UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS

“ESPE”

SEÑALES Y SISTEMAS
Lucio Carlos, Tigse Eduardo
NCR: 3651
Sangolquí - Ecuador 1/20
Señales y sistemas
Objetivos
• Entender la relación entre la Respuesta al impulso de un sistema LTI de
tiempo discreto con la Repuesta en Frecuencia de Sistemas LTI en el tiempo
discreto.
• Analizar el modelamiento matemático de la Respuesta en Frecuencia de los
Sistemas LTI de tiempo discreto.
• Interpretar las distintas formas de onda senoidal a través de la respuesta en
frecuencia de un Sistema LTI.

Fuentes de información
• Oppenheim, A. Willsky, and H. Nawab, Signals and Systems, 2ª edición, 1997, Prentice
Hall, ISBN # 0-13-814757-4.
• Hwei P. Hsu, SCHAUM'S OUTLINES OF Theory and Problems of Signals and Systems”,
1995, McGraw Hill
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 Aplicaciones
▶ Conversion de una señal del dominio del tiempo al dominio de la frecuencia.

▶ Análisis de filtros.

▶ Procesamiento de señales de audio.

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The Frecuency Response of Discrete-Time LTI Systems
A. Frequency Response:
The output 𝑦[𝑛] of a discrete-time LTI system equals the convolution of the input
x[𝑛] with the impulse response h 𝑛 ; that is

Applying the convolution property

We obtain

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A. Frequency Response:
The funtion 𝐻(Ω) is called the frecuency response of the system.

Let

The 𝐻(Ω) is called the magnitude of the system, and 𝜃𝐻 (Ω) the phase
response of the system

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A. Frequency Response:
Consider the complex exponential sequence

Then, setting 𝑧 = 𝑒 𝑗Ω𝑜 𝑛

We obtain

By the linearity property

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A. Frequency Response:
If the input 𝑥[𝑛] is periodic with the discrete Fourier Series.

The corresponding output y[𝑛] is also periodic with the discrete Fourier series

If 𝑥[𝑛] is not periodic, the corresponding output y[𝑛] can be expressed as

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A.3 Ejemplo:

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Comprobación en Wolfram :

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B. LTI Systems Characterized by Difference Equations
Many discrete-time LTI systems of practical interest are described by linear
constant-coefficient difference equations of the form.

Taking Fourier Transform and aplying linearity property and the time-differentiation
property

We have:

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C. Periodic Nature of the Frequency Response

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 SYSTEM RESPONSE TO SAMPLED CONTINUOUS-TIME SINUSOIDS

A. System Responses:

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A. System Responses:
When a sinusoid cos Ωn is obtained by sampling a continuos-
time sinusoid cos 𝜔t with sampling interval 𝑇𝑠 , that is

All the results developed in this section apply if we substitute 𝜔𝑇𝑠

for Ω:

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A. System Responses:
For a continuous-time sinusoid cos 𝜔t there is a unique waveform
for every value of 𝜔 in the range 0 to ∞.

Increasing 𝜔 result in a sinusoid of ever-increasing frequency.

On the other hand, the discrete-time sinusoid 𝒄𝒐𝒔 Ωn has a
unique waveform only for values of Ω.

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A. System Responses:

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A. System Responses:
Equation shows that a sinusoid of frequency 𝜋 + Ω has the same
waveform as one with frequency 𝜋 − Ω .

A sinusoid with any value of Ω outside the range 0 to π is identical

to a sinusoid with Ω in the range 0 to π.

We conclude that every discrete-time sinusoid with a frequency in

the range:

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B. Frequency Response:

Where 𝑓𝑠 = 1 𝑇𝑠 is the sampling rate (or frequency).

the sampling rate must not be less than twice the frequency (in hertz)
of the sinusoid.

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Bibliografía
• Oppenheim, A. Willsky, and H. Nawab, Signals and Systems, 2ª edición, 1997, Prentice Hall, ISBN #
0-13-814757-4.
• Hwei P. Hsu, SCHAUM'S OUTLINES OF Theory and Problems of Signals and Systems”, 1995,
McGraw Hill
• https://es.scribd.com/document/376936863/Las-Aplicaciones-Que-Tiene-La-Ley-de-Fourier-en-La-
Vida-Real

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