PERSONAL ASSIGNMENT

ACADEMIC WRITING

Name : Lamsahatma Silalahi

NPM : 171210045

ENGLISH LITERATURE
FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES
PUTERA BATAM UNIVERSITY
2019
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Research

You must often hear what is called mother language, but do you understand
what is called mother tongue? How can the mother tongue process be obtained? Before
we learn. What language acquisition is and how it is done, we must first understand
what language is. Language is a communication tool used by humans to provide
information, narratives, suggestions and others. Try to challenge if until now we have
not used Language Certainly it will be very difficult with other people. An Indonesian
language is also obtained which is also obtained. Then what is the difference between
the two?
Language acquisition is a process when humans start getting a language
naturally from birth. Then what is mother language? Mother's language is the first
language that is heard and the first spoken. That is what is called language acquisition,
how do we get the mother tongue without going through an institution or teaching.
Whereas Language Learning is a process carried out by humans in receiving and
obtaining Language through an institution or teaching from certain people. Generally,
in learning this language most adults either add skills or just curiosity(Bernhardt &
Krashen 2006).
In the acquisition of language, the first acquired language is usually in the
form of vocals. Language learning is usually related to the process that occurs when a
child starts learning a second language after he learns his first language. So, language
acquisition is related to the first language. Language learning is more related to second
language and mother language is related to first language.
In general, an 18-month-old baby has almost 1,000 words, but the words
expressed are still unclear, for example: when you want to say the mother of the child
says 'ma', says father 'well' says eating 'mamam'. At this age the child is more likely to
say vocal sounds. When it is 2-3 years old the child is usually able to understand and
be able to digest his mother language, when the child is told by the mother the child
will carry it out but at this age the child has not been able to express something properly
and clearly (ambiguously).
After the child is 4 years old the child will fully master mother tongue with
good grammar. At this age children are able to adapt and adapt their mother language
according to the child's culture. Generally, children at this age have good language
development and develop without difficulty because they are easy to understand and
understand the language. Their language growth will also be easier to develop if they
have a supportive environment.
In normal children aged 5-6 years, many children have acquired the language
in other words they have obtained the components and meaning of the language
semantically. The components in question are syntactic components, lexicon
components and phonological components. Children at this age can recognize letters
and even make them in writing. Because generally children of this age have been
trained in a institution to become children who are skilled in writing or reading. They
also are no longer nervous when giving a narrative or idea to others and they are also
not ashamed to ask questions and answer them. Children can analyze a word or
sentence when they are 7 years old which is obtained in aspects of verbal ability that
are good and in accordance with their brain. Abilities that reflect the development of a
child's cognitive structure are called verbal abilities.
Every child must have different language skills, which are influenced by their
environment. Their language development will also be influenced by different
environments. The more modern the environment, the better the language will be. If a
child has a different language development than a normal child, then the child can be
said to have an abnormality. There are 2 processes that occur when a child acquires the
first language, namely the competency process and performance process. Both
processes are different processes. Where the process of Competence is the process of
mastering grammar that occurs unwittingly.
Process Performance is a prerequisite for the performance process that consists of tw
procedures, i.e. understanding, publication or the production of sounds or phrases.
1.2 Identification of The Problem
Based on the background above, the researcher discussed the problem as follows:
a. Children at the age of 18 months cannot express words clearly.
b. Most children have language development that is not so good
c. Environmental influences on the development of a child's language.

1.3 Limitation of the problem

The researcher limits the study about” the language acquisition and language
learning. The limitation is based on some reason. In this paper, the writer focused
to study about the meaning of language acquisition and the distinguish of language
acquisition and language learning.
a. Children at the age of 18 months cannot express words clearly.
In normally, an 18-month-old baby has almost 1,000 words, but the
words expressed are still unclear, for example: when you want to say
the mother of the child says 'ma', says father 'well' says eating 'mamam'.
At this age, the child is more likely to say vocal sounds so, the people
who hear still confused what the children says.
b. Environment influences on the development of a child's language.
In this case the environment highly influences for child’s development
language. The more children stay in good environment the more their
language improve and good. Environment also one of the influences on
children development language cause, when they stay in rural then the
language they get will be limited otherwise when they live in city their
language will be improve good.
1.4 Formulation of the problem
Based on the problem, the researcher wants to formulate the problem as follows
person:
a. What are the role parents in 8-years-old to improve their language children?
b. What are the environmental influences in developing children's language?

1.5 Purpose of the problem

Based on the background above, researchers can formulate as follows:
a. To know the causes why children in 8 years old not clearly say something.
b. To know the effect of environment to language development children.

1.6 Significant from The Problem

This research is expected to bring benefits to all students:
a. The reader can learn more about language acquisition
b. The reader can understand what language learning is
c. The reader can distinguish between language acquisition and language
learning
d. The reader can reach the language acquisition process from toddlers to 7
years old
e. The reader can learn what kind of language they obtained first.
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1 Language Acquisition

"Language is a discernment that genuinely makes us human. Though different
species do speak with a natural capacity to deliver a set number of significant
vocalizations (for example bonobos), or even with in part learned frameworks (for
example fowl melodies), there is no different species known to date that can express
interminable thoughts (sentences) with a constrained arrangement of images (discourse
sounds and words). (Rowland & Noble, 2010).” So, Language acquisition is a human
process of obtaining an ability to digest, understand and say a word that has a meaning
from birth. The first acquired language is usually in the form of a vowel and the word
that was first revealed is still ambiguous. Language acquisition involves various
abilities such as syntax, phonetics, and vocabulary. Language acquisition refers more
to mother tongue while the acquisition of a second language is one that examines the
acquisition of additional languages generally at the age of adulthood.
The acquisition of first language takes place gradually, even though it has its
own variety or uniqueness over a period and levels in babies who develop normally.
From birth, the baby will be faster and easier in responding to the human voice than
the other sounds. At the age of 1-2 months, the baby can distinguish the sounds he hears
even can distinguish people nearby, it is proven when carried by someone else then the
baby will automatically cry. At the age of 6 months, babies usually have started to say
ambiguous words e.g. mam, yah, mamam and so on. Unlike the age of 18 months, in
general babies at this age already have 50 vocabulary words and understand these
words. The pronunciation of the first child is in the form of holophrase, which is a
pronunciation that uses only one word to convey a sentence, the word expressed is the
meaning of the sentence. After the children express their words, they will try to
combine the two words and after a few months they will start making a complex
sentence. At the age of 3-5 years, the child's ability has begun to appear where they are
able to speak and understand it almost like an adult.
2.2 The Concept of Language Acquisition
Based on the acquisition process, mother tongue or first language and second
language or foreign language. The first language generally refers more to the medium
linguistic system. Second language refers more to teaching. What is called mother
tongue is the language that was first obtained and learned from her mother naturally or
whoever cared for it for the first time. In general, mother language refers to the
language of the parents. But in this increasingly modern era many parents speak with
their children using Indonesian and even foreign languages do not use regional
languages from their parents' origin.

2.3 Language Learning

According to study of linguistic, language learning has similarity it means the
people acquiring the new language, beside s of that language learning has an important
distinction and language acquisition. As I describe above, children acquire their mother
language through interaction with their parents and their environment.
Language learning is the process of some one to get a new language as the second
language. In generally, Language learning acquired when we start to go to school but
some people didn’t. Some people want to develop the ability in foreign communication,
so it’s needed to learn new language.

2.4 Previous Study

Before I made this article, some researchers have been researching about this
article. They had defined and describe this article completely. The first research I took
from (Ratnaningsih 2018) An Analysis of the First Language Acquisition: A Two
Years Girl. This research tells about what factors are associated with language
acquisition are regarded to be necessary to explain and took two years girls. Using
descriptive method. The research aims to explain the ability of human get language and
wants to tell about the factors in take the first language acquisition. This research
focused on two years girl as an object language acquisition.
The second research is made by (Essay et al. 2015) titled First Language
Acquisition. The research about theory from Chomsky said that children get helping
from others. Chomsky said the only way to describe children's acquisition of complex
language structures is to say that. With the technique of narration. The study objectives
examine the extent to which the acquisition of languages is inherent. The investigative
critique about the theory of Chomsky. But, despite critical analyses, the Chomsky
hypothesis is supportive. Therefore, the Chomsky innateness hypothesis remains the
primary hypothesis underlying the acquisition of the first language.
The next research came from (Sohnata Hutauruk 2015) that titled Children First
Language Acquisition At Age 1-3 Years Old In Balata. The research about problem in
first language acquisition. Using descriptive method. This research wants to tell about
the acquire of the language in 1-3 years children. In this research the writer got 9
problem when acquire the first language that is grammatical errors, phonological
errors, intangible speech, imitation, repetition, correction, showing questions,
experiential learning, laziness. Finally, the writer makes the conclusion that the role of
parents highly important to improve the language children.
The fourth research I took from (Meniado 2016) which titled First language
acquisition: A case study of a three-year old Lebanese child. This case study on a
Lebanese child Fun 3 years in the first language. Using qualitative method. In this
study, the author examines how learners communicate with different language inputs
to see how they treat them internally. parents observe their children that they acquire
language through learning and imitation through correction. Finally, the level of
different constructions of this communicative competence was also noted. Therefore,
the environment plays a significant part in the growth of the language of children.
The last article I took from (Meniado 2016) titled First Language Acquisition
and Classroom Language Learning. This research examines about the differences
between language acquisition with language learning. Using descriptive. In this study,
the key distinctions between learning approaches, mental and physiological processes,
and developmental milestones discovered in first language learning and a second
linguistic education environment are detected and discussed. You try to comprehend
the nature of language mastery more effectively by examining linguistic, social and
affective variables, such as the setting, motivation, and age, and by checking how two
processes interact. So, this research explains that not always clearly which one the
element first.
 CHAPTER III
METHOD OF RESEARCH

In this chapter is discussing about the method that used in conducting the
research are followed: research design, object of the research, population and sample,
method and technique of collecting date, method and technique of analysis date, and
method and technique of presenting date.

3.1 Research Design

Qualitative research methods are descriptive research methods and

more often use analysis. Qualitative methods arise when the data to be analyzed
is descriptive. In this study, researchers aimed to produce an objective result.
The researcher also wants to obtain a clear and detailed result so that it can be
easily understood by the reader.

3.2 Object of the Research

The research object used in the acquisition of language is children who are
1-3 years old in general. The data of this researcher are data directly from the
field and data according to their nature. The source of data obtained comes from
children aged 1-3 years. The data of this researcher is how the child's process
in conveying a word is good and clear.

3.3 Population and Sample

3.3.1 Population
The research had to determine the population before the sample was
collected. According to (sugiyono 2014) Population is an area of generalization
made from the item or topic which persuades the research to study its
 characteristics and characteristic region and then the source of the date which
gives certain features. The population of this study is about how children aged
1-3 years get their mother tongue and their level of difficulty in obtaining first
language.

3.3.2 Sample
Sukardi has indicated that the sample for information sources is part of
the population chosen. In taking samples, the most significant circumstances
are the adequate number of samples and the selected sample profile should be
taken into consideration (representative). Therefore, only research on samples
is carried out, but the results are generalized to the population (Sugiyono 2012).
As for the children who were sampled in this study were taken from videos on
YouTube and the videos taken were 4 videos.

3.4 Method and Technique of Collecting Data

In this technique, researchers used observation and documentation methods.
The researcher directly witnessed children aged 1-3 years compiling with their parents.
In addition, it also takes documentation made on videos taken from the internet.
According to (Berry 1999), In all fields of social science and in educational research
interviews were widely used in information collection. As indicated in the literature,
there are many kinds of interviews. This document, however, does not try to examine
each sort of interview. Rather, it focuses on a specific type–detailed interviews. The
presenter will clarify briefly her understanding of in-depth interviews and reports on
the technique used to obtain information in her study by the researchers.
The method used in this study to obtain the information is based on certain steps
and is:
1. The researcher took an observation from one of the residents in Citra
Laguna, Batam.
 2. The researcher directly observes children aged 1-3 years.
3. Researchers listen to how to talk to parents in children aged 1-3
years.
4. researchers chose how many videos were taken from the internet
(YouTube).
5. Analyze the videos that are taken and the rules according to the
content of the topic.

3.5 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data

In this analysis method, the author prefers using a descriptive technique
of assessment by using phrases, which are then described realistically to explain
each information acquired by analysis outcomes.

3.6 Method and Technique of Presenting Data

 BIBLIOGRAFY

Bernhardt, E.B. & Krashen, S.D., 2006. Second Language Acquisition and Second
Language Learning,
Berry, R., 1999. Collecting data by in-depth interviewing. British Educational
Research Association Annual Conference.
Essay, B.A., Johnston, Z. & Cruz, D., 2015. First Language Acquisition Is Children’s
knowledge of language innate? , (May).
Meniado, J.C., 2016. First language acquisition : A case study of a three-year old
Lebanese child. Journal of Child Language Acquisition and Development –
JCLAD, 4(3), pp.98–112.
Ratnaningsih, E., 2018. An Analysis of the First Language Acquisition: A Two Years
Girl. Ahmad Dahlan Journal of English Studies.
Sohnata Hutauruk, B., 2015. Children First Language Acquisition At Age 1-3 Years
Old In Balata. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 20(8), pp.51–
57. Available at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282730419_Stages_in_Language_Acq
uisition_A_Case_Study.
sugiyono, 2014. Metode penelitian. Metode Penelitian.
Sugiyono, 2012. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R &
D.Bandung:Alfabeta. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R &
D.Bandung:Alfabeta.