Chemical Safety

CHEMICAL SAFETY
CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS

LABORATORY CLASS LECTURE NO. 1
Prepared by Engr. Florence Joie F. Lacsa, LPT, MSc. Department of Physical Sciences. College of Science. Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Manila.
LESSON OBJECTIVE
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lecture, the students should be able to:
1. Define the terms “hazard” and classify the different workplace hazards.
2. Define “Chemical Safety” and discuss its importance
3. Classify the different chemical hazards
4. Recognize the elements found in chemical labels
5. Use the Material Safety Data Sheet
6. Identify the hierarchy of exposure controls
7. Describe the use of Personal Protective Equipment
8. Prepare for emergencies
LESSON OUTLINE
1. Hazard and its classifications

2. Chemical Safety and its importance
3. Chemical hazards classification
4. Chemical labelling: GHS and NPFA Diamond
5. Material Safety Data Sheet
6. Hierarchy of exposure controls
7. Personal Protective Equipment
8. What to do during emergencies
HAZARDS
A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or
someone.
Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health
effect if exposed to a hazard.
Hazard Classifications:
• Physical – Slippery floors, objects in walkways, unsafe or misused machinery, excessive noise,
poor lighting, fire.
• Chemical – Gases, dusts, fumes, vapours and liquids.
• Ergonomic – poor design of equipment, workstation design, (postural) or workflow, manual
handling, repetitive movement.
• Radiation – Microwaves, infra-red, ultraviolet, lasers, X-rays and gamma rays.
• Psychological – Shiftwork, workload, dealing with the public, harassment, discrimination,
threat of danger, constant low-level noise, stress.
• Biological – Infection by bacteria, virus, fungi or parasites through a cut, insect bite, or
contact with infected persons or contaminated object.
SOURCE: www.ccohs.ca; etraining.communitydoor.org.au
CHEMICAL SAFETY
CHEMICAL HAZARD!
any basic substance that
is used in or produced
be a reaction involving
changes to atoms and
molecules1 CHEMICAL INCIDENT SAFETY
defined as accidental or
The condition of being
intentional events that
safe from undergoing or
INCIDENT threaten to expose or do
causing hurt, injury or
an event that is either expose responders and/or
loss2
unpleasant or unusual3 members of the public to a
chemical hazard4
Everyone needs to be safe from any chemical incident.
Florence Joie F. Lacsa. Department of Physical Sciences. College of Science. Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Manila.
CHEMICAL HAZARDS CLASSIFICATION
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES are substances which present either:
1) short-term acute hazards such as acute toxicity by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption,
corrosivity or other skin or eye contact hazard or the risk of fire or explosion; or
2) long-term environmental hazards, including chronic toxicity upon repeated exposure,

carcinogenicity (which may in some cases result from acute exposure but with a long latent
period), resistance to detoxification process such as biodegradation, the potential to pollute
underground or surface waters, or aesthetically objectionable properties such as offensive
odors.
SOURCE: Republic Act 6969: An Act to Control Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes, Providing
Penalties for Violations Thereof, and for other Purposes
CHEMICAL HAZARDS CLASSIFICATION
HEALTH HAZARD VS PHYSICAL HAZARD ACUTE HAZARD VS CHRONIC HAZARD
HEALTH HAZARD: The hazard that ACUTE HAZARD: Those that have
occurs when a chemical produces an obvious and immediate impact
acute or chronic health effect on
exposed individuals. EXAMPLES: Flammable, corrosive
PHYSICAL HAZARD: A factor within the CHRONIC HAZARD: Those that have
environment that can harm the body more hidden, cumulative, long-term
even without touching it.5 They are impact.
generally discernible and perceptible.6
EXAMPLES: Teratogen, nephrotoxin
EXAMPLES: Explosive, Reactive
Source: Chemical Safety Training Course Material
CHEMICAL LABELING: GHS
Source: www.nicelabel.com
Source: www.nicelabel.com
OXIDIZING LIQUID
Liquid which, while in itself not necessarily combustible,
may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or contribute to
the combustion of other material.
OXIDIZING SOLID
Solid which, while in itself not necessarily combustible,
may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or contribute to
the combustion of other material.
Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
FLAMMABLE SOLIDS
Solids that are readily combustible, or may cause or
contribute to fire through friction. Readily combustible
solids are powdered, granular, or pasty substances which
are dangerous if they can be easily ignited by brief
contact with an ignition source, such as a burning match,
and if the flame spreads rapidly.
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
A liquid having a flash point of not more than 93°C
FLAMMABLE AEROSOLS
Aerosols are any gas compressed, liquefied or dissolved
under pressure within a non-refillable container made of
metal, glass or plastic, with or without a liquid, paste or
powder. Aerosols should be considered for classification
as either a Category 1 or Category 2 Flammable Aerosol if
they contain any component classified as flammable
according to the GHS criteria for flammable liquids,
flammable gases, or flammable solids.
FLAMMABLE GASES
Flammable gas means a gas having a flammable range in
air at 20°C and a standard pressure of 101.3 kPa.
SELF-REACTIVES
Self-reactives are thermally unstable liquids or solids
liable to undergo a strongly exothermic thermal
decomposition even without participation of oxygen (air).
This definition excludes materials classified under the
GHS as explosive, organic peroxides or as oxidizing.
PYROPHORIC LIQUIDS
Liquids which, even in small quantities, is liable to ignite
within five minutes after coming into contact with air.
PYROPHORIC SOLID
A solid which, even in small quantities, is liable to ignite
within five minutes after coming into contact with air.
SELF-HEATING
A solid or liquid, other than a pyrophoric substance,
which, by reaction with air and without energy supply, is
liable to self-heat.E
EMITS FLAMMABLE GAS

Substances that, in contact with water, emit flammable
gases are solids or liquids which, by interaction with
water, are liable to become spontaneously flammable or
to give off flammable gases in dangerous quantities.
ORGANIC PEROXIDES
An organic liquid or solid which contains the bivalent -0-
0- structure and may be considered a derivative of
hydrogen peroxide, where one or both of the hydrogen
atoms have been replaced by organic radicals.
EXPLOSIVES
An explosive substance (or mixture) is a solid or liquid
which is in itself capable by chemical reaction of
producing gas at such a temperature and pressure and at
such a speed as to cause damage to the surroundings.
SELF-REACTIVES
Self-reactives are thermally unstable liquids or solids
liable to undergo a strongly exothermic thermal
decomposition even without participation of oxygen (air).
This definition excludes materials classified under the
GHS as explosive, organic peroxides or as oxidizing.
ORGANIC PEROXIDES
An organic liquid or solid which contains the bivalent -0-
0- structure and may be considered a derivative of
hydrogen peroxide, where one or both of the hydrogen
atoms have been replaced by organic radicals.
ACUTE TOXICITY
Substances are assigned to one of the five toxicity
categories on the basis of LD50 (oral, dermal) or LC50
(inhalation). The LC50 values are based on 4-hour tests in
animals. The GHS provides guidance on
converting 1-hour
inhalation test results to a 4- hour equivalent.
GASES UNDER PRESSSURE
Gases under pressure are gases that are contained in a
receptacle at a pressure not less than 280 Pa at 20°C or as
a refrigerated liquid.
CORROSIVE TO METAL
A substance or a mixture that by chemical action will
materially damage, or even destroy, metals is termed
‘corrosive to metal’.
SKIN CORROSION
Skin corrosion means the production of irreversible
damage to the skin following the application of a test
substance for up to 4 hours.
CARCINOGEN
Carcinogen means a chemical substance or a mixture of
chemical substances which induce cancer or increase its
incidence.
RESPIRATORY SENSITIZER
Respiratory sensitizer means a substance that induces
hypersensitivity of the airways following inhalation of the
substance.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY
Reproductive toxicity includes adverse effects on sexual
function and fertility in adult males and females, as well
as developmental toxicity in offspring.
TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY

All significant health effects, not otherwise specifically
included in the GHS, that can impair function, both
reversible and irreversible, immediate and/or delayed are
included in the non- lethal target organ/systemic toxicity
class.
MUTAGENICITY
Mutagen means an agent giving rise to an increased
occurrence of mutations in populations of cells and/or
organisms.
ASPIRATION TOXICITY
Aspiration toxicity includes severe acute effects such as
chemical pneumonia, varying degrees of pulmonary
injury or death following aspiration. Aspiration is the
entry of a liquid or solid directly through the oral or nasal
cavity, or indirectly from vomiting, into the trachea and
lower respiratory system.
SKIN IRRITATION
Skin irritation means the production of reversible damage
to the skin following the application of a test substance
for up to 4 hours.
EYE IRRITATION
Eye irritation means changes in the eye following the
application of a test substance to the front surface of the
eye, which are fully reversible within 21 days of
application.
DERMAL SENSITIZER
Skin sensitizer means a substance that will induce an
allergic response following skin contact.
ACUTE AQUATIC TOXICITY
Acute aquatic toxicity means the intrinsic property of a
material to cause injury to an aquatic organism in a short-
term exposure.
CHRONIC AQUATIC TOXICITY

Chronic aquatic toxicity means the potential or actual
properties of a material to cause adverse effects to
aquatic organisms during exposures that are determined
in relation to the lifecycle of the organism.
CHEMICAL LABELING: NPFA DIAMOND
Source: www.chemsafetypro.com
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
Source: www.sciencelab.com
HEIRARCHY OF EXPOSURE CONTROL
Source: Chemical Safety Training Course Material

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE PROTECTION
Source: Chemical Safety Guide: A Companion to the NIH Chemical Hygiene Plan and Hazard Communication Program, by National Institute of Health, U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services
and Human Services
and Human Services
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Safety glasses are used Splash goggles are used Face shield with splash
whenever there is a when working with goggles when the splash
chance of objects striking liquids. hazard is high, or the
the eye. They are not chemicals are
appropriate protection particularly dangerous.
from a chemical splash.
IMAGE SOURCE: www.sentrysafetysupply.com IMAGE SOURCE: www.ebay.com IMAGE SOURCE www.rockler.com
PREPARING FOR EMERGENCIES
IMAGE SOURCE: www.medisave.co.uk; safetysuppliescanada.com; www.texasgateway.org

IMAGE SOURCE: www.google.com; www.serpro.co.uk

IMAGE SOURCE: www.zoro.com; www.texasgateway.org

IMAGE SOURCE: www.thomassci.com

www.safetysign.com
NOTES:
1. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/chemical
2. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/safety
3. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/incident
4. www.who.int/disasters/repo/8018.doc
5. https://www.comcare.gov.au/preventing/hazards/physical_hazards
6. https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/.../bathwatchap7.pd...

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CHEMICAL SAFETY

CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS

At the end of the lecture, the students should be able to:

1. Hazard and its classifications

Everyone needs to be safe from any chemical incident.

2) long-term environmental hazards, including chronic toxicity upon repeated exposure,

EMITS FLAMMABLE GAS

TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY

CHRONIC AQUATIC TOXICITY

Source: Chemical Safety Training Course Material

IMAGE SOURCE: www.medisave.co.uk; safetysuppliescanada.com; www.texasgateway.org

IMAGE SOURCE: www.google.com; www.serpro.co.uk

IMAGE SOURCE: www.zoro.com; www.texasgateway.org

IMAGE SOURCE: www.thomassci.com

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