Embedded Systems

Presented By:
Pardeep Sandhu
Assistant Professor
ECE Department, GNI Mullana
 AGENDA

 Definitions.
 Typical Embedded System.
 Embedded Vs Standard Computer System.
 Characteristics of Embedded Systems.
 Classifications of Embedded Systems.
 Applications.
 Conclusions.
 WHAT IS A SYSTEM?

“A system is a way of working, organizing or doing one or many tasks

according to a fixed plan, program, or set of rules”.

or

“A system is also an arrangement in which all its units assemble and

work together according to the plan or program”.
 DEFINITION- EMBEDDED SYSTEM
 “Embed” means “To fix firmly and deeply”.

 “An embedded system is a microcontroller or microprocessor - based, software-

driven, reliable, real time control system, autonomous or human or network-
interactive, operating on diverse physical variables and in diverse environments
and sold into a competitive and cost-conscious market”.

Or

 “Information processing systems embedded or fixed into a larger system”.

 A TYPICAL EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Components of an Embedded System Hardware

EMBEDDED vs STANDARD COMPUTER SYSTEM
 CHARACTERISTICS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS…(1)
 Intelligent Systems.
 Must be dependable:
 Reliability
 Maintainability
 Safety
 Security
“Even perfectly designed systems can fail if the assumptions about
the workload and possible errors turn out to be wrong. Making the system
dependable must not be an after-thought, it must be considered from the
very beginning”.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS …(2)
 Must be efficient:
 Energy efficient.
 Code-size efficient (especially for systems on a chip).
 Run-time efficient.
 Weight efficient.
 Cost efficient.
 Dedicated towards a certain application.
 Dedicated user interface.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS …(3)
 Many Embedded Systems must meet real-time constraints:
 A real-time system must react to stimuli from the controlled object (or
the operator) within the time interval dictated by the environment.
 For real-time systems, right answers arriving too late (or even too early)
are wrong.
 Frequently connected to physical environment through sensors and
actuators.
 Hybrid systems (analog + digital parts).
 Typically, Embedded Systems are reactive systems:
“A reactive system is one which is in continual interaction with is
environment and executes at a pace determined by that environment”.
 CLASSIFICATION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
 Small Scale Embedded Systems:
 Designed with a single 8- or 16-bit microcontroller.
 Have little hardware and software complexities.
 Usually ‘C’ language is used to program.
 Limited memory is available.
 Medium Scale Embedded Systems:
 Based on single or a few 16- or 32-bit microcontrollers or DSPs or RISCs.
 RTOS, Simulator, Debugger, Source Code Engineering Tool, IDE
programming tools are used.
 Sophisticated Embedded Systems:
 Have enormous hardware and software complexities.
 Need scalable or configurable processors and programming logic
arrays.
 MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS

 The microprocessors and microcontrollers act as the heart of an Embedded

System.

 Examples of embedded processors can be:

 General Purpose Processor (GPP).
 Digital Signal Processor (DSP).
 Media Processor.
 Application Specific System Processor (ASSP).
 Application Specific Instruction Processor (ASIP).
 MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS

 Examples of embedded microcontrollers can be:

 Microcontrollers – 8051 Family.
 AVR Controllers.
 PIC Microcontrollers.
Applications
 APPLICATION AREAS

General Systems:
 TV, Stereo, Remote Control.
 Phone / Mobile Phone.
 Refrigerator.
 Microwave.
 Washing Machine.
 Oven / Rice or Bread Cooker.
 Watch.
 Alarm Clock.
 Electronic Musical Instruments.
 Electronic Toys (Stuffed Animals, Handheld Toys, Pinballs,
etc.)
 Medical Home Equipment (e.g. Blood Pressure,
Thermometer).
 APPLICATION AREAS

Medical Systems:
 Pace Maker, Patient Monitoring Systems, Injection Systems, Intensive
Care Units..
Office Equipments:
 Printer, Copier, Fax Machines, …
Tools:
 Multimeter, Oscilloscope, Line Tester, GPS, …
Banking:
 ATMs, Statement Printers, …
Transportation:
 Planes/Trains/Automobiles and Boats, Radar, Traffic Lights, Signalling
Systems, …
 APPLICATION AREAS

Automobiles:
 Engine Management, Trip Computer, Cruise Control, Immobilizer, Car
Alarm, Airbag, ABS, ESP, …
Building Systems:
 Elevator, Heater, Air Conditioning, Lighting, Key Card Entries, Locks,
Alarm Systems, …
Agriculture:
 Feeding Systems, Milking Systems, …
Space:
 Satellite Systems, …
 CONCLUSIONS

1. We need more comfort.

2. Which made us more technology dependent.

3. Embedded Technology is helping us to achieve our goal (1).

Thank You