Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
(Spoken Narrative)
A. Building Knowledge of Field
1. Listening
Activity 1.
Listen to your teacher reading this story, then fill in the blank with the words you heard.
Long ago, in the ……..(1), there lived a very beautiful princess, snow white. The Queen was her
………..(2). She was very jealous of her beauty. So she wanted her to die.
Snow White knew about her …….(3) plan. She escaped into a forest. There she made a friend with
seven …….(4).
The Queen turned into a ……..(5). Snow White did not realize it. The witch gave her ……(6) apple.
As a result, Snow White was put into sleep for years.
……….(7), in the end, Prince Charming ……..(8) her with a kiss. They lived together happily ever
after.
(Free adaptation from Grimms’ fairy tale)
The answers
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________
4. ____________________
5. ____________________
6. ____________________
7. ____________________
8. ____________________
Activity 2.
Your teacher will read the story once more, then answer these questions.
1. Who is the main character of the story?
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Where did the story happen?
__________________________________________________________________________
3. When did the story happen?
__________________________________________________________________________
4. What problem faced by the main character?
__________________________________________________________________________
5. Can she solved the problem? How?
__________________________________________________________________________
6. How is the ending of the story, sad or happy ending?
__________________________________________________________________________
7. What kind of story is it?
__________________________________________________________________________
Activity 3.
Here are words taken from the answer of the listening section in activity 1. Use them to complete the
sentences.
Activity 4.
Since grade X, you have heard and read many kind of stories, right? So to warm up your mind, match the
kind of the story and its main characters.
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Answer No. Kinds of stories No. Main Character(s)
______ 1. Fable A. Cinderella
______ 2. Fairy tales B. Malin Kundang
______ 3. Legend C. The grasshopper and the ants
______ 4. Myth D. Zeus and demeter
______ 5. Folktales E. Roro Jonggrang
Activity 6.
In pair, answer these questions.
1. Who are they?
___________________________________________________________________
2. What are they talking about?
___________________________________________________________________
3. What was confused by Mira?
___________________________________________________________________
4. Did she get the solution?
___________________________________________________________________
5. Who gave the solution?
___________________________________________________________________
6. What did Maya say to Mira?
___________________________________________________________________
7. Can give more example about the expression of giving suggestion?
___________________________________________________________________
Activity 7.
Learn these expression.
Activity 8.
Write transactional/interpersonal dialogue containing expression of giving and responding suggestion based on
the following situation.
1. You and your friend are in an education exhibition. You confuse what university you will apply after
graduating from high school. Your friend gives his/her suggestion.
X : _________________________________________________________________________
Y : _________________________________________________________________________
X : _________________________________________________________________________
Y : _________________________________________________________________________
X : _________________________________________________________________________
Y : _________________________________________________________________________
2. You and your family are in a book store. All books displayed are interesting. You confuse. Some of
your family member give you his/her suggestion.
X : _________________________________________________________________________
Y : _________________________________________________________________________
X : _________________________________________________________________________
Y : _________________________________________________________________________
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X : _________________________________________________________________________
Y : _________________________________________________________________________
3. You are in sport shop. You want to buy new basket ball shoes. There are two brand; Nike and
Adidas. The shop attendant suggest what brand is better in quality and price.
X : _________________________________________________________________________
Y : _________________________________________________________________________
X : _________________________________________________________________________
Y : _________________________________________________________________________
X : _________________________________________________________________________
Y : _________________________________________________________________________
Activity 10.
Learn these expression
Activity 11.
Complete the dialogue with suitable expression of complaint and its responses.
1. Mira : …………………….. I feel so hot.
Andi : Take a bath then.
3. Soldier 1 : …………. We are surrounded. The enemies are everywhere. There is no way out.
Soldier 2. : Hang on. The support troops will be dropped soon.
4. Sailor 1 : The sea wave is so hard and high. I got stomached. This situation makes me sick.
Sailor 2 : …………………….
5. Passenger 1 : Our plane is shaking hard. We are in the middle of turbulence . This is crazy.
Passenger 2 : ……………. The airport is just 5 miles more. It means it just need 10 minutes to land.
3. Grammar Function
a. Review on Past Tenses
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c. Possibility /impossibility
Activity 6.
Observe this picture.
Yeah, sure. My fishing
Would it be
rod is being eaten by
possible for me
fish!. I try to pull it
to get fish?
now
Activity 7.
Study the expression of possibility and impossibility below.
Activity 8.
Make a suitable expression based on the following situation.
Example : X : Budi will have an English test tomorrow. I saw him watching TV along the night.
Y : I think There is a little chance for Budi to pass his test
1. X : My Grandma has lung cancer. She has stopped smoking cigarette for a year.
Y :
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. X : My uncle plans to build a new ranch. He works hard and gets a lot of money.
Y : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. X : I heard that Sinta loves Darma. But Darma is Reni’s boy friend.
Y : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. X : Our school adventure team is on their way to Everest peak. There is a big storm in the region
Y : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. X : Budi is over weight. He does physical exercise to lessen his bodyweight everyday.
Y : ………………………………………….…………………………………………………………..
B. Modelling of Text
Activity 12.
Read the following interpersonal dialogue between teacher and students.
The teacher : Good morning students!
The students : Good morning, madam!
The teacher : Today, we will learn about narrative text. Please open your workbook on page 5. Read
The story titled “ The missing John”.
(ten minutes later……)
The teacher : Have you finished?
The students : Yes, We have madam.
The teacher : Ok , let discuss now. This story is about John. Who is he, students, does anybody
know?
The student : He is new kid in town
The teacher :Yes it is said in the story that john is a new kid in town. What does that mean?
The student : It means new comer, madam.
The Teacher : Right, kid means child; so he is a new child, a new comer in the town. OK, everybody
say "new comer… new comer"
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The students : New comer
The teacher : Do you know about his personality? What is he like? Is he a cheerful boy, or gloomy
boy?
The student : Gloomy , madam
The teacher : How do you know that?
The student : In the passage, madam. It is written . John slumped in the armchair, his
arms crossed and his face with a gloomy frown.
The teacher : OK, now, what happened to him one day?
The student : He was sitting in his armchair one day, day dreaming, when he suddenly saw a big
hollow in the tree outside his house. This tree looked very scary, with thin roots, and
branches that looked like claws. This tree also has thorns all over it.
The teacher : And then?
The student : John felt as if the tree was calling him, and unconsciously he went out towards the
tree. He had tried to turn away, but he couldn't. After that john was never seen
again, but nobody missed him because he was such a gloomy and unfriendly kid.
The teacher : Now, what do you think of this story? Is it happy-ending or sad-ending story?
The students : Sad-ending story, madam!
Activity 13.
Now, answer these questions.
1. Who are they?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What do they discuss about?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Who is the main character told in the story?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. How is the ending of the story?
___________________________________________________________________________
Activity 14.
Read this story. Don’t forget the understand the generic structure and language features of this Narrative story.
(taken from: Contoh Materi KBK B.Inggris: Penataran Guru SMA, M.Yusack, 2004)
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__________________________________________________________________
6. When did the story happen?
___________________________________________________________________________
7. Where did this story take place?
___________________________________________________________________________
8. What do you learn from the complication?
___________________________________________________________________________
9. What do you learn from the resolution?
___________________________________________________________________________
10. What moral do you learn from this story?
___________________________________________________________________________
Activity 17.
Study the following summary.
Summary:
The text above is organized in Narrative form. The text organization
includes:
1. Orientation : introducing the characters of the story, the time and
the place the story happened. (Who/What, When and
where)
2. Complication : a series of events in which the main character attempts
to solve the problem.
3. Resolution : the ending of the story containing the problem solution
( ) A Now people call it Batu Simalin Kundang. We can see the stone from Air Manis,
a village on the coast of West Sumatra near Padang.
( ) B Malin Kundang worked hard in a big town and in a short time he became a rich
man. However he completely forgot his poor old mother
( ) C Some years later he sailed to a harbor near his village. When his mother heard
about this news she came to meet him.
( ) D Some days later his ship left the harbor. The sea was calm but when he reached
the open sea there was a great storm. The ship was drowned. Malin Kundang and his
money changed into a stone.
( ) E An old woman and her son lived in a little village. Her son was called Malin
Kundang. They were very poor but they loved each other very much.
( ) F Malin Kundang pretended not to know her. He said, “You are not my mother. Go
away !”
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( ) G His mother became very sad and before she went she said, “Oh, Malin Kundang,
you are wicked son. You’ll never be safe now. You and your money will turn to
stone.”
( ) H One day Malin Kundang told his mother that he would go to town and work
there. At first his mother did not allow him but finally she let him go with tears.
(Pengajaran Narrative teks:Bahan Penataran Bahasa Inggris: 2004)
Activity 19.
Finishing rearrange the story above , Put the story in this chart. pay attention to the generic structure of the
narrative
Title
………………………………….
Orientation ……………………………………………………………………………………
……
……………………………………………………………………………………
……
……………………………………………………………………………………
……
……………………………………………………………………………………
……
……………………………………………………………………………………
……
……………………………………………………………………………………
……
Complication ……………………………………………………………………………………
……
……………………………………………………………………………………
……
……………………………………………………………………………………
……
……………………………………………………………………………………
……
……………………………………………………………………………………
……
……………………………………………………………………………………
……
Resolution ……………………………………………………………………………………
……
……………………………………………………………………………………
……
……………………………………………………………………………………
……
……………………………………………………………………………………
……
……………………………………………………………………………………
……
……………………………………………………………………………………
……
………
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D. Independent Construction of text
Activity 20.
Now, it is time for you to write your own narrative
Choose a very well known tale, myth, fable or fairy tale in your town
Make a raw draft first
Use the generic structure of Narrative
Consult your teacher before developing your draft into final one.
Finishing writing the final draft, perform it in front of the class.
Example:
Long ago, there live an old couple by the sea. The old man was a fisherman and his wife was a
weaver. Once, the old man caught a goldfish which could talk. Promising that it will repay him, the goldfish
egged for its release. Without any condition, the fisherman let it go.
When he reached home, he told his wife about the goldfish. She furious on learning that her husband
had been so silly. She showed him a broken wooden pail and told him to ask the gold fish for a new one. The
sea was calm when the fisherman reached there. When the goldfish learnt of his wife’s request, it asked him
return and promised that a new pail would be given to him.
Sure enough, when he arrived home, his wife was using a new pail. However she was not contented
and wanted a new house. The fisherman hurried back to the sea. Again, the gold fish the goldfish granted his
request and told him to return home. Again the fisherman’s wife was not satisfied. She then wanted to be a
wealthy lady. The fisherman returned to the sea for the third time and again his wife’s wish was granted .She
wore beautiful clothes and expensive jewellery.
The fisherman thought that his wife should be satisfied now that she had become rich. However, he
was mistaken. A few days later, his wife commanded him to ask the goldfish to make her a queen. Moreover,
she wanted the goldfish to serve her as well.
Before the trembling fisherman could speak to the gold fish, it asked him to return home to tell his
wife that greed does not pay.
When the fisherman went home, all the riches had disappeared. He saw his wife sitting outside their
hut, holding the broken wooden pail and looking very unhappy.
(Taken from : English Practice: Primary 6.)
(Written Narrative)
Activity 2
Find the meaning of these words in your dictionary. Then try to pronounce them correctly!
1. Lived / / = …………………………
2. Care / / = …………………………
3. Storey / / = …………………………
4. Row / / = …………………………
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5. Arguing / / = …………………………
6. Shattered / / = …………………………
7. Hiding / / = …………………………
8. Gave / / = …………………………
9. Laugh / / = …………………………
10. Depressed / / = …………………………
11. Awful / / = …………………………
12. Ignored / / = …………………………
13. Came over / / = …………………………
14. Refused / / = …………………………
15. Strength / / = …………………………
Title ALISON
Alison lived in a small broken down flat with her mother and her
Orientation mother’s boyfriend, David. Alison was unhappy because her mother and
David didn’t care for her very much.
A few years ago everything was normal. Alison lived with her mother
and father in a beautiful two-storey house but her mother and father started
quarreling all the time. Sometimes one row would last for weeks. They had
Complication been arguing non stop for three months now and finally they both agreed to
get a divorce. Alison was shattered as she heard these words while hiding a
chair. She didn’t want to get into any fights with her parents especially her
father who she cared for very much and who gave her everything.
Alison and her mother had been living with David for a year and Alison
was never the same. She wouldn’t play or talk to anyone or even smile or
Evaluation
laugh. Alison was always depressed abut what had happened. Her mother
and David were always yelling at her because she was so unhappy.
One awful night as Alison was sitting in a chair listening to the radio (for
they couldn’t afford a TV). David asked Alison why she was unhappy.
Alison ignored David and went on listening to the radio. David jumped up
out of his chair and came over to Alison. He had a furious look on his face.
“Why are you unhappy?” he said. Alison looked like she was going to cry
but she held her tears and refused to answer. David threw Alison against the
Complication wall with all his strength.
Alison was in a coma for two weeks. One day she woke up and found
herself in hospital. There beside her sat her father. She rubbed her eyes,
“Am I dreaming?” she asked. “No you’re not Alison. I’ve come to take you
home with me. “Alison’s face lit up bright and happy. It was the first time
she had smiled since her parents had split up.
Alison’s father took her home and they were never separated again. The
Resolution next month was her birthday and Alison received a beautiful doll-house
along with several other presents and she was very happy.
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_________________________________________________________________________________
8. Who is the main character in that story?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 4
Fill in the blanks by changing the suitable words into Simple Past Tense!
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9. If you …… a fortune teller, what would you like to predict?
10. The dwarfs …… home in joy and relief.
2. Examples
Activity 13.
Put the verb in the bracket into its correct form.
Example : Andi …….(go) to Solo this morning
Andi went to Solo this morning
Activity 6
Collaborating the ideas of rewriting a story. Do the following steps before you write your own narrative
writing.
1. In groups, discuss the topic you’re going to develop.
2. Collect ideas and organize the information you need.
3. Try to set the schematic structure of the text that you will write together,
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4. Revise the plan of the schematic structure of the text.
5. Ask your friends to give their ideas for constructing the text.
6. Write the text together.
7. Give your friends a copy of the text draft.
8. Evaluate the text that you make.
9. Let your friends make their own works.
Activity 7
Retelling the story
1. Study the following clues in your group.
2. Arrange and develop the clues into the stories. Example: of (one of them).
3. Ask your friends to retell them in front of your group.
Activity 9
Answer the following question!
1. What is the main idea of the text above?
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Mention some supporting ideas of the text!
_______________________________________________________________________________
Uji Kognitif 1.
01. Rendry : What is the type of the story about “Golden Swan” ?
Meidra : It is …………..
A. a folk tale
B. a short story
C. a novel
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D. a fairy tale
E. a legend
4. Go on, I will return whenever….. . (Pr.2 line 4). What the word “I” refers to……………
A. The chief hunter
B. the swan
C. the dream
D. The widow
E. the feather
5. She was careful not to spend too much. The phrase “not to spend too much” has the synonym with the
word…..
A. Economical
B. Economics
C. Greedy
D. Economize
E. have much money
Text 2.
The Fish that Learned to Walk
Once there was an Indian who had a pet fish named Tommy, which he kept in a barrel. But the fish
got pretty big and the Indian had to change the water a good deal to keep him alive. He was too lazy to do
that, and he thought he would teach the fish to live without water. So he did. He began by taking Tommy
out of the barrel for a few minutes at a time, pretty often, and then he took him out oftener and kept him out
longer, and after a time Tommy got so he could stay out a good while if he was in the wet grass.
Then the Indian found he could leave him in the wet grass all night, and pretty soon that fish could live
in the shade whether the grass was wet or not. By that time he had got pretty tame, too, and he used to
follow the Indian around a good deal, and when a the Indian went out to dig worms for him to eat. Tommy
went along too and got some for himself. The Indian thought everything of that fish, and when Tommy got
so he didn’t need any water at all, but could go anywhere—down the dusty road and stay all day out in
the hot sun—you never saw the Indian without his fish. Some people wanted to buy Tommy, but the Indian
said he wouldn’t sell a fish like that for any money. You’d see him coming to town with Tommy following
along the road behind, just like a dog, only of course he traveled a good deal like a snake, and almost as
fast.
Well, it was pretty sad that the way that Indian lost his fish, and it was unusual too. He started for town
one day with Tommy coming along behind as usual. There was a bridge in the road and the Indian came
to it where he saw there was a hole in it, but he went on over it without thinking. A little later he looked
round for Tommy and Tommy wasn’t there. He went back a way and called, but he couldn’t see anything
of his pet. Then he came to the bridge and saw the hole, and he thought right away that maybe his fish had
got in there. So, he went to the hole and looked down, and sure enough, there was Tommy, floating on the
water, bottom-side up. He’d fallen through that hole into the river and drowned.
06. Melissa : Who is Tommy ?
Freddy : I think Tommy is…….
A. The Indian’s name
B. The Indian’s fish
C. The Indian’s friend
D. The Indian’s barrel
E. all are correct
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D. How the Indian trained the fish be tamed so he can sell it
E. The fish can run like snake
08. ……, and the Indian came to it where he saw……(Pr.3 line 3) . The word “it” refers to…
A. the Indian
B. the grass
C. great deal
D. the pet fish
E. the bridge
11. ………..only of course he traveled a good deal like a snake (prg 2). The word “he” refers to….
A. The Indian
B. Tommy
C. Snake
D. Dog
E. Some people
14. Sarju : We have to arrive at Bandung at 5 o’clock. Is there any chance for us to get there on
time.
Melia : it’s four o’clock now. It need 45 minutes to get there. So I think there is …………to get
there on time.
A. a little chance’
B. no chance
C. less chance
D. any chance
E. a more chance
15. Melia : Budi, I can’t use my computer. It is broken. Can you fix it
Budi : ………………. I am majoring in computer science .
A. I don’t think so
B. I have no capability
C. I am capable
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D. I doesn’t have any capability
E. I am incapable
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UNIT 2
WHAT CAUSES WEATHER?
A. SPOKEN EXPLANATION
1. Building Knowledge of Field
Task 1.
Answer the following questions!
1. What do you know about weather?
___________________________
2. What is the weather like outside?
___________________________
Task 2.
Complete the missing words by listening to your teacher reading the whole text!
Weather is the (1) _______________ condition of the atmosphere at a (2) _______________ time. It includes
temperature, air (3) _______________ and water content.
Weather is produced when air (4) _______________ from place to place. This moving air is (5)
_______________ as wind. Winds are caused by (6) _______________ air rising and cooler moving in to (7)
_______________ it. Warm air is usually (8) _______________ than cool air; therefore, it (9)
_______________ low air pressure. Cool air is (10) _______________ and creates high (11)
_______________ pressure.
Usually we have (12) _______________ weather when the air pressure is high and ( 13) _______________ ,
rain or (14) _______________ when the air pressure (15) _______________ .
Task 3.
Use the word you’ve got to complete the sentences!
Task 4.
Match the phenomena with the explanation.
2. Speech Function
2.1. Giving order
Task 5.
Read These conversations and answer the question!
a. Situations : Mr. Thomson and his secretary are talking at his office.
Mr. Thomson : I’d like to have a meeting in our new office tomorrow. I’ll be there for some days.
Secretary : What shall I do, Sir?
Mr. Thomson : Send a message that I’ll arrive at about nine.
Secretary : At your service, Sir. How about Mr. Alex, will he come with you?
Mr. Thomson : Well, I suggest him to join since I need someone to accompany me.
Secretary : That’s good suggestion, Sir.
Mr. Thomson : Katty, don’t forget to make notes about all, call for me and everything that has
happened during I am away.
Secretary : I’ll remember it, Sir.
Mr. Thomson : Good.
b. Situation : In the classroom, Mr. Smith an English teacher is telling his students about the result of the
test.
Teacher : Hi, class. I want to tell you about the result of the test.
Student : Yes, Sir.
Teacher : In general, the result is good. But I want Andrew and Daniel come to me.
Andrew and
Daniel : Yes, Sir.
Teacher : I found the mistake in your tests are exactly the same. I assumed both of you
cheated from one another. Did you do it Daniel?
Daniel : No, that not true.
Teacher : So, who cheated then?
Daniel : You’d better ask Andrew, Sir?
Teacher : Andrew?
Andrew : Sorry, Sir. I did it because I didn’t prepare for the test.
Teacher : That’s good, you admitted that. Don’t do it again next time.
Andrew : OK, Sir.
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3. Grammar Focus
A. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Task 6
Learn this explanation
a. General pattern.
Pattern Time Signal
Verb pattern : - everyday
- every hour
(+) S + V1 / S + V1 + s/es - every month
(-) S + do/does + not + V1 - every year
(?) Do/does + S + V1 - every Sunday, etc.
_________________
To be pattern Frequency words
_________________
(+) S + is/am/are + adj./adv./noun - always, often
(-) S + is/am/are + not+adj./adv./noun - usually, generally
(?) Is/Am/Are S adj./adv./noun - sometimes
- rarely, seldom
- never
B. Function
I. Expressing habitual action or customs
1. I go to school on foot
2. Mother cooks the meal every morning
3. Hermawan is always present at school
4. I am Seldom ill
C. Special Note
I He
You +VI She + V I + s/es
We It
they
I + am He
You She + is
We + are It
they
1. They ___________( tell ) me when they ____________( get ) home every afternoon. They
___________ ( have ) some food and then ___________ ( change ) their clothes, they never
____________ ( eat ) or ____________ ( drink ) anything while they ____________ ( be ) at the
office, unless the hot weather ____________ ( make ) them thirsty.
2. The boy ____________ ( say ) that he always ____________ ( listen ) carefully, but ____________
( do not ) always understand his teacher because they ____________ ( speak ) too quickly and
____________ ( choose ) very difficult words.
3. The children ____________ ( walk ) to school every morning and ____________ ( look ) for their
friends on the way, when they ____________ ( see ) them, they ____________ ( run ) to them and
____________ ( laugh ) and ____________ ( play ) and ____________ ( enjoy ) themselves until the
school bell ____________ ( ring )
4. The man ____________ ( go ) to work by train everyday. He ____________ ( stay ) in the train for
half an hour and ____________ ( sit ) or ____________ ( stand ) there and ____________ ( read ) his
newspaper. He ____________ ( try ) to read all the news during the journey and in that way, he
____________ ( know ) a lot about the topics of the day.
5. Peter always ____________ ( come ) to school early. He ____________ ( be ) very diligent, so he
____________ ( be ) clever, but he ____________ ( not be ) selfish. His friends ____________ ( like )
him because he ____________ ( be ) helpful, as well.
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B. NOUN PHRASE
Task 7
The phrase is called noun phrase. In Indonesia “ noun Phrase “ is “ sekelompok kata yang mempunyai satu
unit pengertian dan secara keseluruhan berfungsi sebagai kata benda. “ here is the order pattern.
Determiner
DemonstrativesPossesivesArticles
Descriptive Adjective
Origin / Location
Age / Temperature
Cardinal Enumerator
Material
Head Word
Participle
Colour
Shape
Size
Ordinal
a/an first two happy big old boring round red African iron car
the secon three fine small young bored square yellow English stone book
my d another beautiful little new frying oblong green French paper paintin
your third several pretty short cold fried etc blue Chinese brick g
her only a lot of ugly tall hot etc brown Greek wood dress
his some handsome wide warm etc Indian gold etc
our clever narro modern etc etc
their etc w etc
this etc
that
Answer the following questions. Put the adjectives in the correct order !
1. A : He bought a book. The book is red. It is interesting. It is small. What did he buy ?
B : He bought a small interesting red book
2. A : she has three children. They are tall. They are fat. Which children are hers ?
B : ____________________________________ are hers.
3. A : Sutomo has a house. It is made of wood. It is beautiful. It is new. What does Sutomo have ?
B : ________________________________________________
4. A : Siti is carrying an umbrella. It is beautiful. It is red. It is made of cloth. What is Siti carrying ?
B : ________________________________________________
5. A : My parents bought a car. It is an apple green. It is new. It is small. What did my parents buy ?
B : ________________________________________________
6. A : Mr. and Mrs. Kandow have two sons. They are naughty. They are short. What do Mr. and Mrs.
Kandow have ?
B : ________________________________________________
7. A : He can’t drive the car. It is old. It is broken. It is grey. What can’t he drive ?
B : ________________________________________________
8. A : The child is playing with a doll. It is made of rubber. It is small it is nice. What is the child
playing with ?
B : ________________________________________________
9. A : He wrote many novels. They are new. They are interesting. What did he write ?
B : ________________________________________________
10. A : The girl won the beauty contest. She is beautiful. She is tall. Who won the beauty contest ?
B : ________________________________________________
11. A : Tommy is playing with a ball. It is red. It is round. It is big. What is Tommy playing with ?
B : ________________________________________________
12. A : The girl comes from Australia. She is pretty. She is young. She is slim. Which girl comes from
Australia ?
B : ________________________________________________
13. A :The man is a writer. He is productive. He is young. What is the man ?
B : ________________________________________________
14. A : Martin is a film star. He is handsome. He is tall. He is will-built( = tegap ).
B : ________________________________________________
15. A :He threw away the shoes. They are worn-out ( = rusak ). They are old. They are brown. What did
he throw away ?
B : ________________________________________________
21
We found some nouns such as desert, tree, earth and spring. Those are called proper nouns, means
that we can see the shape and the form of the nouns.
Besides, we also found word such as environment, vegetation, temperature and dehydration. Those are
called abstract nouns, means those words belong to nouns but they are unreal. It is a kind of concept that out
Change the words into abstract nouns by using the appreciated suffixes !
No. Root Words Abstract Nouns No. Root Words Abstract Nouns
1. Collect 11. Object
2. Happy 12. Relation
3. Employ 13. Woman
4. Friend 14. Active
5. Baby 15. Punish
6. Sensitive 16. Dark
7. Educate 17. Intent
8. Partner 18. Kind
9. Wise 19. Priest
10. clear 20. entertain
Task 9
Complete the sentences by using the abstract nouns you made in task 8.
Example : The man is a priest. When did he enter the ____________
The man is a priest. When did he enter the priesthood
B. Modeling of Text
Task 10
Observe the explanation text !
Title How Desert Remains Dry
General Statement These are three possible reason why desert remain dry. These are high
mountain barrier, cold ocean current and high pressure system.
22
Sequenced Explanation Mountain Barrier
When warm air passes over the ocean it pick up moisture in the form of water
vapor and this moist air travels over mountain ranges. When begins to rise,
the air cool and this causes the water vapor to condense into droplets which
falls as rain. When the air reaches the other side of the mountain barrier, it has
lost all moisture and so the other side of the mountain remains dry.
Sequenced Explanation Cold Ocean Current
Air passing over old ocean current is cooled and therefore is unable to pick up
and hold much moisture. When this cold air mass reaches the warm desert,
any moisture in the air is evaporated and so does not fall as rain and so the
desert remains dry.
Sequenced Explanation High Pressure System
In a high pressure system, the air is dry and moving downwards. As this
system moves over the land, it draws in moisture from the land surface.
Consequently, the moisture does not fall as rain and so the desert remains dry.
Task 11
Understanding the structure of the text. Answer the question !
1. What is the genre of the text ?
________________________________________________
2. What is the purpose of the text ?
________________________________________________
3. What is the generic structure / the organization of the text ?
________________________________________________
4. What kind of tense is mainly used in the text ?
________________________________________________
5. Why the tense used in the text ?
________________________________________________
Task 12
Understanding the content of the text. Answer the question !
1. What does the text tell about ?
________________________________________________
2. How many factors make the desert remain dry ? what are they ?
________________________________________________
3. …………… it pick up moisture in the form of water vapor. ( par 2 ) what does the word “ it “ refer to ?
________________________________________________
4. What causes the water vapor to condense into droplets ?
________________________________________________
5. Why does the other side of the mountain remain dry ?
________________________________________________
6. What happens when the old air mass reaches the warm desert ?
________________________________________________
7. What draws in the moisture from the land surface ?
________________________________________________
8. What happens then ?
________________________________________________
Task 13
Observe the summary about explanation text !
Explanation Text
A. Definition
Explanation text tells how and why things occur in scientific and technical fields
B. Social Function
To explain the process involved in the information or working of natural or socio cultural
phenomena
C. Text Organization
A general statement to position the reader
A sequences explanation of why or how something occurs
Closing
D. Language Features
Focus on generic, non-human participants
Use mainly :
a. General and abstract nouns
b. Action verbs
23
c. Simple present tense
d. Passive voice
e. Conjunction of time and cause
f. Noun phrase
g. Adverbial phrase
h. Technical language
Task 14
Observe The diagram
Gambar
awan Gambar
hujan
Gambar
matahari
Gambar Gambar
laut sungai
Based on the diagram, tell your friends about “ how the rain is formed “
Example :
Good morning, dear friends, today I would like to tell you about “ how the rain is formed “. In the rainy
season, we often get wet of rain, don’t we ? Now I’ll tell you why it happens.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Task 15
Fill in the blank with the generic structure / the organization of the text !
Task 16
Answer the following questions based on the text !
Task 17
Read the text carefully !
B. WRITTEN EXPLANATION
Task 1
Observe the text carefully !
Task 2
Write down the passive forms you take from the text !
1. ________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________
6. ________________________________________________
7. ________________________________________________
8. ________________________________________________
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9. ________________________________________________
10. ________________________________________________
Grammar Focus
Task 3
Expressing Passive Voice
Observe the Pattern below !
ACTIVE PASSIVE
1. a. Simple Present Tense 1. a. Simple Present Tense
S + V1 / S + V1+s/es S + is/am/are + V3
1. Mother cooks the meals 1. The meals is cooked by mother
2. They drink coffee 2. Coffee is drunk by them
1. Ali was repairing the car 1. The car was being repaired by Ali
2. I was doing the test 2. The test was being done by me
1. He has posted the letters 1. The letters have been posted by him
2. Father has drunk tea 2. Tea has been drunk by father
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5. Modals 5. modals
S + modal + V1 S + modal + be + V3
shall Shall / will
will will
may may
must must
should should
would would
might might
had to had to
can can
could could
Notes :
1. Object or Active voice becomes Subject of Passive voice
Verb – active becomes Verb – passive ( see the tables )
Subject of Active voice becomes Agent ( pelengkap pelaku )
2. Unimportant agents can be omitted
Example :
1. He repaired the bicycle
- The bicycle was repaired
2. People must build a new bridge
- A new bridge must be built
3. “ shall “ which means “ akan “ is only used for the subjects : I / We.
Task 4
Turn into the passive voice !
1. The student are doing the exercise in the class room now
________________________________________________
2. Someone has stolen the books from the library
________________________________________________
3. People built the strong bridge five years ago
______________________________________________
4. Olivia was studying English at 7 yesterday morning
________________________________________________
5. Father reads the newspapers everyday
________________________________________________
6. They finished the work on time last Monday
________________________________________________
7. The girl has opened the windows this morning
________________________________________________
8. The boy pays the school fee every month
________________________________________________
9. The children visited the zoo last week
________________________________________________
10. Someone may call a taxi for you
________________________________________________
11. The servant is washing the clothes in the bath room
________________________________________________
12. The man will build a new house here next month
________________________________________________
13. People wear warm clothes in winter
________________________________________________
14. We can make a delicious meal in a few minutes
________________________________________________
15. Mother bought some apples in the market yesterday
________________________________________________
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Task 5
Choose the right answer by crossing a,b,c,d,or e !
1. Adi : Why does the baby next door keep crying ?
Susy : As usual, it ____________ by the baby sister.
a. is neglecting d. is to be neglected
b. is neglected e. was neglected
c. neglects
2. Indra : Mr. Anwar looks very happy today
Wawan : Don’t you know he ____________ to general manager
a. has promoted d. have been promoted
b. promoted e. has been promoted
c. to be promoted
3. Ira : May I borrow your laptop ?
Tita : Certainly, but what’s wrong with yours ?
Ira : It ____________ now
a. is being repaired d. has been repaired
b. is repaired e. repaired
c. will repaired
4. Yuyun : What happened to your skirt ?
Vina : Oh, ____________ when I jumped over the fence.
a. it tore d. to be torn
b. it was torn e. it tears
c. it will tear
5. Harris : How old is the mosque ?
The man : Well, it ____________ in 1870
a. builds d. is built
b. built e. was built
c. has been built
6. Customer : I want the red dress displayed in the window yesterday
Salesgirl : I am sorry, it ____________
a. is selling d. is sold
b. sold e. have been sold
c. has been sold
7. Because of the heavy rain, the city ____________ for several days last month
a. flooded d. was flooded
b. will be flooded e. is flooding
c. must be flooded
8. Andi : You’re not driving your car
Iwan : No, ____________
a. it was repaired d. it is being repaired
b. it have been repaired e. it repairs
c. it repaired
9. People eat rice in Indonesia
We can also say : Rice ____________ in Indonesia
a. is eaten d. has eaten
b. was eaten e. will be eaten
c. is being eaten
10. Don’t drink the water, it is poisonous.
It means the water cannot be ____________
a. drink d. drinking
b. drank e. drunk
c. drinks
Task 6
Put the verbs in the brackets into the Present Tense. No. 1 has been done for you.
TSUNAMI
Tsunamis (1) occur ( occur ) when a major fault under the ocean floor suddenly (2) ____________
( slip ). The displaced rock (3) ____________ ( push ) water above it like a giant paddle, producing powerful
water waves at the ocean surface.
The ocean waves (4) ____________ ( spread ) out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and
move across the ocean until they (5) ____________ ( reach ) the coastline, where their height (6)
____________ ( increase ) as they reach the continental shelf, the part of the earth’s crust that slopes, or rises
from the ocean floor up to the land.
Tsunamis (7) ____________ ( wash ) ashore with often disastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss
of lives due to drowning and damage to property.
A tsunami (8) ____________ ( be ) a very large sea wave that (9) ____________ ( be ) generated by a
disturbance along the ocean floor. This disturbance can be an earthquake, a landslide or a volcanic eruption
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A tsunami (10) ____________ ( be ) undetectable far out in the ocean, but once it (11) ____________
( reach ) shallow water, this fast-traveling wave grows very large.
Task 7
Turn the sentences below into the negative ant the interrogative forms
Speech Functions
Expressing promise
Task 8
Read these conversations and answer the questions
a. Situation : This morning when Ani entered the living room she found her favorite vase broken. She
asked Nancy and Gery about it.
Ani : Wow, my favotite vase has broken. Who has done it Nancy ?
Nancy : Are you accusing me ?
Ani : No, I’m just asking you
Nancy : How about asking Gery ?
Ani : Gery, did you break my vase ?
Gery : Yes, but I did it accidentally. Sorry, it’s my fault. But don’t worry, I’ll buy a new one for
you
Ani : Alright, but I want the similar one
Gery : O.K. I promise
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b. Situation : Nina’s computer is out of order. She wonders who has done it
Nina : My computer is out of order it doesn’t work who has done it ?
Popy : I have no idea
Nina : But you often play with it
Popy : I just play with it not break it
Nina : Right, but you are the only one who could have done it
Task 9a
Rearrange these paragraphs into the right order of explanation text !
Nuclear Energy
1. These activities require extremely sophisticated an interactive industrial processes and many specialized
2. The fission process releases heat, which it uses to produce steam to drive a turbine to generate electricity
3. The production of a reliable supply of electricity from nuclear fission requires mining, milling and
transporting uranium, enriching uranium ( increasing the percentage of the uranium isotope U-235 ) and
packing it in appropriate form building and maintaining the reactor and associated generating equipment
and treating and disposing of spent fuel
4. The operation of a nuclear reactor and the related electricity-generating equipment is only one part of an
inter connected set activities
5. Nuclear energy is generated by the splitting, or fission of atoms of uranium or heavier elements
Task 9b
Answer the following questions !
UJI KOGNITIF 2
Text 1
Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate for? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world
for chocolate so you can understand exactly what you’re eating.
Chocolate starts with a tree called the cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in
place such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of small
pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cacao beans.
The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped to the chocolate maker.
The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavor. Different beans from different place
have different qualities and flavor, so the are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the
roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao beans bean from its shell. Then,
the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It
tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans
are half fat, which is why the ground nibs from liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.
30
1. The text is about ….
a. the cacao tree
b. the cacao beans
c. the raw chocolate
d. the making of chocolate
e. the flavor of chocolate
3. “ …., so the are often sorted and blended to produce ….” ( Paragraph 3 )
The underline word is close in meaning to ….
a. arranged
b. combined
c. separated
d. distributed
e. organized
Text 2
Wood chipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper product from the forest. The wood
chipping process begins when the trees are cut down is in selected area of the forest called a couple.
Next, the top and branches of the trees are cut out and the logs are taken to the mill. At the mill, the
bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a chipper, which cut them into small pieces called
woodchip. The woodchips are the screened to remove dirt and other impurities. At this stage, the are either
exported in this from or made into pulp by chemicals and heat. The pulp is then bleached and the water content
is removed.
Finally, the pulp is rolled out to make paper.
7. “At this stage, they are either exported in this from or ….” ( Paragraph 2 )
The underlined word refer to ….
a. logs
b. pulp
c. process pulp
d. raw woodchips
e. clean woodchip
8. “ The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities.”
( Paragraph 2 )
In other word, they are ….
a. repaired
b. cleaned
c. moved
d. removed
e. processed
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Text 3
Nearly all energy is derived from the sun, either indirectly or directly, in the form of the form of heat
rays and light rays. Electrical energy is derived from the sun indirectly. It can be derived from the power of the
earth’s surface, by mean of the sun’s heat. This water vapour rises, condenses on cooling, and falls as rain.
The light and heat energy from coal is also derived indirectly from the sun. Coal was formed by the
pressure of the rocks on vegetation which died million of years ago. That vegetation grew with the aid of
sunlight, from which carbohydrates were formed, thus converting solar energy into chemical energy. When
coal is burn some of this energy is released.
Energy used to drive car engines is derived from petrol, which is also formed with the indirect aid of
the sun. Plants and animal were pressed under the rocks in the earth. These dead animals and vegetables
remains formed petroleum, from which petrol and oil are now obtained.
Thus the sun can be said to be source of nearly all energy, and in the absence of the sun’s heat and
light, no life could exist on earth.
11. The following is an example of the use of solar energy in a straight way. That is ….
a. the evaporation of the water on the earth’s surface
b. the producing of electrical energy using waterfall
c. the forming the petrol and coal
d. the pressure of diet plants and animals
e. the burning of petrol and coal
13. What was coal derived from? Coal was derived from ….
a. the sun
b. the rocks
c. vegetation
d. animals
e. plants and animals
15. “Coal was formed by the pressure of the rocks on vegetation which ….”
“vegetation” means ….
a. plants and animals
b. vegetables and animals
c. fruit and vegetables
d. plant and trees
e. grass and vegetables
18. “…. Thus converting solar energy into chemical energy.” ( Paragraph 2 )
“converting” means ….
a. producing
b. changing
c. consuming
d. conversing
e. converging
20. In the absence of the sun heat and light, no life could exist on the earth.
The sentence has the same meaning as ….
a. there could not be sun heat and light, without the life on the earth.
b. the life could exist on the earth if the sun heat and light were absent.
c. if the sun heat and light exist, there would be no life.
d. there could not be any life on earth without the sun heat and light.
e. if not life could exist on earth, the sun heat and light would absent.
Text 4
Why do Volcanoes Erupt?
A volcanic eruption occurs when hot, liquid rock from far beneath the earth’s surface bursts outward
through an opening in the earth’s crust. A volcano that is eruption is said to be ‘active’. An ‘ extinct’ volcano is
one which will not erupt again.
There are active volcanoes in many parts of the world, both on land and under the ocean. As gases in
the liquid rock or ‘magma’ build up pressure, they force the magma upward through the vent of the volcano.
The magma bursts through an opening in the surface of the earth called a crater, together with ash,
smoke, and steam. The magma is now called lava. The lava oozes down the outside of the volcano, where it
cools and hardens in layers to from the volcano’s ‘cone’.
22. What is the name given to volcanoes that not longer erupt?
a. active volcanoes
b. dead volcanoes
c. extinct volcanoes
d. dangerous volcanoes
e. old volcanoes
23. What happens after the gases in the magma build up pressure?
a. The volcanoes become an active volcanoes.
b. The magma burst through a crater.
c. Ash, smoke and steam burst through a crater.
d. The gases force the magma upward through the vent of volcanoes.
e. The magma was force by the pressure upward through the vent of the volcanoes.
24. The following items are included of the text above, except ….
a. focus on generic, human participants
b. simple present tense
c. general nouns
d. abstract nouns
e. conjunction of time and close
33
25. The lava oozes down the outside of the volcano, …. ( the last sentence ).
The word ‘oozes’ has the similar meaning with ….
a. spreads out
b. runs
c. climbs
d. increases
e. passes slowly
26. …., they force the magma upward through the vent of the volcano.
The word ‘they’ refers to ….
a. active volcanoes
b. liquid rocks
c. smoke
d. gases
e. layers
Text 5
Rain always comes from clouds. But where do clouds come from? How does all the water get into the
sky?
Think about your bathroom. There is hot water in your bath. Steam goes up from the hot water. The
steam makes small clouds in the bathroom. These warm clouds meet the cold walls and windows, and then we
see small drops of water on the walls and windows.
The word is like your bathroom. The water in the oceans is warm when the sun shines on it. Some of
this water goes up into the sky and makes clouds. The wind carries the clouds for hundreds of kilometers. The
clouds meet the cold air in the sky, then we’ll see drop of water. The drops of water are rain.
The rain falls and runs into rivers. Rivers run into oceans. And the water from oceans changes into
clouds and become rain. So water is always moving from oceans to clouds to rain to river to oceans.
28. Which of the following is the right sequence in the formation of rain?
a. cloud – rain – water – steam
b. steam – cloud – rain – water
c. water – steam – cloud – rain
d. rain – steam – cloud – water
e. water – cloud – steam – rain
30. What will happen if the cloud carried by the wind meet the cold air in the sky?
It will become ….
a. drops of water
b. heavy rain
c. cold water
d. floods
e. clouds
31. Beni: You must lift this bag.
Budi : Yes, Sir.
The underlined sentence expresses….
a. Eagerness c. possibility e. giving order
b. asking information d. capability
UNIT 3
RURAL AND URBAN LIFE
(Spoken Discussion)
A. Building Knowledge of the Field
A.1. Brainstorming
Activity 1
Answer these questions.
1. What picture is it?
_______________________________________________
2. What do you see in the picture?
_______________________________________________
3. Do you think the houses are rural or crowded?
_______________________________________________
4. Do you think the air is still fresh?
_______________________________________________
5. What do you think of living in that condition?
_______________________________________________
Activity 2.
Answer these questions
1. What picture is it?
_______________________________________________
2. What do you see in the picture?
_______________________________________________
3. Do you think the houses are rural or crowded?
_______________________________________________
4. Do you think the air is still fresh?
_______________________________________________
5. What do you think of living in that condition?
_______________________________________________
Activity 3.
Complete this paragraphs with the words provided.
Two students were ………… the school’s new rule that all the students must wear a cap and tie. One of them
showed her ………... She said that wearing a cap and tie was only ………… for a flag ceremony. So, she was
against the rule. ………… to the girl’s opinion, the other student was glad with it. He said that he didn’t mind
with the new rule ………… wearing a cap and tie will make the students look great and like real educated
persons. The first student gave the reasons that they would feel ………… and hot. Moreover, the classrooms
were nor air conditioned. The second said it wasn’t a big ………… . He was sure that the students would wear
them ………… . They would surely be used to it anyway.
Activity 4.
Discuss with your friends. Mention the advantages of living in a city and in a village. List them in the
following table.
35
A.2. Grammar Functions
A.2.1. Connectives of Contrast
Connectives of contrast mean the words that are used to connect sentences which have contrastive
meaning.
They are however, although, even though, though, even if, despite, and despite of.
For example:
He never gives donation.
He never gives donation even though he is a rich man.
He is a rich man.
The following are the complete examples. Pay attention to their position in a sentence.
No Connectives Examples
1 However They play basket ball well. However, they cannot win the game.
2 Although Although they play basket ball well, they cannot win the game.
3 Even though They cannot win the game even though they play basket ball well.
4 Though They cannot win the game. They play basket ball well, though.
5 Even if They cannot win the game even if they play basket ball well.
1 Despite Despite playing basket ball well, they cannot win the game.
2 In spite of In spite of playing basket ball well, they cannot win the game.
Note:
However
Although
Even though are followed by sentences.
Though
Even if
Despite
are followed by noun phrase or gerund.
In spite of
Activity 5.
Use the appropriate contrastive connectives to fill in the blank.
1. My sister keeps trying to talk anything. The program is contrastive with his heart, …………… .
2. …………… some failures, she never gave up to protect the animal from the hunters.
3. The old people in the village refused to get injection against cholera …………… three people have died of
it.
4. …………… having done everything, his girl friend couldn’t forgive him.
5. The patient has done chemotherapy for two years. He, ………….., never gets recover from the cancer.
6. …………… he has a lot of saving money in a bank. He never donates poor people around him.
7. …………… I have an old motorcycle, I never shy with that.
A.2.2. Causative
Activity 7.
Read the dialogue and answer the questions.
Mark : What are you doing, Twain? You look so busy.
Twain : Yes. I am finishing my English homework. The teacher will have me collect it tomorrow.
Mark : Why do you write it many times? I think you should write it only once.
Twain : Actually you’re right. My teacher had the students finish the homework yesterday but I
couldn’t do that. So, he gets me to write it five times as a punishment.
Mark : Oh that’s too bad. Why couldn’t you finish it yesterday? It must be very difficult homework.
Twain : I don’t think so. I couldn’t finish it yesterday because my father makes me accompany my
uncle to have sightseeing all day. After that I felt very tired and went sleeping.
Mark : I see what your problem is.
Questions.
1. Who are Mark and Twain?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What is Mark doing?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What did the teacher ask to Mark?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Did Mark finish the homework on time?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Why couldn’t Mark finish his homework?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. What punishment did the teacher give to Mark?
36
___________________________________________________________________________
7. What did Mark do after accompanying his uncle?
Activity 8.
Study the following information
Causative HAVE and GET
Causative “HAVE” adalah susunan kalimat dengan menggunakan “HAVE” yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan suatu pekerjaan yang dikerjakan oleh orang lain untuk sang “subyek”. Jadi, kata “have “ ini
bermakna menyuruh atau memerintah. Selain kata “have” kata lain yang mengandung makna serupa adalah
“GET”.
Hanya saja penerapan dalam kalimat mempunyai perbedaaan pola.
Causative have dan get dengan OBYEK AKTIF Causative have dan get dengan OBYEK PASIF
S + have + O 1 + V1 + O2 S + have + O + V3
get
Example: Example:
Robert has his friends bring the bag. Robert has the bag brought.
The boy had the girl tell the truth. The boy had the truth told.
S + get + O 1 + to V1 + O2
Example:
Robert gets his friends to help him. Robert gets the bag brought.
The boy got the girl to tell the truth. The boy got the truth told.
Activity 9.
Example : Mother has my sister ………… the floor. (sweep)
Mother has my sister sweep the floor.
Activity 10.
Change the following sentences by using Active Object.
Example : Jabir had the water boiled soon.
Jabir had someone boil the eggs soon.
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1. Mother orders the floor cleant everyday.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Dina made the car repaired by the yesterday.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The manager will get the office decorated next month.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. We must let the clothes washed cleanly.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The lazy student has his homework done.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Activity 11.
Change the following sentences by using Passive Object.
Example : Ahmad got the carpenter to finish the job.
Ahmad got the job finished.
Activity 13.
Learn these expressions below.
Activity 14.
Make a transactional dialogue using expression of Accusing, Denying, and Regretting based on the situation
given.
1. The flowers in the pot are dry. You blame your sister never waters it. Your sister denies that.
X : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Y : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
X : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Y : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
X : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Y : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Your team has lost the game. The coach accuses you because you played badly. You regret it.
X : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Y : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
X : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Y : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
X : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Y : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Your father wants to make a bamboo handicraft but he lost the bamboo he has prepared in his room. Your
father blames you for this mistake. Actually, you don’t know anything about it.
X : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Y : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
X : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Y : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
X : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Y : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Your boss asks you to manipulate the bill tax. You don’t want to do it because it is sin.
X : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Y : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
X : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Y : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
X : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Y : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B. Modelling of Text.
Activity 15.
Read this text. Then answer the questions
Title: Living in a city
Statement of Issue Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.
Arguments for On the plus side, it is often easier to find work, and there is usually a
choice of public transport. So you don’t need to own car. Also, there
are a lot of interesting things to do and places to see.
Arguments for For example, you can eat in a good restaurant, visit museum, and go
to the theater and to a concerts. What is more, when you want to
relax, you can usually find a park where you can feed the ducks or
just sit on a park bench and read a book. All in all, city life is full of
bustle and variety and you need never feel bored.
Arguments against However, for every plus there is a minus. For one thing, you might
have a job, but unless it is very well paid, you will not be able to
afford many of the things that there are to do, because living in s city
is often very expensive.
Arguments against It is particularly difficult to find good, cheap accommodation. What is
more, public transport is sometimes crowded and dirty, particularly in
the rush hour, and even the parks can become very crowded,
especially on Sundays when it seems that every city dweller is
looking for some open space and green grass. Last of all, despite all
the crowds, it is still possible to feel very lonely in a city.
Conclusion/recommendation In conclusion, I think that city life can be particularly appealing to
young people, who like the excitement of the city and don’t mind the
noise and pollution. However, many people, when they get older, and
particularly when they have young children, often prefer the peace
and fresh air of the countryside.
(Based on article in The Week-end Australian Magazine, Feb 2005)
Answer the question related to the text organization and language features.
1. What is the purpose of this text?
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the genre of this of text?
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the “issue”?
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. What is explained in the argument “for”?
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. What is explained the argument “against”?
_____________________________________________________________________________
6. What is the content of “Conclusion”?
_____________________________________________________________________________
7. What kind of tense is mostly used in writing this text?
_____________________________________________________________________________
39
8. Mention some key words which show that the text is belong to a certain genre!
_____________________________________________________________________________
Activity 16.
Answer the question related to the content of the text
1. What is the text about?
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. What are plus side of the city?
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. What are the bad things if we are in the city?
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. What condition can make the transportation in the city uncomfortable?
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. Who prefer peace and fresh air of the countryside?
_______________________________________________________________________________
Activity 17.
Read the summary
Discussion Text
A. Definition
Discussion texts are used to look at more than one side of an issue. This text allows us to
explore various perspectives before coming to a conclusion.
B. Purpose
To present two points of view about an issue.
C. Structure
Issue
Arguments for
Arguments against
Conclusion/Recommendations
D. Language Features;
The text mainly uses:
General nouns : city, restaurant, park
Relating verbs : is, are
Thinking verbs : think, feel
Contrastive connectives : however
Causal connectives : because
Modalities : can
Adverb : especially
Activity 19.
Present the result in front of the class and give opportunity to other group to comment your result.
A. Setting
Md Tk
A1 N1
A2 N2
A2 N3
Note:
A1 : Affirmative team 1 N1 : Negative Team 1
A2 : Affirmative team 2 N2 : Negative Team 2
A3 : Affirmative team 3 N3 : Negative Team 3
Md : Moderator Adj1 : Adjudicator 1
Tk : Time Keeper Adj2 : Adjudicator 2
Adj3 : Adjudicator 3
2. Time Keeper
Tells the speaker about time limitation
Gives sign if the time for speaking is over
Announces to the floor if the time for debate is over
3. Adjudicators
Tell the common errors done by the contestants
Give the adjudication
41
5. Negative team (it is usually called as the opponent team)
Reject the motion proposed by the affirmative team
Give supporting arguments against the issue
Ask the affirmative team to propose new arguments if the issue presented before is not accurate
6. Time allocation
for the primary speech : 7 minutes for each member of the team
for reply speech : 5 minutes for each member of team
2. Time keeper
Tells the speaker about time limitation
Knock : The speaker starts giving argumentation
Knock, knock : 1 minutes left for the speaker
Knock, knock, knock : Time is out for the speaker
3. Affirmative team
a. Define the statements (motion) being proposed:
Example : City is a place which all happiness exist because there is ……………
b. Give supporting arguments for the case.
Example : Living in the city can be the best choice if …………
1. …………
2. …………
3. …………
4. Negative team
a. Reject the motion defined by the affirmative team
Example : I think the reasons given by the affirmative team about plus side of living in the city are
incorrect….…
b. Give supporting arguments against the issue.
1. …………
2. …………
Activity 21
Let us do the debate.
Choose one of the following “Topics”
- Should we own cellular phone?
- Internet: allowed or prohibited?
- Must the students wear black shoes and white socks?
(Written Discussion)
42
A. Building Knowledge of Field
A.1. Brainstorming
Activity 1
Answer the following questions orally. Discuss them with your friends.
1. Do you often discuss problems with your friends?
2. What issues do you discuss?
3. Do you always give your arguments for?
4. Do you always give your arguments against?
5. Why do you discuss those issues?
Activity 2
Complete the following passage with the correct words from the box.
Computer Technology
Before computer was (1) ……… everyone was doing writings, recordings, accountings, drawings and
so on (2) ……… on papers, blue prints, cardboards and so forth. Stored them in filling cabinets and drawing
racks. So if you wanted to do a presentation you had to carry this thick files, or bundle of drawings with you.
With the invention of computer, all these processes are (3) ………. All you have to do is to put your
invention, data, letters, designs, manuscripts, and almost everything in your computer and burn it into Compact
Disc, which you can just keep in your bag. Another advantage is that you can (4) ……… transfer your works
or records to your customers and friends all over the world almost immediately. Some banking and
government transactions which (5) ……… to be done in person, now can be done through internet.
However, there are serious (6) ……… in computer systems. There are many incidents where personal
data being stolen and used for cheating without the (7) ……… being identified let alone apprehending them.
There are many cases where data wrongly entered by national credit bureau (8) ………. Victim’s
applications being rejected because a blacklisted man who (9) ……… the same name with the victim was (10)
……… entered into computers. There are still many complaints from customers about the electronic banking
often flawed.
Activity 3
Study the dialogue below and practice with your friend.
Mr. Peter : So you want to marry my daughter.
Max : That’s right, sir.
Mr. Peter : If I give you permission, what is your plan next?
Max : I’m going to apply for a job.
Mr. Peter : I wonder what you can do for a living.
Max : Of course a lot. I intend to go into business.
Mr. Peter : Business? What business?
Max : Export and import of canned food, I hope.
Mr. Peter : You say ‘I hope’. What do you mean “I hope”?
Max : Well, I’m planning it in here. (Points at his head).
Mr. Peter : My goodness, you are offering something uncertain. How can I trust you to live with my
daughter? So, how do you intend to keep a wife if you have no income?
Max : I really wish to make money soon, but don’t you think it takes time and needs a
process?
Mr. Peter : Then, where are you planning to live?
Max : There’s a house that goes with the job.
Mr. Peter : But, you are out of work and you said you intend to have a business.
Max : No, I mean …Hm…if the business goes well and we have enough money, we’ll buy a
house.
Mr. Peter : Good Lord! I won’t allow you to marry my daughter, young man. Period!
Activity 4
Discuss the questions with your friends.
1. Have you ever thought about your future life?
2. How old do you plan to get married?
3. What is your purpose in getting married?
4. Watt do you hope for after getting married?
5. How many children do you plan to have?
Activity 5
Make questions and answers based on the pictures in accordance with the clue given in the brackets. Number
one has been done for you.
1. (plan)
Q : What do you want to achieve by 19 January?
A : I wish to review all book 1.
2. (wonder)
Q : ……………………………………………………………………
A : ……………………………………………………………………
3. (hope)
Q : ……………………………………………………………………
A : ……………………………………………………………………
4. (plan)
Q : ……………………………………………………………………
A : ……………………………………………………………………
5. (hope)
Q : ……………………………………………………………………
A : ……………………………………………………………………
6. (wonder)
Q : ……………………………………………………………………
A : ……………………………………………………………………
That/Which
Note:
In speaking, that can be used for people, but not in formal written English.
The relative pronoun completely replaces a duplicated noun phrases. There can be no regular pronoun
along with the relative pronoun.
Incorrect : This is the book that I bought it yesterday.
Correct : This is the book that I bought yesterday.
We bought the stereo. The stereo had been advertised at a reduced price. (duplicate noun phrase)
We bought the stereo that had been advertised at a reduced price.
44
Who/Whom
Who is used when the noun phrase being replaced is the subject position of the sentence.
Whom is used when it is from the complement position (object)
If you have difficulty deciding whether who or whom should be used, remember the following rule:
……… who + verb ………
……… whom + noun ………
We also use the form of whom after a preposition. In this case, the preposition should also be moved to
position before whom in formal written English.
Example:
a. The men are angry.
b.The woman is talking to the men.
The men (the woman is talking to the men) are angry.
The men to whom the woman is talking are angry.
Whose
The relative pronoun indicates possession.
Example:
1. a. John found a cat.
b. The cat’s leg was broken
John found a cat whose leg was broken.
2. a. Joni has received a promotion.
b. Joni’s father is the manager of the company.
Joni whose father is the manager of the company has received a promotion.
Activity 8
Complete the following sentences with who, that, whose, which, or whom.
1. John bought a camera …… has three lenses.
2. She is the one …… knows the problem.
3. Jane is the woman …… is going to China next week.
4. I met the girl …… daughter is in our class.
5. Mr. Brian …… team has lost the game looks very sad.
6. The dress …… Mrs. John wears is new.
7. The teacher …… we like very much live in Jogja.
8. The dentist is with a child …… teeth are causing some problem.
9. I saw the film …… made me cry.
10. Teachers…… don’t spend enough time on class preparation often have difficulty explaining new
lesson.
Activity 9
Combine the pairs of sentences using relative pronouns.
2. Did you hear the news? The news are reported by reporter.
……………………………………………………………………
3. The girl is a secretary. She is wearing a brown uniform.
……………………………………………………………………
4. She is a nice girl. I met her yesterday.
……………………………………………………………………
5. Elo is a great singer. His song will make hi famous.
……………………………………………………………………
6. James bought a boat. The boat cost thirty thousand dollars.
……………………………………………………………………
B. Text Modeling
45
Activity 10
Read this text then answer he questions.
BOXING
There was a lot of discussion about whether boxing should be banned
The people who agree with this idea, such as Sarah, claim that if they do carry on boxing they should
wear something to protect their heads. The also argue that people who have brain damage and get seriously
hurt. A further point they make is that most of the people that have died did have families.
However, there are also strong arguments against this point of view. Another group of people believe
that boxing should not be banned. They say why was it invented if it is such a dangerous sport. A further
reason is that if they ban boxing it will ruin people careers.
After looking at the different point of view and the evidence for them I think boxing should be banned
because five hundred people have died in boxing since 1884.
Activity 11
Answer the following questions!
1. What is the topic of the text?
……………………………….
2. Is boxing a dangerous sport?
………………………………….
3. Who agree that boxing should be banned?
…………………………………………………
4. Why could people who do boxing have brain damage and get seriously hurt?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
5. How many people have died since 1884?
………………………………………………
Activity 12
In pairs, discuss the following questions.
1. What is the purpose of the text?
……………………………………
2. What do you call this kind of text?
...................................................
3. Can you explain in your own words the text organization?
…………………………………………………………………
4. What is the “issue”?
………………………
5. What does the argument “for” point say?
………………………………………………
6. What does the argument “against” point say?
……………………………………………………
7. What is the conclusion?
…………………………
8. What do you think of the speaker’s attitude?
…………………………………………………
Activity 13
In pairs, label the parts of the text!
46
to control genetic experiments. While some members of the
scientific community feel that these rules are too strict, many other
people feel that they are still not strict enough.
Some children, however, spend most of their time to play games. Those games also bring bad influence to
them. The children are often too much exposed to violence in their childhood.
Video games are important to kill children’s boredom, to refresh their mind after a tiring school day. It can
make them more creative because the games provide challenging ways to win.
In the USA, a couple of years ago, a student shot his teacher and some of his friends. Newspaper said that
the boy was deeply influenced by the actions in the video games he used to play with.
Video games also make children lazy. Most of them prefer playing games to studying.
Nowadays, the video games industry is developing rapidly. It becomes a multi- billion dollar industry.
Video games become an important part of not only the children’s life but also the adults. Nevertheless,
there is an argument whether video games have good or bad influences on children.
Paragraph 1.
Paragraph 2.
Paragraph 3.
Paragraph 4.
Paragraph 5.
Activity 15
Create the “issue” and the “conclusion” of this text.
The arguments of “for” and “against” are mixed. Separated them and put them in the right places provided
below to make a good and meaningful text.
Credit card has many advantages as a means of payment. The most practical benefit of this magical plastic
card is that the cardholders don’t need to carry cash. Yet, with all its benefits, having a credit card
involves some risks. One is the cardholder’s tendency to spend more money than he or she should, or can
afford to. Cards come in handy when wee buy on impulse and may not have enough money with us. With
credit cards we can pay for things in an emergency without having to wait for our end-of-the month
paycheck. Who isn’t lured by the “buy-now-pay-later” Concept? Actually, when you use a credit card, you
buy on credit, which means that you have to pay interest. And like all other bank loans, your debts will
swiftly add up when you fail to make the regular monthly payments. Our card even enables us to get a
cash in advanced from an authorized bank or from an ATM. And another risk is being overcharged.
.
Elaboration
47
.
Elaboration
Conclusion
Activity 16
Pay attention to the picture and answer the following questions.
Definition
POSTER
Poster is a media to give information about the event which will be held in a certain time. The information
includes WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, and HOW the event be held. The events include film show, play/drama
show, or musical show. Poster is made charmingly to attract the people interest to come to the event.
Activity 17
Work in a group of four. Choose one of the following themes. Make a poster to convey your message.
Time of study.
Healthy food.
Natural Conservation.
The Danger of Smoke
UJI KOGNITIF 3
03. Andiend : Mother can leave their children at these centers during the day.
This idea can be found in paragraph…
Mefi : I think it is in paragraph … .
a. One c. three e. five
b. Two d. four
04. Andien : When did father see the children very often?
Mefi : Father saw their children … .
a. on weekends c. on Tuesday e. on Wednesday
b. everyday d. every night.
Text 2.
Having a Large Family
A marriage couple at present day usually has one or two children only. Comparing to the old time, a
family usually has many children; four or five children minimally. Which one is more advantages ? having a
few or many children?
For those who support a large family, having a large family get a lot of benefits. When the outing
times is come, for example, picnics, visits and trips are much more enjoyable in a larger group. There is also
more help available if any work or chores need to be done. In times of trouble, too, more heads are often better
than fewer.
For those who are against having a large family, large family means more mouths to feed and more
bodies to clothe. The family may have to sacrifice the education of some of the children in order to further that
of the others, or even sacrifice the education of all children for survival of the family. If the father is the sole
bread-winner, an unfortunate accident which prevents him from working may plunge the whole family into
despair and helpless.
In summary, having a large family should be considered again
06. Andien : What kind of text is it?
Mefi : It is … text.
a. Procedure c. narrative e. explanation
b. Recount d. discussion
08. Andien : If I’m not mistaken, our teacher had explained about the generic structure of
the text above. But, I forget it. Can you tell me?
Mefi : Of course, they are…
a. Orientation, events, re-orientation.
b. Issue, argument for, argument against , conclusion/recommendation
c. Orientation, complication, resolution
d. Issue, argument for, argument against, conclusion.
e. General statement, sequenced of explanation
09. Andien : Sentences” For those who are against having a large family, large family means more
mouths to feed and more bodies to clothe“. in the generic structure of the text above
belongs to….
Mefi : It belongs to…..
a. Issue c. arguments against e. re-orientation
b. arguments for d. conclusion
10. Dania : …..an unfortunate accident which prevents him from working may plunge the whole
family into despair and helpless.(pr. 3 stc 3). The word “him” refers to ….
49
Sumarni : it refers to ….
a.large family c. husband e. children
b. small family d. wife
12. Dian : We must take this picture. Look, she is taking a bath. Where is your handphone?
Dina : …………… It breaks the law.
a. I agree c. That’s not a good idea e. I like it
b. I have no objection d. OK
15. Dian : You promised to buy me a new vase yesterday. Where is it?.
Dina : ….. I’ll buy it today.
a. I ‘ll keep my words c. That’s not a good idea e. you must be blamed for this
b. I object to you d. I admit I was wrong
18. Dian : You look great! Your clothes are always new everyday.
Dina : It is due to the ……..of her majesty . She always gives me everything I need
a. kindhood c. kindment e. kindtion
b. kindity d. kindness
19. Dian : I wonder, Where is Liana, the best student of our school
Dina : Look over there. She is the girl ……wears black hat.
a. which c. who e. whom
b. where d. whose
50
PERSIAPAN UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER
SEMESTER 5
02. The plane will ….the earth very fast if the engine fails to run.
a. move down d. decrease
b. fall down e. drop on
c. jump off
03. “ Moving forward keeps a stream of moving air passing over the wings “. This is used to ….
a. avoid the engine to fail.
b. keep the engine run well
c. make the wings move faster
d. make the plane stay up in the air.
e. over the air under the wing slowly
05. …. allows it to move rapidly through the air.(pr 2). The word “ It” refers to …
a. smooth c. shape e. plane
b. streamline d. air
Text 2.
Della and Jim Young, newly married, were poor. Jim’s wage was enough to rent only a very small
apartment. But there were two things of which each was extremely proud: Della had the longest and most
beautiful hair in all New York, and Jim possessed a magnificent gold pocket watch, given by his father.
Christmas was drawing near, and Jim and Della began to think what presents they could afford to
give each other. Della always noticed sadly, that when Jim looked at his watch (which he did when ever he
had an excuse to), it was fixed to the button-hole of his coat by a common old leather strap. He really needed
a gold chain. And Jim often thought , as he looked at Della doing her long hair, how nice it would look if only
he could buy her a jeweled comb to hold it in place. But a gold watch-chain or a jeweled hair comb would
have cost far more money than either of them possessed.
Now it was Christmas Eve. With tearful eyes Della had counted for the tenth time. Just 87 cents. “If
only I knew – “ she thought. Then suddenly she had a wonderful idea! Hurriedly putting on her old hat and
coat, she ran down the street to the shop with the notice ‘Hair bought’. She went in-and an hour later walked
out of the shop richer by 15 dollars, but without her hair ! On the way home she stopped at every watch
marker’s shop until at last she found exactly the right chain to suit Jim’s watch. …..
11. But a gold watch-chain or a jeweled hair comb would have cost far more money than either of them
possessed. The word “them” refers to……
A. jeweled hair comb D. Della and Jim
B. more money E. watchmakers.
C. gold-watch-chain
Text. 3
IN THE CITY
Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages. On the plus side, it is often easier to find work,
and there is usually a choice of public transport, so you don't need to own a car. Also, there are a lot of
interesting things to do and places to see, For example, you can eat in good restaurants, visit museums and go
to the theatre and to concerts. What is more, when you want to relax, you can usually find a park where you
can feed the ducks or just sit on a park bench and read a book. All in all, city life is full of' bustle and variety
and you need never feel bored.
However, for every plus there is a minus. For one thing, you might have a job, but unless it is very well-
paid, you will not be able to afford many of the things that there are to do, because living in a city is often very
expensive. It is particularly difficult to find good, cheap accommodation. What is more, public transport is
sometimes crowded and dirty, particularly in the rush hour, and even in the parks can become very crowded,
especially on Sundays when it seems that every city - dweller is looking for some open space and green grass.
Last of all, despite all the crowds, it is still possible to feel very lonely in a city.
In conclusion, I think that city life can be particularly appealing to young people, who like the excitement
of the city and don't mind the noise and pollution. However, many people, when they get older, and
particularly When they have young children, often prefer the peace and fresh air of the countryside.
13. Why won’t you be able to afford many of the things in a city ?
a. since living in a city is often very dear
b. Because you don’t have a good job.
52
c. Since you might have a very well paid job
d. Because city life is full of bustle and variety.
e. Because it is particularly difficult to find good, cheap accommodation.
Text 4.
Nearly all energy is derived from the sun, either indirectly, in the form of heat rays and light rays.
Electrical energy is derived from the sun indirectly. It can be derived from the power of water falling
down a mountainside. The water falls as rain, which is is formed by the evaporation of the water on earth’s
surface, by means of the sun’s heat. This water vapour rises, condenses on cooling, and falls as rain.
The light and heat energy from coal is also derived indirectly from the sun. coal was formed by the
pressure of the rocks on vegetation which died millions of years ago. That vegetation grew with the aid of
sunlight, from which carbohydrates were formed, thus converting solar energy into chemical energy. When
coal is burnt some of this energy is released. ‘thus the sun can be said to the source of nearly all energy, and in
the absence of the sun’s heat and light, no life coult exist on earth.
21. Mr. Budi : I am not satisfied with your service. I will never come here anymore.
Waitress : I am sorry sir/
The underlined sentence expresses ……..
a. agreement c. interrupting e. complain
b. disagreement d. regret
53
22. Sandy : …………………….for dropping your drink
Aulia : Never mind
a. excuse c. I have no objection e. That’s good
b. I beg your pardon d. not at all
29. X : Did you meet Mr. Josh ……..he left for Japan this morning?
Y : Not yet.
a. after c. after e.as
b. when d. until
THE PLACE
34. What
408kind of St.
w.14th textSuite
is it?
16
(212) 924-2193
a. invitation
54
b. Advertisement
c. Short message
d. Announcement
Text 6
TOUR CODE
BP 13
TOUR PROGRAM:
MINIATURE PARK, PLANET HOLLYWOOD AND PASARAYA
This beautiful park represents arts, cultures and the traditions of 27 provinces
of Indonesia is designed to give visitors a general view of Indonesian Archipelago.
The tour will take you to the museum Indonesia, where you will find a variety
of Indonesian traditioal costumes, Bird park and Indonesian Traditional Houses.
Next , we take a break at PLANET HOLLYWOOD, the world’s only dining
experience entirely inspired by the world of movies, featuring an extensive signature
memorabilia collection, which has now become the restaurant trademark. The tour
will end with a visit to PASARAYA, where you will find the largest collection of
35. The brochure
batiks, is mostly about…
handicrafts, . etc. (Note: lunch and Imax Theatre excluded)
paintings,
a. batiks collection
b. an exclusive restaurant
c. special interest tour
d. city sightseeing tour
Text 7
This is truly good news for kite lovers. This years the Jakarta Kite Flying Festival
will be staged on November 8-10, 2007 at the Taman Impian Jaya Ancol (Ancol
Dreamland). The festival will be draw Indonesian and foreign participants, each
presenting unique character to their kites. In the region,kite are made of simple
bamboo sticks and only paper and flown in open fields or in the middle of rice
paddies.
B. Essay
41. Combine these sentence using appropriate connectives
a. Mr. John worked hard everyday
b. He was young
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
56