Post Lab FRUITS Classification of Fruits

Fruits 1. Simple
- Are seed bearing structures in a. [banana, tomato, okra]
flowering plants b. 1 flower : 1 ovary
- Formed from ovaries (gynoecium)
after fertilization
o 3 Layers
 Exocarp- outermost
of fruit
 Mesocarp- fleshy
middle c. Classified based on texture of
 Endocarp- outermost Pericarp:
of seed i. Exocarp
- means to disseminate seeds ii. Mesocarp- main,
usually eaten
Dispersal – movement of pollen iii. Endocarp- adhesive
Pollination- movement of seeds to seed coat (testa)
*Both may be affected by abiotic FRUITS UNDER SIMPLE FRUITS:
and biotic factors I. Fleshy
a. Succulent fruit wall
Tough fruits b. Berry- [tomato]
- Well produced c. Pepo- [cucumber]
- Expensive to produce d. Hespiridium- [lemon]
- Seeds must be able to break out e. Pome
- Fruit must be edible & attractive to f. Drupe- [coconut]
animal dispersers i. Coconut Parts
- Seed must be protected from 1. Endocarp-
consumption surrounds the
1. True Fruits- derived from ovary meat
tissue 2. Exocarp-
outermost layer
2. Accessory Fruits- derived from
3. Mesocarp-
ovary and other flower
fibrous husk
structures (receptacles)
4. Endosperm-
[strawberries] coconut meat.
(solid) and
coconut water
(liquid)
II. Dry Fruits
a. Dry pericarp at maturity
b. Dehiscent
i. Open and split naturally
ii. At definite seams
iii. [legumes (favicii),
capsule, silique
(radish)]
c. Indehiscent
i. Does NOT open nor
split
ii. Contains 1 or 2 seeds
iii. [strawberries
(achene), Sunflower,
Samara (wing-like),
Nuts, Caryopsis/Grain
(rice)]
2. Aggregate
a. [raspberry, strawberries, atis
(sugar-apple/sweetsop)]
b. 1 flower : many ovaries
3. Multiple
a. [pineapple, breadfruit]
b. Derived from inflorescence
c. Several flowers, crowded in
one place
Seeds
- Consists of testa (seed coat),
embryonic plant, & nutrient reserve
- Product of ripened ovule
- Monocot
o Endosperm is the nutrient
reserve
- Eudicot
o Cotyledon is the nutrient
reserve because endosperm
is well distributed.
- Endospermic Seeds
o Seeds containing endosperm
in mature seeds
o Evident in both monocots
and eudicots when seed is
immature
- Non-endospermic (Exendospermic)
Seed
o Seed lacks endosperm in
mature seed
o [monggo]