Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
CHAPTER - 1
En ergy
0.01 005 01 05 5eV/pat tide
I •
r-T—
0,50
-r 50 lOOkcal/mole
10
Room f l PLASMA'
tempera ture iiiliiil ( Ions :tion3 )
and elect
L * tomic
GASES
Molecular
iiilil
LIQUIDS
SOLIDS llll
Mi I
L X X
10z 10J 1CT 10"
TEMPERATURE,°K
Resonance
Metnctabtt
states
Stable [states
Plasma *•-- f Plasma
No plasma f No plasmq
Outgoing radiation
errors*
HALF WIDTH
AX —
Profile
Total Intensity
Xo Wavelength
(Chen 1965).
1968).
^unperturbed Dlasma
vquo.ineuUal
layers*
>robe>:
II X^ t T± / T e ,
• /\ = - } e p r e s p n f a t i v e mean f r e e p a t h .
L = C h a r a c t e r i s t i c l e n g t h (taken t o be the probe r a d i u s ) .
)\ ~ sheath,
X « Probe p o t e n t i a l
=
TJ/ T Ratio of i o n t o e l e c t r o n temperature.
13
Under certain circumstances , particularly in the
presence of a strong magnetic field, the disturbance caused
by the presence of a probe in the plasma is not localised,
and the probe current then depdnds not only on the plasma
parameters (density and electron and ion temperatures), but
also on the way in which plasma is created and maintained.
(Chen, 1965). in such a case the probe method becomes less
useful.
AnL . • A-1
Orbital 1 Conventional
motion | Langmuir
limited ' probe
o
-<* 1-G • Transitional sheath
* ~ Collisional sheath
0 0n
r\
vo
R/XD
<
UJ
Q m
UJ
QQ
O
cr
a
CL
cc
UJ
>
UJ
o
^Ok
AMPLIFIER
UJ
RECORDER
500 K H z in
CHART
TUNED
(V
>
r rd
rd
•E
1/1
_rd
a.
;<
, ^-
cr
;< o
. i i— CL
•0_ <
ID
UJ
< a
01
UJ o
c
en
cr
CL rd
cc Q
UJ.
I— a*
X oo
UJ
cr CTI
o M
i— LL
n < T
ID ^.
Q o
u < O o
UJ Z LT>
Q cr
m
17
»—
z:
o
t— 2
LU , 3
a. cr
UJ
- t
L DE
.- t— _i
EXP
ceiv
3— -^z> <
<
< c °O 2
&
zz zCD —
a
LU S "
»—i
-z.
o
»— —
CO
z > LO
k\NN< CD N X V o
\OsV-J LU <VsN|
V\\Q- a: \xy
^ 7 >
DOW
> I—*
< <
d9VI
ASM
$
A 2
1 —» Q _i
VAC I
Q_
.OCK
<
_l LU
< O _i 2
SOUR
SIGN
m
CO
I
O
u_
19
a
E
a
CI
u "to
o
•*—
l_
3
erferometer used
l
{£> O ~
3
.— -4 r
a
x
X
1— •*-> to
1
TJ
xi c
c
o k.
4; JZ
.n V O
u >
E TJ
>. C
a
£ a
o JC p
ULI
QJ
^*
ach-Z
3
c o
u
E
i_
o
a.
x
UJ u o S
S*-.
o 1_ • *
»—• «l^_» CD
o
FIG-
X 3 E
_-f -
witowwyi > .
fc- "CT
o w
T3 • o to
c c 1o_
o 0)
o X 3
OL 1— «n 6 u
to V
o
in
E
refractive index enables us to find the densities of free
electrons and other plasma p a r t i c l e s . Lasers are very good
approximations towards the ideal l i g h t source for interferon
metric studies. However, some special features of lasers make
i t possible to develop quite unusual interferometers that can
operate with lasers only. An example of such a system i s shown
i n figure 7. Laser diagnostic methods are particularly suitable
for plasma systems having an intermediate range of parameter
values ( n ^ 10 to 10 cm" , T ^ 1 0 to 10 °K ).
e e
In addition to laser feedback interferometry, laser hetero-
dyning t and laser perturbation technique are other methods of
laser diagnostics.
Another type of optical probing method where laser as
a source finds application i s the study of l i g h t scattering
from plasma p a r t i c l e s . In principle t h i s method seems to be
very simple. Measurement of scattered l i g h t intensity as a
function of the scattering angle and frequency enable deter-
mination of electron and ion densities/ velocity distributions/
density fluctuations and local magnetic f i e l d intensity
(ovsyannicov, 1971). Moreover a l l this information r e l a t e s to
a small selected region inside the plasma.
C
AJJADO aouajapj s i o . u i IAJ j o p s j j a j }D]j D Buisn
J9}3W0JejJ9}UI >|DDqp99J. JQSD) D JO UUDj6Dip OJiDUUaqOS'.D^-OI-j
JOJJIUJ A^IADQ
SJOJJIUI J35D")
-
T£ ^r §
-L T
\
«tf
23
5. PARTICLE MEASUREMENTS
REFERENCES
S p i t z e r , L. 1962 I n • P h y s i c s of F u l l y I o n i z
G a s e s ' . , 2nd Edn. Wiley
I n t e r s c i e n c e , New York.