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Julio Nunez

Professor Celestino

ENGL 1010

12 November 2019

Annotated Bibliography
(Immigration Reform)

Chen, Annie, and Jennifer Gill. “Unaccompanied Children and the U.S. Immigration System:

Challenges and Reforms.” ​Journal of International Affairs​, vol. 68, no. 2,

Spring/Summer 2015, pp. 115–133. ​EBSCOhost,​

search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=102305760&site=ehost-

live.

Unaccompanied children is nothing new to the U.S but is something that has

dramatically increased in the last few years. This article brings to light the broken

immgration system in place and the need for a solution to help unaccompanied

children instead of sending them back to where they came from. It talks about the

kids needing a voice of legal representation. And having more friendly immigration

laws that can be viable for them. It tells us how “Even the most articulate child may

not have access to knowledge required in order to establish certain elements of an

asylum claim”.

This article gives great feedback to the needs and the processes that need to be put in

check to make a change in the UAC policies. It tells us how we need to have
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friendlier immigration policies to help those children in need of a safe and bright

future.

I can use this show ethos to show, why there needs to be an argument made for these

kids that are seeking to live a regular and fruitful life. Again we need to show a little

more compassion when it comes to the needs of others. These children have no ill

intent and want the world as much as the next person. I feel we need to spend more

time in helping those in a disadvantage rather than handicapping them by not

providing legal representation.

HAYES, REBECCA. “Lawful Permanent Residency: What the United States Citizenship &

Immigration Services Giveth, It Can Also Take Away.” ​Boston College Law Review​,

vol. 59, no. 9, Dec. 2018, pp. 329–347. ​EBSCOhost​,

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ive.

This report talks about the challenges that someone who is trying to become a legal

immigrant goes through to obtain full citizenship in this country. Becoming

Naturalized is the what the process is called, a process that someone who is an LPR

can apply for after being in the country for several years. An LPR is a “Legal

Permanent Resident”. Appling and becoming a resident with full citizenship can take

years and can be delayed. The Immigration Court System are the ones who process

the application and they have full authority to allow or disallow Citizenship under the

requirements put in place. This process is time deteriorating and flawed because it is

only viewed immigration.

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This Article gives adequate information of what the process of immigrant legalization

looks like. It can be strenuous and very time detoreating. The procedure can be

something that can cost thousands of dollars with legal fees and that may end in a

roadblock with no guarantees. The article brings a lot of the elements that can impede

someone with the right to apply for Naturalization feel discouraged.

I think the process of becoming a legal citizen is overwhelming and that the process is

tough to get through because of the amount of people applying for it. I think there

should be an easier way or path to becoming a citizen, especially if you are in this

country contributing or even just educating yourself by going to school. The pathway

to citizenship can take years and can end up empty handed with a denial. I would use

this article in the use of logos because this makes no sense to have this type of

procedure that can negatively affect someone who is eligible from becoming a full

legal citizen of the United States of America.

Hinojosa-Ojeda, Raúl. “The Economic Benefits of Comprehensive Immigration Reform.” ​CATO

Journal,​ vol. 32, no. 1, Winter 2012, pp. 175–199. ​EBSCOhost​,

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ve.

This article talks about a three step plan to proceed with an immigration reform. The

economical benefits it would bring to the U.S economy and how it would also help

those who are already born here with a legal status. By first giving those already in

the U.S a pathway to a legal status. Securing the border in the right way and also
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giving the opportunity to those looking for work coming from another country to seek

legal status.

This paper gives facts on the impact immigrants bring to the U.S economy in a good

way. This gives a good way to try and help those who have lived in this country for

so long and have not been given the opportunity to live a life outside of the shadows

of deportation or a better job with higher wages. The amount of revenue that

immigrants bring to the economy helps everyone. Even those who are not willing to

give them legal status.

I think this is a good way to start the conversation for a way to citizenship for hard

working immigrants that come here for a fruitful life. I believe that giving those who

come to this country the opportunity to be more than lawfully here can bring wages,

revenue and more importantly even more diversity to this country. More blue collar

mindsets that can be benefited by all. The big corporations can have more workers

that are willing to work for less but still with a decent wage. Which means that's more

tax to the federal government. Immigrants have always been the ones to do the jobs

that others do not like to do too and having more people to do those things in a legal

way will also be a benefit. (logos)

HO, CALVIN. “Skills-Focused Immigration Reform Is Not Enough.” ​Asian American Policy

Review,​ vol. 28, Spring 2018, pp. 43–51. ​EBSCOhost,​

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ive.
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This Article talks about not forgetting the immigrants that may not be skilled or

educated but are still part of this community in the United States. Especially those

doing the jobs that others don't. Still having millions of undocumented immigrants

that come to this counrty not only from south of the border, but also parts of asia.

People that only have a middle-school to high school education level.

This is a fresh reminder that not everyone that is an immigrant is young or comes

from an educated scholarly background. Millions of immigrants that come to the U.S

are here to work and this article shows us that. Some of them all they know is labor.

I agree one percent with not forgetting about those that have come here with the

objective to make money for a better life for themselves and their families. Millions

of parents that are providing for their children wishing to have a better wage. These

are the people that would benefit from a work or immigration reform. I would use

logos to articulate the logic and letting these hard working people have an opportunity

to at least work here legally.

Hsin, Amy, and Francesc Ortega. “The Effects of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals on the

Educational Outcomes of Undocumented Students.” ​Demography​, vol. 55, no. 4,

Aug. 2018, pp. 1487–1506. ​EBSCOhost​, doi:10.1007/s13524-018-0691-6.

DACA is executive order that President Barack Obama signed in 2012 that help the

prevention of undocumented child arrivals in the United States from being deported

and ulitimatly giving them a chance to work here by renewing a work permit every

two years. This article focuses on the more than though. It gave us the stats of the

amount of undocumentedstudents that have been able to go to college because of

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DACA. The article shows the increase of students under the DACA act that have

enrolled in two year community colleges and four year colleges. It shows how the

opportunity given to young child arrivals is not being wasted but it has actually help

them by encouraging them to attend college now that it is obtainable.

This article shows great graphs with a lot of positive information to make an

argument to why helping immigrant students is the right move. The article is well

arrange to help the reader understand the difference DACA has made for

undocumented students when it comes to their education.

I would use this article to articulate logos. The logic in giving undocunented students

the same opportunities that any U.S citizen gets. Being able to award those who have

good grades and that want to get a higher education should not be shot down by a

legal status like citizenship. DACA granted a great opportunity but having a chance at

FAFSA and grants would allow those students to further their education. This can

only happen once an immigration reform is passed or a path to citizenship is opened

for DACA students.

Lee, Sheila Jackson. “Why Immigration Reform Requires a Comprehensive Approach That

Includes Both Legalization Programs and Provisions to Secure the Border.” ​Harvard

Journal on Legislation,​ vol. 43, no. 2, Summer 2006, pp. 267–286. ​EBSCOhost​,

search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?

This Journal talked about the need to secure the border before actually being able to

bring a immigrantion reform into existence. It talks about dealing with the 11 million

undocumented immigrants after being able to secure the border. It mentions that will
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be an ongoing problem like it is right now if we do not secure it. Why make a reform

if the U.S will still be getting flooded with immigrants. And securing it not only to

stop immigrants but against drugs and human trafficking as well.

This article makes great points, it is tough to carry out a reform that will give

legalization to millions of undocunmented immigrants when we would be getting

hundreds more coming non stop. Securing the border should be a priority like stated

in the paper.

It is tough to sit and write this because I come from a family of immigrant parents,

but I do agree with securing the border from letting more immigrants enter into the

U.S if it means being able to help those who are here already. With that being said, I

believe the United States should help those countries south of the border in becoming

more secure as well.

Mahatmya, Duhita, and Lisa M. Gring-Pemble. “DREAMers and Their Families: A Family

Impact Analysis of the DREAM Act and Implications for Family Well-Being.”

Journal of Family Studies​, vol. 20, no. 1, Apr. 2014, pp. 79–87. ​EBSCOhost,​

doi:10.5172/jfs.2014.20.1.79.

The artical focuses on the proposal of the Dream Act that would give million of

undocumented immigrants full legal status to those who came a very young age by

their parents. The benefits it would bring to young brilliant minds by giving them a

fair chance at a higher education. Giving hope and letting them dream to become an

equal member of this society.

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The amount of background information this article gives from past times is good

because you can relate it to today's times. The paper can be a good reference to giving

the opportunity to those who were brought here and this being the only life they

know.

I believe those who are brought here as children should have a fair chance of a life as

a citizen. We don't know if these kids can be the next Elon Musk or Steve Jobs. I still

think that there should be checks to be made so that you are allowed to become a

citizen. I think I can use this as ethos. We can have good arguments for this.

RANJBAR, NOSHENE. “Psychiatric--Legal Partnerships Addressing Family Separation at the

Border and the Long-Term Effects of Trauma.” ​American Journal of Family Law,​

vol. 33, no. 3, Fall 2019, pp. 325–337. ​EBSCOhost,​

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ive.

The Article addresses the damages that immigrant families are suffering seeking

asylum by the United States. The article reports that 2,737 children have been

separated from their families since the “no tolerance act” that was put in place by

president Donald Trump. This act states that anyone seeking asylum as a family will

be separated including infant children. The article gives three examples of families

running from gang violence seeking asylum and what there are going through. One of

them being a single mother and a three year old that were sent to another state to a

refugee home in chicago. When the mom was finally allowed to talk to him on the

phone the kid did not reply to her. She was told that he was not eating or
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communicating with anyone. The son was having trouble going to the restroom and

regressing as a factor of being traumatized by the separation of his mother. The article

is making a case to stop the separation of families because it is unhealthy and

unethical to do something like this to families seeking asylum.

This article gives a very strong argument to why separating families at the border is

not the right thing to do. It opens the audience to understanding why so many

immigrants come to the United States. Families are suffering from gangs and corrupt

governments.

I think as a nation we need to come together and show empathy to people that are

having troubles like these. They are making a journey that is very dangerous, all the

way from Central America. It is not like they are coming here to cause trouble. We

need to be more understanding and also show compassion. The “no tolerance act” is

traumatizing hundreds of children that are victims of the circumstances of the region

of the world they are born in. This could show pathos in a strong form.

Roth, Benjamin J., et al. “Detached and Afraid: U.S. Immigration Policy and the Practice of

Forcibly Separating Parents and Young Children at the Border.” ​Child Welfare,​ vol.

96, no. 5, Sept. 2018, pp. 29–49. ​EBSCOhost​,

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ive

This arti​cle talks about the injustices occurring at the U.S and Mexico border. The

damages caused by the separation of young children from their parents and families
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that are seeking asylum from the violence in Central America. Children that are being

separated are being put up for adoption while their biological parents are kept

detained awaiting a trial or in some cases deportation. The Government's reasoning

for this is to try and scare possible future immigrants from coming to the United

States, causing them to fear the possibility of being separated. Children Welfare is the

main point being put across this paper.

Seeing the in justice at hand is easy to agree with this paper, we need to find a better

way to deal with families coming to the border. By not separating them especially the

young children are the biggest victims. These families are running from violence,

they just want a chance to live a normal life where they can work and be free. We

have to be better as a nation and find ways to stop the separation of families and find

solutions.

I would use this article to articulate pathos, to show the unethical procedures being

done at the border by our government. I believe the unlawful separation of families

needs to be addressed and dealt with in a better way. We need to be more human with

each other and not so government based, but think of the struggles those coming to

the U.S for asylum are dealing with.

Stoll, David. “Comprehensive Immigration Reform and U.S. Labor Markets: Dilemmas for

Progressive Labor.” ​New Labor Forum (Sage Publications Inc.),​ vol. 24, no. 1, Jan.

2015, pp. 76–85. ​EBSCOhost​, doi:10.1177/1095796014562232.

Comprehensive immigration is the idea of having immigrants that are working

become legalized through being hard working employees. This article talks about the
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abuse that immigrant workers fall under because of their legal status in this country.

For example, the low wages and the long labor hours without breaks. This being the

explanation undocumented workers take sources of income that local laborers won't

do.

The article gives you a different perspective to how an immigration reform can

impact the current job market for citizens. It also gives us the reasons to why

immigrants take have a higher work rate than native workers. This shows the impact

the immigrant worker has in the United States. This artical can further help

understand why it is tough to just close the border and basically not higher any

undocumented workers.

I would use this article to show ethos and to argue on why immigrant workers are a

good thing for the economy. There are facts that show us the immigrant workers do

the jobs native born workers won’t do. This is something that is not new either. I

agree with CIR to an extant, I do believe those that show to be a good worker and

here to make a better life for their families should have the chance to become legal

citizens.
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