REPORTED SPEECH OR INDIRECT SPEECH

Untuk mengubah suatu kalimat langsung(Direct Speech) menjadi kalimat tidak

langsung (Indirect/reported Speech) yang berbentuk:
I. Perintah(command), permintaan (request), dan larangan ( prohibition)
memerlukan aturan sbb:
1) Tanda baca seperti: tanda petik, koma, tanya, dan kata penghalus, seperti
"please" ditiadakan dan diganti dengan tanda titik.
2) Kata ganti disesuaikan dengan makna kalimat.
3) Reported/introductory verbnya ditempatkan di awal kalimat
4) Keterangan waktu dan keterangan tempat diubah(tertentu) sbb:

Direct Indirect
now - then
tomorrow - the following day/ the next day
next week - the following week
tonight - that night
today - that day
yesterday - the day before
The day after tomorrow - In two days’ time
last night - the night before
last week - the week before/the precious week
here - there
this - that
these - those
a week/ year - a week/year before
5) Menggunakan invinitive (kata kerja bentuk pertama) yang didahului
dengan kata”to” yang berarti "untuk"

Examples:
1) D.S: He said to me, "Turn the light off.
I.S: He told/ordered/asked/commanded me to turn the light off.
2) "Open page ten now," the teacher said to us.
The teacher told us to open page ten then.
3) D.S: "Don't drive the car too fast," she said.
I. S: She asked me not to drive the car too fast.
4) D.S: "No, Spitting in this room!" The regulation says.
I. S: The regulation says not to spit in that room.

II. Statement (kalimat berita/pernyataan)

Aturan yang digunakan untuk mengubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak
langsung yang adalah:
1) Menggunakan semua aturan pada angka ) di atas (command) kecuali
pada point 05)
2) Ditambahkan dengan kata “that” yang berarti "bahwa" (optional)
 3) Mengubah tensesnya,( jika reported verbnya dalam bentuk past), sbb:
Perubahan Tenses
Direct Indirect
Simple present - simple past
Simple past - past perfect
Present perfect - past perfect
Present continuous - past continuous
Present perfect continuous - past perfect continuous
Simple future - past future

Examples:
1) D.S: "This book costs one dollar", he said.
I.S: He said (that) that book cost one dollar.
2) D.S: She said, "I am eating now."
I.S: She said (that) she was eating then.
3) D.S: He told me, "I have finished my homework".
I.S: He told me (that) he had finished his homework
4) D.S: He said, "I bought this book in Singapore last week.
I.S: He said (that) he had bought that book in Singapore the
previous week.
5) D.S: He says, "We have been living in Bandung".
I.S: He says (that) they have been living in Bandung.
6) D.S: She told me, “You will get the prize".
I.S: She told me (that) I would get the prize.

III. Yes/No question(pertanyaan yang diawali dengan auxiliary)

Adapun aturan yang digunakan untuk mengubah kalimat langsung menjadi
kalimat tidak langsung pada jenis kalimat ini adalah menggunakan semua
atauran pada angka II di atas ( Statement) kecuali pada poin 2), yaitu tidak
lagi ditambahkan dengan kata “that”, akan tetapi ditambahkan dengan kata if
atau whether yang berarti “apakah”.
Examples:
1) D.S: She asked, "Is anybody here?
I.S: She asked if/whether anybody was there
2) D.S: He asked me, "Are you sleeping?
I.S: He asked me if I was sleeping
3) D.S: "Have you done your homework?" my father asked me.
I.S: My father asked me if I had done my homework.
IV. W-H Question ( Kalimat Tanya yang menggunakan kata Tanya)
Aturan yang digunakan untuk mengubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak
langsung pada jenis kalimat ini adalah:
1) Menggunakan semua aturan pada poin III (Yes/No,Question), kecuali
bahwa tidak lagi ditambahkan dengan kata “if/whether” akan tetapi
hanya kata Tanya tersebut yang menjadi kata penghubung.
 2) Mengubah polanya, dari pola bertanya menjadi pola positif (+) atau
pernyataan.
Examples:
1) D.S:He asked, "Where does she live?"
I.S: He asked where she lived.
2) D.S:He said, "What have you got in your bag?"
I.S: He asked what I had got in my bag.
3) D.S: She asked me, "How long have you been waiting for me?"
I.S: She asked me how long I had been waiting for her.