Documenti di Didattica
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101-108, 1997
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Abstract--This paper presents a method for optimizing the design of reinforced concrete beams subject
to a specified set of constraints. A new model of optimization is proposed, leading to more realistic and
practical designs. As there are an infinite number of possible beam dimensions and reinforcement ratios
that yield the same moment of resistance, it becomes difficult to achieve the least-cost design by
conventional iterative methods. We present a method based upon a search technique using genetic
algorithms. Several applications show how our system provides more realistic designs than other
methods based on mathematical programming techniques. Also, we show our results of experimenting
with several representation schemes for the genetic algorithm, and the methodology that we used to
adjust its parameters-- i.e. population size, crossover and mutation rates and maximum number of
generations--so that it produces a reasonable answer in a short period of time. A prototype of this system
is currently being tested at our school, to see its" potential use as a tool for real-world applications.
Copyright © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd
101
102 C. Coello Coello et al.
Real WorldProblem
t
I 2. BASIC CONCEPTS
Xl =Ws X Cs ( $ / c m 3) (9)
x~ = Xl/(a ix3) (18)
;T86.478
cm
1218191310111
3bars
of I ~l
Representation of the number 289.301 using
floating point encoding ~.648am
FIGURE 5. Representation of the same number using binary
and floating point encodings. V 4ban of 30 mm
TABLE 1
Comparison of the Geometric Programming Approach Used by Chakraberty (Coello, 1994)
and the GA Using Binary and Floating Point Representation
steel yield strength fy = 300 MPa. The unit cost of steel The ultimate uniform load is
(CS), concrete (CC) and shuttering (CSH) are $0.72/kg,
$64.5/m 3 and $2.155/m 2, respectively. Assume a cover =1.4× 15+1.7×20=55 kN/m.
ratio (r) of 0.10, unit weight of concrete of 2323 kg/m 3
and capacity reduction factor as 0.90. The ultimate applied bending moment is
should provide a powerful tool for engineers involved in Intelligence (pp. 331-336). Houston, TX: IITI" International,
Technology Transfer Series.
design, introducing considerable savings without sac-
Coello Coello, C. A. (1994). El algoritmo genrtico como alternativa a
rificing safety. la programaci6n din~'nica. In Actas del VIII Simposio lnternacional
en Aplicationes de lnforra~tica, pp. 151-157, Universidad Cat61ica
del Norte Antofagasta, Chile (in Spanish).
Acknowledgements--Theauthors gratefully acknolwedge the work of Everard, N. J., & J. L. Tanner III (1987). Theory and problems of
Carlos Narcfa L6pez and Ascensi6n Elizalde Molina and the support of reinforced concrete design, (2nd ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Ing. Robertony Cruz Dfaz at the Escuela de Ingeniefia Civil of the Galilei, G. (1950). Dialogues concerning two new sciences. Evanston,
Universidad Aut6noma de Chiapas. Without their help and dedication IL: Northwestern University Press (originally published in 1665).
this paper would not have been possible. Glover, E (1989). Tabu search--Part I. ORSA Journal on Computing,
1, 190-206.
Glover, E (1990). Tabu search--Part II. ORSA Journal on Computing,
2, 4-32.
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