this study. The writer defines of the following
essential terms as follows:
 a. Parts of Speech
Based on Meriam Webster, part of speech means a traditional class of
words (such as adjectives, adverbs, nouns, and verbs) distinguished according
to the kind of idea denoted and the function performed in a sentence
b. Translation
Translation is general term referring to the transfer of thoughts and
ideas from one language (source) to another (target), whether the languages
are in written or oral form, whether the languages have established
orthographies or do not have such standardization, or whether one or both
languages are based on signs, as with sign languages of the deal (Brislin,
1976:1).
c. Legal Document
Based on Collins dictionary legal document is a document concerning
a legal matter; a document drawn up by a lawyer.
d. Translation for Legal Document
Translation for Legal Document is one of course that is doing by sixth
semester of English Department in IAIN Kediri.

II. THEORITICAL REVIEW

Considering the statement of the problems explained above, the researcher
presents the related literature about part of speech, translation theory, and
documents theory.
1. Parts of Speech
a. Definition of Parts of Speech
The words that form the central core of sentence – around which all the
other words “cluster” – are the parts of speech known as nouns (or pronouns) and
verb; the words that modify the central core words are the parts of speech called
adjectives and adverbs; the words that show a particular kind of connecting
relationship between these four parts of speech are called prepositions and
conjunctions. The sentence may be further divided according to the function each
word has in the subject-predicate relationship. Each of these functions is
classified as different parts of speech (Frank, 1972)
b. Kinds of Part of Speech
1. Noun
A noun is a word that names of person, place, or thing. Nouns come in
these varieties: common nouns, compound nouns, and collective nouns
(Rozakies, 2003).
a. Common nouns; name any one of a class of person, place, or thing.
Example: girl, city, food.
b. Proper nouns; name a specific person, place, or thing. Proper nouns are
always capitalized. Example: Barbara, New York City, Rice-a-Roni.
c. Compound nouns are two or more nouns that function as a single unit. A
compound noun can be two individual words, words joined by a hyphen,
or two words combined. Example: time capsule (individual words), great-
uncle (hyphenated words), basketball (combine words).
d. Collective nouns; name groups of people or things. Example: audience
family herd crowd.

2. Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun (Sargeant, 2007).
Also, pronoun usually takes place a group of noun. In brief, in a sentence
those pronouns have a function as a substitution of noun, or amounts of noun.
It is same with what has been said by Rozakies on his book English Grammar
for Utterly Confused that a pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or
another pronoun. Pronouns help you to avoid unnecessary repetition in your
writing and speech.
There are some kinds of pronouns. They are personal pronoun,
possessive pronoun, relative pronoun, demonstrative pronoun, reflexive
pronoun, interrogative pronoun, and indefinite pronoun.
a. Personal Pronouns
Personal pronoun refers to a specific person, place, object, or thing.

Singular Plural
First person I, me, mine, my we, us, our, ours
Second
you, your, yours you, your, yours
person
Third person he, him, his, she, her, hers, it they, them, their, theirs, its
b. Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns show ownership. The possessive pronouns are;
mine, your, yours, his, hers, its, ours, their, theirs.
c. Reflexive pronouns
Reflexive pronouns add information to a sentence by pointing back to
a noun or pronoun near the beginning of the sentence. Reflexive pronouns
end in -self or -selves.
d. Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns direct attention to a specific person, place, or
thing. There are only four demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these, those.
e. Relative Pronouns
Relative pronouns begin a subordinate clause. There are five relative
pronouns: that, which, who, whom, those.
f. Interrogative Pronouns
Ask a question. They are: what, which, who, whom, whose.
Example: Who would like to cook dinner? Which side does the fork go
on?
g. Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns refer to people, places, objects, or things without
pointing to a specific one. The most common indefinite pronouns are listed
in the table below.

Singular Plural Singular or Plural

Another Both All
Anyone Few Any
Each Many More
Everyone Others Most
Everybody Several None
Everything Some
Much
Nobody
Nothing
Other
 Someone
Anybody
Anything
Either
Little
Neither
No one
One
Somebody
Something

3. Verb
Verb carry a great deal of information; they describe actions, events,
and states a place these in a time frame; they tell us whether actions or events
have been completed or are in going; they tell us whether a state is current or
resultative; they allow us to command, to request, to speculate, to wish, and
to predict.
Just as nouns refer to the actors and things in our world, verbs allow us
to express states, events, and actions involving these actors and things. This
encompasses a very broad range of meanings, but all verbs share one
characteristic, they encode information about time. Some verbs describe
actions that are by their very nature constrained in terms of time. Some verbs
also indicate that an action has begun or has ended.
The verb follows the subject in a declarative sentences; it generally
shows the action of the sentence. The verb may be a verb phrase. A phrase
consists of one or more auxiliaries and one main verb. The auxiliaries always
precede the main verb (Pyle & Munoz, 2002).
The action verbs can be transitive or intransitive verbs. Transitive is
the verb that needs an object, and intransitive does not need an object.
Example:
Transitive verbs Intransitive verbs
My mother buys a book The baby cries
He kicked the ball The sun rises in the morning
4. Adjective
The adjective is a modifier that has the grammatical property of
comparison (Frank, 1972). Rozakies says in her book The Complete Idiot’s
Guide to Grammar and Style adjective is words that describe nouns and
pronouns. They are the color commentators of language. Adjective answers
the questions “What kind?”, “How much?”, “Which one?” and “How many?”.
Example: What kind? Red skirt, gold ring
Adjective can sometimes be identified by their derivational suffixes, i.e
the endings that adjectives from other parts of speech.
Noun to adjective Verb to adjective
Hunger  hungry To select  selective
Metal  metallic To inflate  inflatable
Beauty  beautiful To harm  harmless
Fool  foolish

5. Adverb
Adverb is to describe of how the verb to be acted. Anne Seaton says in
her book Basic English Grammar (2007) adverb (quickly, here, now, always,
very, obviously) can be considered as added intensifiers or even “decoration”
to the required basic sentence elements, supplementing them with important
pieces of information. Adverbs also appear in multi-word phrases and can also
be expanded into adverbial clauses which function similarly. It tells you about
an action, or the way something is done. Generally, those are added to indicate
such meaning the action of the verb as time and place. They consist of adverb
of frequent such as often, seldom, never; adverb of manner, such as rapidly,
quickly; adverb of place such as here, there, outside; and adverb of time such
as tonight, this morning.

6. Preposition
Preposition function as the head of prepositional phrases. Prepositional
may consist of only one word (e.g: on, at, in, inside), or more than one word
(e.g: in relation to, with respect to, because of, in favor of, in aid of). These
multi-word prepositions are ‘frozen’ units, which have become single lexical
item (Wekker&Haegeman, 1989).
 7. Conjunction
Conjunction is a small category of function words (and, or, and but)
those conjoin like elements within the sentence or conjoin two or sentences.
Conjunctions serve to link sentences / clauses, or phrases. They may consist of
only one word (and, but, or, that, if, etc.) or more than one word (so that, in
order that, as soon as etc.).
According to Herman Wekker and Liliane Haegeman (2007),
conjunction may also be subdivided into coordinators (and, but, or, for, etc.)
and subordinators (that, if, although, so that, as soon as, etc.)

2. Translation
Peter Newmark is in the prior position to give statement because he is the
main figure in the founding of translation studies. He states translation is rendering
the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the
text (1988). Semantic translation is personal and individual, follows the thought
processes of the author, tends to over-translate, pursues nuances of meaning, yet aims
at concision in order to reproduce pragmatic impact while communicative translation
is social, concentrates on the message and the main force of the text, tends to under
translate, to be simple, clear and brief, and is always written in a natural and
resourceful style (Newmark, 1988).
According to Nida and Taber (1982:12), translating consists in reproducing in
the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of a source language message,
firstly in terms of style.
From journal titled Common Errors Committed in Translating (not only) Legal
Documents by Miroslav Bazlik that is quoted by Pratiwi (2017), in translating text
there must complete some categories, those are:
1. Appropriateness
Translated text should have the some informational content as the source text. The
reader should get the same information not necessarily rendered by the same type
of linguistic means. Apart from that such translated information should be usable
for the same purpose as the original.
2. Conceptual Adequacy
 The terminology used should cover the same semantic area. Because the system in
one language to others is different in named something, thus to solve the problem
there must be footnote given.
3. Grammatical Correctness
The grammar must be correct. Because in each structure of a text have different
meaning.
4. Stylistic Adequacy
Repeating some noun often happened in source text. When translating it, the
translators tend to use synonym, hyponym, pronoun, etc. to avoid ambiguity.
5. Correct Spelling
When we used tool to translate such as dictionary in mobile phone, when we say a
word which we want to know the meaning then we are wrong in spell it, caused
the information get is different.
6. Geographical Quality
The text should have a visual appearance corresponding to the normal appearance
of texts of a similar type. For example, a short story text should have the lay-out
that short story normally have, etc.
3. Legal Document
4. Translation for Legal Document

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design
Research design is the procedure details of a study by which a researcher
collects data, and which offers some level of control ever the research situation. In
this term, the research use quasi experimental method. This research has a goal to
know the correlation between student’s ability in identifying parts of speech and their
achievement in translation for legal document, exactly in IAIN Kediri.
B. Data Source
The data source of this research is student’s achievement in translation for
legal document which is one of major English Departement. The students of this class
are 35 EFL students. The researcher can get the data by asking the student’s
assasment to the lecturer. Then, following by giving a test to the students.
C. The Instrument of The Reasearch
The instrument of this research consist of one test to know about their
achievement in translation for document. Before doing the test, the researcher asks
student’s assasment from the lecturer. Then the researcher consult the task of the test
to lecturer about both of true or false of the answer key. After consulting and getting
correction, the researcher give the test that related to parts of speech to the students of
translation class. Next, the researcher compares student’s answer with the right
answer key. Finnaly, the researcher can get the result of the test and the reearcher can
prove about this study.
D. Data Collection
The data is collected from the students of English Departement in translation
class which learn about legal document in IAIN Kediri. The researcher collects the
data from the result of the test. From this test, the researcher will count it to get the
result of the data.
The test is used to know the significance of correlation between student’s
ability in identifying parts of speech and their achievement in translation for legal
document class. The researcher give one test in this part, it uses for proving that
between student’s ability in identifying parts of speech and their achievement in
translation for legal document have any correlation. After doing the test, the
researcher will count the result of the test using t-test formula to know which is group
that get best score of the test.
E. Data Analysis
Data analysis is formulated to answer the questions in the research problem.
When the researcher get the result of the test, the researcher start to identify about
student’s ability in identifying parts of speech. The reseacher can see student’s
assessment in sixth semester, then the researcher is going to compare the result of the
test with their assessment in the sixth semester.
The process of comparing student’s ability in identifying parts of speech and
their achievement in translation of legal document is based on the task with right
answer for the researcher has consulted with the lecturer before. Aftering correcting
and comaparing the student’s test, the researcher will know about their achievement
in translation for legal document especially through seeing their ability in identifying
parts of speech.
IV. REFERENCES

Boaner, J. (2018). Grammar: All Parts of Speech and Their Examples. http://
akademia.com.ng/parts-of-speech/.

Brislin, R.W. (1976). Translation: Application and Research. New York: Garden
Press, Inc.

Frank, M. (1972). Modern English: A Practical Reference Guide. USA; Prentice-hall,

Inc.
Munday, J. (2008). Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Aplication second
edition. USA and Canada; Routledge.
Newmark, P. (1988). Approaches to Translation. Singapore; Prentice-hall.
Nida, E. & Taber, C. R. (1969). The Theory And Practice of Translation. Netherlands;
E.J. rill, Leiden.
Pratiwi, M. D. (2017). Errors in Translating Idioms Made by Students of English
Department in 3rd Year Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya.
Thesis.
Pyle, M.A. & Munoz, M. E. (2002). Cliffs TOEFL Preparation Guide. New Delhi;
Nice Printing press.
Rozakies, L. (2003). English Grammar for Utterly Confused. New York:
TheMcGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Sargeant. (2007). Basic English Grammar Book 2. USA; Saddleback Educational
Publishing.
Seaton, A. (2007). Basic English Grammar Book 1. USA; Saddleback Educational
Publishing.
Wekker, H. & Haegeman, L. (1989). A Modern Course in English Syntax. London;
Routledge.