PART OF SPEECH

Foundation of English Grammar

Lecture : Eny Maulita Purnama Sari

Arranged by:

Name : Riska Ferintika

NPM : 1888203028
Smt : III (three)

Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities

Nahdlatul Ulama University of Lampung
2019
 Parts of Speech
A part of speech is a group of words that are used in a certain way. For example,
"run," "jump," and "be" are all used to describe actions/states. Therefore they
belong to the VERBS group.

In other words, all words in the English language are divided into eight different
categories. Each category has a different role/function in the sentence.

English Parts of Speech Navigation:

Nouns | Pronouns | Adjectives | Verbs | Adverbs
Prepositions | Conjunctions | Interjections

1. Noun

Nouns are used to identify/talk about people, places, and things.

Common nouns are used to describe a category of person, place, or thing,
for example toy, park, child.
Example : The tall man walks his small dog in the street.

Proper nouns are the specific names of the nouns and always start with a
capital letter.
Example : John walks his dog, Rufus, on Hastings Street.

In the example above, dog is still a common noun, however his name is a
proper noun.

2. Pronoun

To avoid repeating a noun too many times, we use pronouns. A

pronoun (I, me, he, she, herself, you, it, they, each, few, many, who,
whoever, whose, someone, everybody…) takes the place of a noun.

Example : That’s John. John walks his dog quickly.

That’s John. He walks his dog quickly!

3. Verb

A verb is an action word and generally indicates some sort of movement

or activity.

Example : He walks his dog quickly!

 4. Adverb

An adverb describes the way in which an action is done. These

words often end in –ly but that is not always the case.

Example : He walks his dog quickly! (How does he walk his dog?
Quickly.)

In this example, the word quickly is being used to describe the action, or
verb, walks.

5. Adjective

Adjectives describe the characteristics of a noun or pronoun.

Example : The man walks his dog in the street. (No adjectives)

The tall man walks his small dog in the street. (with adjectives)

In this example, the man is being described as tall (not short, not
average height) and his dog as small (not big, not average size).

6. Preposition

We use prepositions (in, out, on, of, between, at, to, for, up,
below…) to show the relationship between a noun and another word in the
sentence. Remember that they usually indicate the position of something
in relation to something else.

Example : The tall man walks his small dog in the street.

7. Conjunction

A conjunction (and, but, or, so….) is used to join clauses,

sentences, or words.

Example : The tall man walks in the street. The tall man’s dog walks
in the street too. (Longer; 2 sentences)

The tall man and his dog walk in the street. (shorter; one sentence; more
natural)

8. Interjection

Interjections are short words or phrases used to express emotion,

often surprise or excitement.

Example : Wow! He walks quickly!