NOVIYANA S HI ALI

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DISCOURSE ANALYSIS’ TASK

Discourse As The Recontextualization Of Social Practice Analysis

The Definition of Recontextualization And Social Practice :

The approach that used on the book is the Bernstein’s concept of recontextualization. The
recontextualizing principles that are the subject that linked to key elements of social practices:
actors and their roles and identities, actions and their performance styles, settings, and timings. In
the process of recontextualization, aspects of any of these may be excluded from the discourse or
transformed, and recontextualization may also add elements such as purposes and legitimations for
the actions. As a result, some recontextualizations eliminate much of the actual detail of the social
practices they recontextualize and focus, for instance, mostly on legitimation or critique, while
others focus on the social practices themselves and contain few elements of legitimation or critique.

Social practices are socially regulated ways of doing things—but the word “regulate” may
give the wrong impression here, since “regulation,” in the sense in which we normally understand
it, is only one of the ways in which social coordination can be achieved. Social practices include all
of the following elements:

1. Participant 6. Times
2. Action 7. Locations
3. Perfomance Models 8. Eligibility Conditions (Locations)
4. Eligibility Conditions (Participants) 9. Resources: Tools and Materials
5. Presentation Styles 10. Eligibility Conditions (Resources)

The recontextualizing social practice, however, must always be a sequence of linguistic

(and/or other semiotic) activities, a “genre.” Recontextualization is not only makes the
recontextualized social practices explicit to a greater or lesser degree, it also makes them pass
through the fi lter of the practices in which they are inserted. Recontextualization is also
recursive—it can happen over and over again, removing us further and further from the starting
point of the chain of recontextualizations. There are also some kinds of transformations that take
place in the process of recontextualization such as Substitutions, Deletion, Rearrangements,
Additions, Repetitions, Reactions, Purposes, Legitimations, and Evaluations.
The Article To Be Analyzed :

Russia journalist Andrushchenko dies after suspected attack

By Laura Smith-Spark and Emma Burrows, CNN (Updated 1558 GMT (2358 HKT) April 20, 2017)

Moscow (CNN)A Russian journalist who was critical of President Vladimir Putin has died from his
injuries after a suspected attack last month left him in a coma, according to the editor of his paper
and Russian state media. Nikolay Andrushchenko, 73 and a founder of the privately-owned Novy
Peterburg (New Petersburg) newspaper, had been hospitalized since March 9, state news agency
RIA Novosti said Wednesday.

Denis Usov, editor of the Novy Peterburg, told CNN that no one knew how Andrushchenko had
suffered the injuries that led to his death. But, he said, "it is known that not long before this
incident, he was jumped near his house by some unknown individuals, who beat him up and
demanded some documents related to his professional work as a journalist, connected with his
recent publications."

In the last incident, Andrushchenko was found on the street with a head injury by passers by, Usov
said.

"When he was attacked, he was alone," he said. "It is possible that it was an accident, but given that
there was pressure on him because of his work before that, we could consider that there is a
criminal element to his death."

Andrushchenko was a deputy in the St Petersburg city council in the 1990s, RIA Novosti said. He
focused on human rights and criminal matters as a journalist for the newspaper, it said.

In 2008, he was charged with libel, inciting extremist activity, and insulting a government
representative, RIA Novosti said. However, the cases were later dismissed. The Committee to
Protect Journalists raised concerns in November 2007 over charges faced by Andrushchenko,
saying that it was "apparent that the authorities' actions are aimed at stifling an opposition voice"
ahead of a parliamentary election. It also noted that he had been beaten by unknown attackers
while on his way home earlier that month.

Boris Vishnevsky, a St Petersburg lawmaker and former contributor to the opposition Novaya
Gazeta newspaper, told CNN that Andrushchenko had published some "very harsh reports" but was
not one of Putin's more prominent or current critics.
His newspaper has a reputation as being ultranationalist, Vishnevsky said, and does not appear to
have a huge readership.

"Of course it's not possible to exclude that the attack on him was somehow connected with his
professional activity, but I wouldn't state this as a fact, I hope that an investigation will be carried
out," he said.

"Nikolay was not a very easy person. I can say that he was a decent, sincere and honest person, but
our political views were always different," he added.

Source :

http://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/20/europe/russia-journalist-death/index.html

The Analysis :

From the definition above, here we can see the recontextualization of social practice on the text. As
the explantion on the book about social practice, the text above is also contains the elements that
performed the social practice;

1. Participants

A social practice first of all needs a set of participants in certain roles, the text above is having the

participant itself, they are : A Russian journalist, President Vladimir Putin, Nikolay Andrushchenko,

Denis Usov, RIA Novosti, Boris Vishnevsky and Some Unknown Individuals.

2. Action

The core of any social practice is a set of actions performed in a sequence, which may be fixed to a
greater or lesser degree and which may or may not allow for choice, that is, for alternatives with
regard to a greater or lesser number of the actions of some or all of the participants, and for
concurrence, that is, for the simultaneity of different actions during part or all of the sequence. The
following actions belonging to the social practice are represented on in the text above :

1. Nikolay Andrushchenko, 73 and a founder of the privately-owned Novy Peterburg (New

Petersburg) newspaper, had been hospitalized since March 9, state news agency RIA
Novosti said Wednesday.
2. Denis Usov, editor of the Novy Peterburg, told CNN that no one knew how Andrushchenko
had suffered the injuries that led to his death
 3. Andrushchenko was found on the street with a head injury by passersby
4. He focused on human rights and criminal matters as a journalist for the newspaper
5. The Committee to Protect Journalists raised concerns in November 2007 over charges faced
by Andrushchenko,
6. he had been beaten by unknown attackers while on his way home earlier that month.

The italic sentences above are the representation of the action elements on the social practice on
the text (news). The actions above are in fact names for smaller-scale action sequences. The action
on the number 1 is the report or information about A Russian journalist, Nikolay Andrushchenko
who had been hospotalized before he died after the suspected attacked, then the action number 2 is
the action of some people who told about the core of the text ‘the condition before the death of the
journalist’ which is telling that nobody knows about the suffering of the Andrushchenko that led to
his death, the next action on the number 3 shows the continuity of the case of Andrushchenko’s
death, it said that he was found on the street but before it, many people had known that except
become the journalis, he is also focused on the human right and criminal matters (number 4).

3. Perfomances Models

On the text above, Denis Usove told that “no one knew how Andrushchenko had suffered….” before
“the injuries led him to death….” it is apparently not enough to perform the actions that make up the
practice, they must also be performed at a certain pace, and the need to be unhurried does not
relate to all of the actions but only to those that are performed “it is known that not long before this
acident….” and “he was jumped near his house by some unknown individuals…….”

4. Eligibility Conditions (Participants)

Eligibility conditions are the “qualifications” participants that must have in order to be eligible to
play a particular role in a particular social practice. In the text or article, for instance, Nikolay
Andrushchenko’s death that wasn’t immediately known is the eligible for the role of the other
journalist and the peple in the social practice.

5. Presentation Styles

Social practices also involve dress and body grooming requirements, or presentation styles, for the

participants. The article above is involve the presentation styles of the participant which is play an

important role on the news, it can be seen on the sentences “Nikolay Andrushchenko, 73 and a

founder of the privately-owned Novy Peterburg (New Petersburg) newspaper…” the age information
indicates the presentation of the participant itself, then It continues to the another sentences of the

news “Andrushchenko was a deputy in the St Petersburg city council in the 1990s…..” which is

describing about the Russian Journalist prestentation style "Nikolay was not a very easy person. I

can say that he was a decent, sincere and honest person, but our political views were always

different…”

6. Times

Social practices and specific parts of them take place at more or less definite times. From the text

bove, several time constraints are indicated: the social practice of the Andrushchenko hospitalized

since March 9 and the time when Novosti reported on Wednesday, it can be seen on the text bellow:

Nikolay Andrushchenko, 73 and a founder of the privately-owned Novy Peterburg (New

Petersburg) newspaper, had been hospitalized since March 9, state news agency RIA Novosti
said Wednesday.

Then the specific parts that take place and less definite times also can be seen on this sentences :
“….it is known that not long before this incident…”

7. Locations

Social practices are also related to specifi c locations that also can be seen on the article in several
lines or sentences such as :

"it is known that not long before this incident, he was jumped near his house by some
unknown individuals….”

The place of the death of Russion Journalist was near his house, he has got incident and jumped by
some unknown indivuduals. Then the case continues to the another information of the location of
Andrushenko’s death, can be seen bellow :

“Andrushchenko was found on the street with a head injury by passers by…”

8. Eligibility Conditions
The eligibility conditions for the location is also can be seen on the previous example on the
number 7.
“….the street wih a head injury by passers by…”
 9. Resources: Tools and Materials
The tools and the materials can be seen on the article, it contains many information about the tools
that was found and used to found out about the death of the Russian Journalist, such as :

“who beat him up and demanded some documents related to his professional work as a
journalist, connected with his recent publications…"

10. Eligibility Conditions (Resources)

Like participants and locations, tools and materials are subject to eligibility conditions. The articles
about the death of the Russian Journalist above is also containing the Eligibility conditions of the
resources, that is on the sentence :

"When he was attacked, he was alone," he said. "It is possible that it was an accident, but
given that there was pressure on him because of his work before that, we could consider
that there is a criminal element to his death."

The eligibility condition can be found on the sentence above is describe like “He was alone…” then
on the sentences “there was pressure on him…”