Package forms

DEVELOPMENTS IN PACKAGE
FORMS
• In Paleothic times, food was consumed where found and
when needed such as hollow tree trunks,leaves,prices of
bark etc.
• In later times men learned to fashion containers from natural
materials.He deliberately hollowed out logs of stones and
animal parts used such as bladders,skin ,hair etc.
• Mesophilic men stored food surpluses in baskets made of
rushes and grasses.
• Neolithic men fashioned metal containers and discovered
pottery.
• The barrel ,wooden box , ceramic jar or pot,leather bag and
cloth sack are Adolf as civilization.
Common Package Forms
• A)Rigid Packages :They are formed in to a definite shape from a
sufficiently strong materials,so that they retain their shape when filled
with product and are not deformed unless subjected to sufficient
force to destroy or severely damage the total structure. Eg Metal,
Glass bottles etc.
• B)Semi rigid Packages : They are formed in to a definite shape from
less massive or weaker materials ,so that although they are not
intended to be distorted substantially when filled with the product ,
but they can be distorted without severely damaging the total
structure by the application of a moderate force. Eg Bag in box
system.
• C) Flexible Packages : They are formed to a definite shape when
empty but are made from sufficiently flexible materials that they
confirm their shape to the product they contain and may be distorted
or crushed with ease unless supported by the rigidity of the product.
Eg Flexible pouches and bags.
Some of the important
package forms are
• METAL BOXES/ CANS/TINS : With the
invention of tinplate , the fabrication of
soldered metal boxes was made possible.
Boxes can be designed with embossed
lettering or patterns, or printed paper labels can
be applied.Also metals can be printed.
• ALUMINIUM CONTAINERS : They provide
extreme convenience in preparation and
serving of foods.They can also withstand
extremes of temperatures.
• GLASS CONTAINERS : With a history dating back to ancient civilization ,
glass is still one of the major packaging materials the world over.It is quite
inert in nature.There are different types of it namely
• A) Bottles : These are the most extensively used type of glass container .
There may be different shapes of it but the neck is much round and
narrower than the body.
• B) Jars : These are very wide mouthed bottles and usually have no
appreciable neck.
• C). Tumblers : These are like jars but they are open ended .They have no
neck and no finfisha d are shaped like a drinking glass.
• D). Jugs : These are large sized bottles with carrying handles and are
usually used for liquids in large sizes.
• E) Carboys : These are very heavy shipping containers shaped like a
short necked bottle and having 10 litre or more capacity.
• TRAYS,PANS AND OTHER CONTAINERS : These category of packages
include dishes ,cups,bowls,pans,or trays such as pie pans and the TV
dinner tray.
• WOODEN AND CARDBOARD BOXES : One of the earliest packaging
materials ,and one that is still very useful ,is wood and it's various forms.
• COMPOSITE CONTAINERS : It is a container made from two or more
constituent materials .It usually consists of a paperboard body with metal
or plastic ends.The basic principles behind it is to use the competition of
materials which is best suited for the purpose ,in the minimum amounts
that are necessary to accomplish the packaging objectives.Three basic
types are available :
• A)Spiral wound containers
• B) Convolute wound composites
• C) Lap wound
• FIBRE DRUMS : A large version of the fibre can is the fibre
drum that is used for shipping bulk chemicals and other
industrial products.These are generally used for dry products
although with suitable plastic liners they can be used for
pastes and certain type of liquids.
• AEROSOL CONTAINERS : The aerosol can generally a 3 piece or
2 piece tin plate or aluminium container that has been specially
designed to hold a product under high internal pressure and to
dispense the product through an aerosol valve.
• RIGID PLASTIC PACKAGES : A very wide variety of rigid plastic
can be used in the form of thermoformed, injection - moulded
or blow molded containers.
• BLISTER PACKS : It is a thermoformed package and it is
obtained by using transparent sheet and cardboard.
• TRANSPORT /SHIPPING PACKAGES
• A) Master Packages : Normally they are outer containers in which the commodity
in bulk or packed units is placed to give protection against transit hazards.
• B) Cylindrical Shipping Containers : They have high stacking strength and can be
rolled in handling .They can be made from fibreboard ,glass,metal, plastic or wood.
• SEMI RIGID CONTAINERS : These are formed out of metal sheets / foils differ in
the degree of rigidity depending upon thickness ,temper,alloy and container designs.
Some are called rigid as they are not easily deformed.
• SET UP PAPERBOARD BOXES : These are made of four basic components which
are paperboard, adhesive,corner stays and coverings.
• FOLDING PAPER BOARD BOXES: A folding carton is a container made from
bending - type boxboard by diecutting and scoring it properly to fold into the
desired form.Two types of it are :-
• A) Tube types
• B). Tray types
• MOLDED PULP CONTAINERS : These containers are made of various virgin and
chemical wood pulp or wastewater pulp .The process used closely resembles
conventional papermaking techniques.
• FLEXIBLE PACKAGES : These are made from combination of flexible materials
which include the basic substrate , laminating adhesive,protective or decorative
coatings,and decorative inks.
• WRAPPERS : These are made from materials whose final shape conform to and are
governed by the product enclosed as opposed to rigid Packages which require the
product to confirm to the shape of the container.
• PREFORMED BAGS OR ENVELOPES: A flexible container which is open at one end
is broadly called a " bag" . Although in any size it can also be called a " sack".
• RETORTABLE POUCHES : A typical laminate for retortable pouch is 0.005
polyester/ 0.00035 foil with the outer ply designated first as it is customary for
pouch material.
• MULTI LAYER COLLAPSIBLE TUBES : These has traditionally been made of soft
metal,tin,lead,tin-lead, and in recent years aluminium.One end of the tube is a
threaded dispensing nozzle which can be closed by a screw cap closure.