x3 +y 5

Solution of Homework 2 of Math 2000 3. Determine, with reason if the limit lim 2 2 exists or not.
(x,y)→(0,0) x +y
3 5
1. Find the limits with explanation: Proof. Let f (x, y) = xx2 +y 3 5 2 2
+y 2 , in which both x + y and x + y are polynomials,
4 − xy so its domain is given by
(i) lim (ii) lim sin( ln(1 + x + y) )
(x,y)→(0,0) 4
+ xy (x,y)→(0,0) {  }

Solution. (i) It follows from lim (4 + xy) = 4 + 0 × 0 = 4 ̸= 0 and the law of Dom(f ) = Dom( x3 + y 5 ) ∩ (x, y) ∈ R2  x2 + y 2 ̸= 0
(x,y)→(0,0)
{  }
lim (4 − xy) 
4 − xy (x,y)→(0,0) 4−0×0 = R2 ∩ (x, y) ∈ R2  x2 + y 2 ̸= 0
limit for quotient that lim = = = 1.
(x,y)→(0,0) 4 + xy lim (4 + xy) 4+0×0 = R2 \ { (0, 0) }.
(x,y)→(0,0)
(ii) As sin, ln and polynomial are continuous functions on their domains, we have √
For any (x, y) ∈ Dom(f ), we have r = x2 + y 2 > 0, rewrite in terms of polar
lim sin( ln(1 + x + y) ) coordinates (x, y) = (r cos θ, r sin θ), we have
(x,y)→(0,0)
( )
r3 | (cos3 θ + r2 sin3 θ) |
= sin lim ln(1 + x + y) |f (x, y)| = |f (r cos θ, r sin θ)| = = r| cos3 θ + r2 sin3 θ|
(x,y)→(0,0) r2 √
( ( ))
≤ r( | cos3 θ| + r2 | sin3 θ|) ≤ r(1 + r2 ) = x2 + y 2 (1 + x2 + y 2 ).
= sin ln lim ( 1+x+y )
(x,y)→(0,0)

= sin ( ln ( 1 + 0 + 0 ) ) = sin( ln 1 ) = sin 0 = 0. By the law of limits, we have

√ √
x3 − y 3 lim x2 + y 2 (1 + x2 + y 2 ) = 2 02 + 02 (1 + 02 + 02 ) = 0,
2. Define f (x, y) = . (x,y)→(0,0)
x2 + y 2
√ then it follows from sandwich theorem, we have
(i) Prove that 0 ≤ |f (x, y)| ≤ 2 x2 + y 2 for all (x, y) ∈ Dom(f ).
(ii) Find the limit lim f (x, y) for all (a, b) ∈ R2 . lim f (x, y) = 0.
(x,y)→(a,b) (x,y)→(0,0)

Proof. (i) Let f (x, y) = xx2 −y

3 3

+y 2 , in which both x − y and x + y are polynomial,

3 3 2 2
4. f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 . Note that
so its domain is given by f (x + h, y) = (x + h)2 + y 2 = x2 + 2xh + h2 + y 2 = f (x, y) + 2xh + h2 , and
{  }
 f (x, y + k) = x2 + (y + k)2 = x2 + y 2 + 2yk + k 2 = f (x, y) + 2yk + k 2 .
Dom(f ) = Dom( x3 − y 3 ) ∩ (x, y) ∈ R2  x2 + y 2 ̸= 0
{  } Evaluate the following: then

= R2 ∩ (x, y) ∈ R2  x2 + y 2 ̸= 0
f (x + h, y) − f (x, y) 2xh + h2
= R2 \ { (0, 0) }. (a) lim = lim = lim (2x + h) = 2x.
h→0 h h→0 h h→0

For any (x, y) ∈ Dom(f ), rewrite in terms of polar coordinates f (x, y + k) − f (x, y) 2yk + k 2
(b) lim = lim = lim (2y + k) = 2y.
k→0 k k→0 k k→0
(x, y) = (r cos θ, r sin θ), we have
5. Define f (x, y) = xy 2 − 2. Evaluate the following limits:
r3 | (cos3 θ − sin3 θ) |
|f (x, y)| = |f (r cos θ, r sin θ)| = = r| cos3 θ − sin3 θ|
r√2 f (x + h, y) − f (x, y) (x + h)y 2 − xy 2
(a) lim = lim = lim y 2 = y 2 .
≤ r( | cos3 θ| + | sin3 θ|) ≤ 2r = 2 x2 + y 2 . h→0 h h→0 h h→0
√ √ f (x, y + k) − f (x, y) x(y + k)2 − xy 2 x(2yk + k 2 )
(ii) By lim 2 x2 + y 2 = 2 02 + 02 = 0 and sandwich theorem, we have (b) lim = lim = lim
(x,y)→(0,0) k→0 k k→0 k k→0 k
= lim x(2y + k) = 2xy.
lim f (x, y) = 0. k→0
(x,y)→(0,0)