Chapter 08

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Chapter: Chapter 08: Perspectives in Transcultural Nursing
Multiple Choice
1. You are caring for a patient who speaks a language other than English and are using an
interpreter to communicate. What would be the best way to choose an interpreter for this patient?
A) Interpreter should speak in a loud voice
B) Interpreter should conduct the conversation quickly to avoid misinterpretation
C) Interpreter should be fluent in several dialects
D) Interpreter should avoid repetition
Ans: C
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: A-1
Cognitive Level: Application
Difficulty: Moderate
Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation
Objective: 3
Page and Header: 111, Transcultural Nursing
Feedback: Obviously, nurses cannot become fluent in all languages, but certain strategies for
fostering effective cross-cultural communication are necessary when providing care for patients
who are not fluent in English. Cultural needs should be considered when choosing an interpreter;
for instance, fluency in varied dialects is beneficial (Cutilli, 2006). The interpreter's voice quality,
pronunciation, use of silence, use of touch, and use of nonverbal communication should also be
considered (Giger & Davidhizar, 2008). The interpreter should not be a member of the patient's
family because that may violate the patient's right to privacy. Options A, B, and D are incorrect
because in choosing an interpreter, you do not want one who speaks in a loud voice, conducts the
conversation quickly, or avoids repetition.
2. You are a community health nurse who provides care to a group of Hispanic people living in
an area that is heavily populated by white people. What are the Hispanic people in this
community an example of?
A) A subculture
B) A subgroup
C) A minority
D) A majority
Ans: C
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: A-1
Integrated Process: Caring
Objective: 1
Page and Header: 110, Cultural Concepts
Feedback: The term minority refers to a group of people whose physical and cultural
characteristics differ from the majority of people in a society. There are four generally identified
minority groups: Blacks/African Americans, Hispanics, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and Native
Americans. Subcultures are relatively large groups of people who share characteristics that
identify them as a distinct entity. A subgroup is a division of a group that is in some way
distinguished from the larger group. A majority is most of the people in a large group.
3. A nurse is caring for an elderly woman from a Far-Eastern culture. How does the nurse
demonstrate awareness of culturally congruent care?
A) Maintaining eye contact at all times
B) Trying to speak the patient's native language
C) Using touch when communicating
D) Establishing effective communication
Ans: D
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: A-1
Objective: 2
Feedback: Establishment of an environment of culturally congruent care and respect begins with
effective communication, which occurs not only through words, but also through body language
and other cues, such as voice, tone, and loudness. Option A is incorrect because not all cultures
are comfortable with eye contact. Option B is not correct because unless you are fluent in the
patient's native language, trying to communicate in that language would not be effective
communication. Option C is incorrect because not all cultures incorporate touch while
communicating in their culture.
4. Most nurses have been taught to maintain direct eye contact when communicating with
patients. Some cultural groups would not value direct eye contact with the nurse. Which cultural
group would consider the direct eye contact impolite?
A) Americans
B) British
C) Canadian
D) Native Americans
Ans: D
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: A-1
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Objective: 1
Page and Header: 113, Culturally Mediated Characteristics
Feedback: Eye contact is also a culturally determined behavior. Although most nurses have been
taught to maintain eye contact when speaking with patients, some people from certain cultural
backgrounds may interpret this behavior differently. For example, some Asians, Native
Americans, Indo-Chinese, Arabs, and Appalachians may consider direct eye contact impolite or
aggressive, and they may avert their own eyes when talking with nurses and others whom they
perceive to be in positions of authority.
5. A male nurse is preparing to perform a neurologic examination on a patient. Which ethnic

group would consider this examination as impolite?
A) Jewish
B) Asian American
C) Islamic
D) African American
Ans: B
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: A-1
Difficulty: Difficult
Objective: 3
Feedback: For many Asian Americans, it is impolite to touch the patient's head because the spirit
is believed to reside in the head. Therefore, assessment of the head or evaluation of a head injury
requires permission of the patient, or a family member if the patient is not able to give
permission. The other options are incorrect because these ethnic groups would not consider a
neurologic examination impolite.
6. The nurse is admitting a new patient to the unit. The nurse notes that this patient would need
an alternate meal choice when the menu specified pork for a meal. What cultural group would
require an alternative meal choice?
A) Christian
B) Buddhist
C) Islam
D) Mormon
Ans: C
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: A-1
Cognitive Level: Analysis
Objective: 4
Feedback: Many Islamic people abstain from eating pork. Options A, B, and D are incorrect
because these cultural groups do not abstain from eating pork.
7. The nurse is preparing a discharge teaching session with an Asian patient to evaluate the
patient's ability to change a dressing. The patient speaks very little English. What would be the
best way to make sure the patient understands the discharge teaching?
A) Ask the patient to repeat the instructions
B) Write the procedure out for the patient
C) Use a translator during the teaching session
D) Have the patient demonstrate the dressing change
Ans: C
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: A-1
Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
Objective: 3
Feedback: Policies that promote culturally competent care establish flexible regulations
pertaining to visitors (number, frequency, and length of visits), provide translation services for
non–English-speaking patients, and train staff to provide care for patients with different cultural
values. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because they are not the best way to ascertain that the
patient understands the discharge teaching.
8. You are the nurse caring for a patient who is a recent immigrant to the United States from
Mexico. What would be important for you to assess when assessing the patient's culture?
A) The patient's support systems
B) The patient's marital status
C) The patient's age
D) The patient's communication style
Ans: D
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: A-1
Objective: 3
Page and Header: 116, Cultural Assessment
Feedback: Assessment of a patient's culture should include the patient's country of origin,
language (communication style), food preferences or restrictions, health maintenance practices,
and religious preferences and practices. It does not include the patient's support systems, marital
status, or age.
9. You are caring for a patient who is terminally ill whose family has requested to hold a
spiritual ceremony during which they will be using incense. What would be the best intervention
you could make on behalf of this patient?
A) Discourage the use of incense in the hospital
B) Ask the family to have the ceremony off the unit
C) Arrange for the ceremony to occur after notifying all departments affected
D) Refuse the ceremony because it may affect other patients in the unit
Ans: C
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: A-1
Objective: 3
Feedback: Culturally competent policies are developed to promote an environment in which the
traditional healing, spiritual, and religious practices of patients are respected and encouraged and
to recognize the special dietary practices of patients from selected cultural groups. To promote
spirituality and transcultural nursing, the nurse should make or help to make the arrangements.
10. A parent informs the nurse that immunizations are against her cultural and religious beliefs,
and she does not want her child to receive immunizations. The nurse proceeds to inform the
parent that the child will be ill all her life and will not be allowed to start school unless she is
immunized. The nurse also informs the parent that she had all of her own children vaccinated.
What is the nurse's behavior an example of?
A) Acculturation
B) Cultural blindness
C) Cultural imposition
D) Cultural taboos
Ans: C
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: C
Objective: 4
Feedback: The nurse's behavior is an example of cultural imposition, defined as the tendency to
impose one's cultural beliefs, values, and patterns of behavior on a person from a different
culture. Acculturation is the process by which members of a cultural group adapt to or learn how
to take on the behaviors of another group. Cultural blindness is the inability of people to
recognize their own values, beliefs, and practices and those of others because of strong
ethnocentric tendencies. Cultural taboos are activities or behaviors that are avoided, forbidden,
or prohibited by a particular cultural group.
11. The mother of an infant is staying on the unit. The pediatric nurse notes that the infant has
not received the recommended vaccinations for his age, so the nurse provides information on
immunizations to the mother. The mother informs the nurse that immunizations are against her
cultural and religious beliefs, and she does not want her child to receive immunizations. In this
scenario, what do immunizations represent?
A) Acculturation
B) Cultural blindness
C) A cultural imposition
D) A cultural taboo
Ans: D
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: C
Objective: 4
Feedback: Immunizations in this scenario are a cultural taboo. Cultural taboos are defined as
activities or behaviors that are avoided, forbidden, or prohibited by a particular cultural group.
Cultural imposition is defined as the tendency to impose one's cultural beliefs, values, and
patterns of behavior on a person from a different culture. Acculturation is the process by which
members of a cultural group adapt to or learn how to take on the behaviors of another group.
Cultural blindness is the inability of people to recognize their own values, beliefs, and practices
and those of others because of strong ethnocentric tendencies.
12. Many nurses use therapeutic touch in their delivery of nursing care. Therapeutic touch is a
complementary therapy. How is therapeutic touch categorized?
A) As a biologically based therapy
B) As a mind-body intervention
C) As a manipulative and body-based method
D) As an energy therapy
Ans: D
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: D-1
Objective: 3
Feedback: Therapeutic touch is an example of an energy therapy. Biologically based therapies

include herbal therapies, special diet therapies, orthomolecular therapies, and biologic therapies.
Mind-body interventions include meditation, dance, music, art therapy, prayer, and mental
healing. Manipulative and body-based methods include chiropractic, massage therapy,
osteopathic manipulation, and reflexology. The other options are incorrect because they are not
examples of energy therapy.
13. You are admitting a patient from China with a diagnosis of cancer to your medical-surgical
unit. During the patient's assessments, the patient speaks of her naturalistic beliefs related to
health care and the importance of the yin/yang theory. Based upon her cancer diagnosis and her
yin/yang beliefs, which meal will the patient most likely order for lunch?
A) Chicken noodle soup with crackers, fruit crisp, and hot tea
B) Turkey sandwich, small tossed salad, and iced tea
C) Chef's salad, bread, and water
D) Fruit smoothie and granola bar
Ans: A
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: D-1
Objective: 2
Page and Header: 115, Causes of Illness
Feedback: Foods are classified as cold (yin) and hot (yang) in the naturalistic or holistic
perspective. In this theory, foods are transformed into yin and yang energy when metabolized by
the body. Hot foods are eaten when a person has a cold illness such a cancer, headache, stomach
cramps and a “cold.” Based upon this information, the patient would select chicken noodle soup
with crackers, fruit crisp, and hot tea as these are hot foods. The other options are cold foods and
are eaten when a patient has a hot illness such as a fever, rash, sore throat, ulcer, or infection.
14. The nurse is admitting a Native American patient with uncontrolled hypertension and
diabetes to the unit. During the initial assessment, the patient informs the nurse that he has been
seeking assistance and care from the shaman in his community. The nurse recognizes that the
patient's blood pressure and his blood sugar are elevated upon admission. What is the nurse's best
response to the patient's indication that his care provider is a shaman?
A) “Thank you for providing the information about the shaman, but we will keep that
information and approach separate from your current hospitalization.”
B) “It is obvious the care provided by your shaman is not adequately managing your
hypertension and diabetes, so we will try researched medical approaches.”
C) “Don't worry about hurting your shaman's feelings, as he will understand his approach to
your hypertension and diabetes was not working after your doctor tells him how sick you were in
the hospital.”
D) “I understand that you value the care provided by the shaman, but we would like you to
consider medications and dietary changes that may lower your blood pressure and blood sugar
levels.”
Ans: D
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: C
Objective: 4
Page and Header: 116, Folk Healers
Feedback: Native American patients may seek assistance from a shaman or medicine man or
woman. The nurse's best approach is not to disregard the patient's belief in folk healers or try to
undermine trust in the healers. Nurses should make an effort to accommodate the patient's beliefs
while also advocating the treatment proposed by health science. The nurse's best response
incorporating these strategies is, “I understand that you value the care provided by the shaman,
but we would like you to consider medications and dietary changes that may improve your blood
pressure and blood sugar levels.”
15. The nurse recognizes that varicella is caused by a virus. This belief is an example of which
paradigm explaining the cause of disease and illness?
A) Biomedical
B) Naturalistic
C) Holistic
D) Magico-religious
Ans: A
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: D-1
Objective: 3
Page and Header: 115, Causes of Illness
Feedback: The biomedical or scientific perspective assumes that all events in life have a cause
and effect and that all of reality can be observed and measured. One example of the biomedical
or scientific view is the bacterial or viral explanation of communicable diseases, such as
varicella. The naturalistic or holistic view states that forces of nature must be kept in natural
balance or harmony. The magico-religious view's basic premise is that the world is an arena in
which supernatural forces dominate, and the fate of the world and those in it depends on the
action of supernatural forces for good and evil.
Multiple Selection
16. You are a nursing researcher studying why ethnic and racial minorities are
disproportionately burdened with certain diseases. Which diseases would you be studying?
(Mark all that apply.)
A) HIV
B) Cancer
C) Heart disease
D) Chronic obstructive lung disease
E) Alzheimer's disease
Ans: A, B, C
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: D-3
Objective: 5
Page and Header: 117, Health Disparities
Feedback: Ethnic and racial minorities are disproportionately burdened with cancer, heart
disease, diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), infection/acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS), and other conditions. Options D and E are incorrect because there have not
been health care disparities with these two diseases.
Multiple Choice
17. You are a student preparing a paper for your class in community health. You cite key health
care indicators in the United States. What do these key indicators reveal?
A) A significant gap in health status between the overall population and people of specific ethnic
backgrounds
B) A significant gap in health care delivery between the overall population and subgroups of the
minority populations
C) A significant gap in health status between the Hispanic population and the Native American
population
D) A significant gap in health care delivery between the Asian American population and the
Pacific Islander population
Ans: A
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: D-3
Objective: 5
Feedback: Key health indicators in the United States reveal a significant gap in health status
between the overall American population and people of specific ethnic backgrounds (Sullivan
Commission, 2004). Option B is incorrect because key health care indicators do not show a gap
in health care delivery between the overall population and subgroups of minority populations;
options C and D are incorrect because these ethnic populations are not singled out in these ways.
18. You are a nursing instructor who is discussing culturally competent care with your senior
nursing class. What do you stress nurses in the work place must learn?
A) To acknowledge and adapt to diversity among their colleagues
B) To help develop culturally sensitive policies
C) To help foster the provision of culturally competent care
D) To provide a climate that fosters culturally sensitive policies
Ans: A
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: D-4
Objective: 5
Page and Header: 117, The Future of Transcultural Nursing Care
Feedback: The concept of culturally competent care applies to health care institutions, which
must develop culturally sensitive policies and provide a climate that fosters the provision of
culturally competent care by nurses. Nurses must learn to acknowledge and adapt to diversity
among their colleagues in the workplace. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because these are not
things nurses in the workplace must learn; these are things institutions must do.
19. The nursing instructor is discussing health disparities with her community nursing class. The
discussion includes the information that health disparities occur between groups other than the
main population and specific ethnic groups. Where would these health disparities occur?
A) Among men
B) Among people with disabilities
C) Among people who are bisexual
D) Among the middle aged
Ans: B
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: D-4
Objective: 5
Feedback: Health disparities also occur with women, gays and lesbians, and people with
disabilities. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because health disparities have not been found
among men, the middle aged, or people who are bisexual.
Multiple Selection
20. You are the nurse doing a cultural nursing assessment on a newly admitted patient of Arabic
descent. What would you include in your assessment? (Mark all that apply.)
A) Families
B) Subgroups
C) Cultural beliefs
D) Community involvement
E) Groups
Ans: A, C, E
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: A-1
Objective: 1
Feedback: Cultural nursing assessment refers to a systematic appraisal or examination of
individuals, families, groups, and communities in terms of their cultural beliefs, values, and
practices.
Multiple Choice
21. The nursing instructor is presenting a class on transcultural nursing to her senior community
nursing class. What would be the best definition the instructor could give her class on
transcultural nursing?
A) Transcultural nursing is really cross-cultural nursing.
B) Transcultural nursing refers to research-focused practice that focuses on patient-centered,
culturally competent nursing.
C) Transcultural nursing refers to research-focused multicultural nursing.
D) Transcultural nursing is a term sometimes used interchangeably with intercultural nursing.
Ans: B
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: A-1
Objective: 2
Feedback: Transcultural nursing, a term sometimes used interchangeably with cross-cultural,

intercultural, or multicultural nursing, refers to research-focused practice that focuses on patient-
centered, culturally competent nursing. Options A, C, and D are all correct, but they are not the
best definition for transcultural nursing.
22. The hospital staff educator is presenting education on transcultural nursing to a group of new
graduate nurses. What would the staff educator best explain as the underlying focus of
transcultural nursing?
A) The underlying focus of transcultural nursing is to promote the well-being of institutions.
B) The underlying focus of transcultural nursing is to promote the health of communities.
C) The underlying focus of transcultural nursing is to provide culture-specific and culture-
universal care.
D) The underlying focus of transcultural nursing is to promote the well-being of groups.
Ans: C
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: A-1
Objective: 2
Feedback: The underlying focus of transcultural nursing is to provide culture-specific and

culture-universal care that promotes the well-being or health of individuals, families, groups,
communities, and institutions. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because they are partial answers
and, therefore, not the best answers.
Multiple Selection
23. Nurses must understand about policies in the institutions in which they work. What would
hospital-based nurses need to understand about policies that pertain to culturally competent
nursing care? (Mark all that apply.)
A) These policies provide for translation services.
B) These policies train staff.
C) These policies provide for staff from different cultures on each unit.
D) These policies establish flexible regulations pertaining to visitors.
E) These policies limit visitors who don't speak English.
Ans: A, B, D
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: A-1
Objective: 3
Feedback: Policies that promote culturally competent care establish flexible regulations
pertaining to visitors (number, frequency, and length of visits), provide translation services for
non–English-speaking patients, and train staff to provide care for patients with different cultural
values. Options C and E are incorrect because the policies do not provide for a culturally diverse
staff on every unit and they do not limit English-speaking visitors.
Multiple Choice
24. An assessment model to help nurses explore the cultural phenomena of their patients has
been developed. What cultural phenomena might affect nursing care?
A) Social relationships
B) Isolationary behavior
C) Dietary preferences
D) Environmental control
Ans: D
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: A-1
Cognitive Level: Comprehension
Objective: 3
Feedback: Giger and Davidhizar (2008) created an assessment model to guide nurses in
exploring cultural phenomena that might affect nursing care. They identified communication,
space, time orientation, social organization, environmental control, and biologic variations as
relevant phenomena.
25. A group of new graduate nurses are being oriented to a local hospital. The staff educator
provides information on hospitalized patients' behavior. What does the staff educator say occurs
in patients of all ages when they are ill?
A) Tendency to regress in language skills
B) Tendency to become more demanding
C) Tendency to become more involved in care
D) Tendency to regress in age-appropriate behavior
Ans: A
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: A-1
Objective: 4
Feedback: During illness, patients of all ages tend to regress, and the regression often involves
language skills.
26. A senior nursing student is presenting a report for her community health class on Leininger's
theory on culture care diversity. What is an integral part of this theory?
A) Cross-care accommodation
B) Repatterning
C) Reordering
D) Patient modification
Ans: B
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: A-1
Objective: 4
Feedback: Culture care restructuring or repatterning refers to professional actions and decisions
that help patients reorder, change, or modify their lifestyles toward new, different, or more
beneficial health care patterns. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because they are not part of
Leininger's theory.
27. A nurse is caring for a Pentecostal child with a diagnosis of hemophilia. The child is in need
of a blood transfusion, which her religious beliefs forbid. What term would best describe this
religion's culture beliefs and its impact on health care for this child?
A) Acculturation
B) Cultural imposition
C) Cultural taboo
D) Cultural blindness
Ans: C
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: D-4
Objective: 2
Feedback: A term (and its definition) that provides further insight into culture and health care is
cultural taboos, which are activities or behaviors that are avoided, forbidden, or prohibited by a
particular cultural group.
28. The focal point of nursing is the nurse-patient interaction. What must nurses consider when
conducting the necessary assessment of their patients and significant others?
A) Their health disparities
B) Their societal beliefs
C) The subgroup they belong to
D) Their own cultural orientation
Ans: D
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: D-4
Objective: 4
Page and Header: 117, Additional Cultural Considerations: Know Thyself
Feedback: Because the nurse–patient interaction is the focal point of nursing, nurses should
consider their own cultural orientation when conducting assessments of patients and their
families and friends. Nurses do not have health disparities. The societal beliefs of the nurse and
any subgroup they may be a part of are not what nurses must consider when conducting
necessary assessments of their patients and the significant others of those patients.
Multiple Selection
29. Health disparities are caused by many reasons. What are some of these reasons? (Mark all
that apply.)
A) Poverty
B) Geographic location
C) Overdependence on publicly funded facilities
D) Sufficient transportation
E) High socioeconomic status
Ans: A, B, C
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: D-4
Objective: 5
Feedback: Many reasons are cited for these disparities, including low socioeconomic status,
health behaviors, limited access to health care because of poverty or disability, environmental
factors, and direct and indirect manifestations of discrimination. Other causes include lack of
health insurance; overdependence on publicly funded facilities; and barriers to health care such
as insufficient transportation, geographic location (not enough providers in an area), cost of
services, and the low numbers of minority health care providers. Therefore, options D and E are
incorrect.
Multiple Choice
30. At present, 87% of nurses are Caucasian. The future of transcultural nursing care lies in
finding ways to promote cultural competence in nursing students. What is one way that is being
explored to accomplish this?
A) Offering multicultural health studies in their curricula
B) Enhancing the content of community nursing classes
C) Admitting a larger variety of ethnic groups into nursing school
D) Creating transcultural goals for nursing students
Ans: A
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: D-4
Objective: 3
Page and Header: 117, The Future of Transcultural Nursing Care
Feedback: Nursing programs are exploring creative ways to promote cultural competence and
humanistic care in nursing students, including offering multicultural health studies in their
curricula. Enhancing the content of community nursing classes would promote cultural
competence in the community, not in nursing students. Admissions to nursing school are based
on predicted ability to complete the curricula and pass the NCLEX, not on what ethnic group you
belong to. Creating transcultural goals for nursing students would not promote cultural
competence in nursing students.
31. Efforts to establish a database for determining the cultural background of a patient are
ongoing. Cultural assessment tools have been developed by nurses. What has the model proposed
by Giger and Davidhizar been used for?
A) To itemize nursing skills that are cultural in intent
B) To design nursing care throughout all phases of the nursing process
C) To assist in establishing a cultural database for patients
D) To identify needed data in cultural assessment tools
Ans: B
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: D-4
Cognitive Level: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 2
Feedback: In an effort to establish a database for determining a patient's cultural background,

nurses have developed cultural assessment tools or modified existing assessment tools
(Leininger, 2002) to ensure that transcultural considerations are included in the plan of care.
Giger and Davidhizar's model has been used to design nursing care from health promotion to
nursing skills activities. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because Giger and Davidhizar's model
has not been used to itemize cultural nursing skills and it does not assist in establishing a cultural
database for patients or identifying needed data in cultural assessment tools.
32. What are nurse-patient interactions dependent on?

A) The knowledge of patient tendencies during illness
B) The nurse's ability to work with a multicultural health care team
C) The ability to understand and be understood
D) Cultural diversity among the unit staff
Ans: C
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: B
Objective: 4
Feedback: Nurse–patient interactions, as well as communications among members of a

multicultural health care team, are dependent on the ability to understand and be understood.
Nurse-patient interactions are not dependent on the knowledge of patient tendencies during
illness, the nurse's ability to work with a multicultural health care team, or cultural diversity
among the staff on the unit.
33. Nurses generally believe in patient's rights. The belief of the nurse does not, however,
always coincide with the beliefs of some cultural backgrounds. What aspects of patient care may
be influenced by diverse cultural perspectives?
A) Full disclosure of unit-specific policies
B) Lack of cultural understanding
C) Inability to communicate across cultural differences
D) Informed consent
Ans: D
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: D-4
Objective: 4
Feedback: Many aspects of care may be influenced by the diverse cultural perspectives held by
health care providers, patients, families, or significant others. One example is the issue of
informed consent and full disclosure. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because they are not
aspects of patient care that may be influenced by diverse cultural perspectives.
34. Personal space and distance is a cultural perspective that can impact nurse-patient
interactions. What is the best way for the nurse to interact with a patient who has a different
cultural perspective on space and distance?
A) Allow the patient to adopt a position that is comfortable for him or her
B) Realize that sitting close to the patient is an indication of warmth and caring
C) Adopt a cultural preference similar to that of the patient
D) Remember not to intrude into the personal space of the elderly
Ans: A
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: C
Objective: 4
Feedback: If the patient appears to position himself or herself too close or too far away, the
nurse should consider cultural preferences for space and distance. Ideally, the patient should be
permitted to assume a position that is comfortable to him or her in terms of personal space and
distance. Options B and D are incorrect because “realizing” and “remembering” are not
interactions. Option C is incorrect because adopting a cultural preference different from your
own can be very uncomfortable for the nurse, which adds a barrier to nurse-patient interactions.
35. Touch, to a great degree, is culturally determined. In the Hispanic culture, what may be
inappropriate in a health care setting?
A) Grandmothers to help in the care of pediatric patients
B) Females to care for males
C) Health care information to be given to a female member of the family
D) Males to participate in health care activities
Ans: B
Chapter: 8
Client Needs: D-4
Objective: 4
Feedback: The meaning people associate with touching is culturally determined to a great
degree. In some cultures (e.g., Hispanic, Arab), male health care providers may be prohibited
from touching or examining certain parts of the female body. Similarly, it may be inappropriate
for females to care for males. In the Hispanic culture, grandmothers often care for pediatric
patients; the female of the family is often held responsible for the family's health care and health
care information. Males of the Hispanic culture generally do not participate in health care
activities when a member of their family is ill.

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Chapter: Chapter 08: Perspectives in Transcultural Nursing

5. A male nurse is preparing to perform a neurologic examination on a patient. Which ethnic

Feedback: Therapeutic touch is an example of an energy therapy. Biologically based therapies

Feedback: Transcultural nursing, a term sometimes used interchangeably with cross-cultural,

Feedback: The underlying focus of transcultural nursing is to provide culture-specific and

Feedback: In an effort to establish a database for determining a patient's cultural background,

32. What are nurse-patient interactions dependent on?

Feedback: Nurse–patient interactions, as well as communications among members of a

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