Humanistic Theory

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, students are able to:

i. Describe the humanistic learning theory.

i. Elaborate on the application of

humanistic theory in the classroom.
 Experts  Abraham
Maslow
 Carl Rogers
Theory emphasize on aspects
Humanistic like traits, attitude, values,
Theory interest and moral.
Encourage and realize
students’ potential.
Encourage the development
of moral consciousness.
 Humanistic Theory

This theory believes that the individual is

responsible for his own behaviour and concern
towards others.

Focus on the uniqueness of the individual and

humanistic nature of the individual.

Uniqueness refers to the self which is related to

the concept of individual differences.
Abraham Maslow
Hierarki Maslow
 Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs

First Level : Physiological Needs

Human beings need air, water, food and

shelter to fulfill these needs

Second Level : Safety Needs

People look for safety in areas where they live,

job stability, good retirement plans, insurance
and free from any threats or danger.
 Abraham Maslow

Level Three : Love and Belongingness Needs

Human beings need loving relationships with others

and want to feel that they are accepted as part of the
group.

Level Four : Self-Esteem Needs

Self-esteem needs means people need to feel good

about themselves and believe that other people
have positive feelings towards them.
 Abraham Maslow

Level Five : Cognitive Needs

The importance of mental process and people
desire to have behavior which is directed to search
for knowledge and understanding.

Level Six : Esthetic Needs

Esthetic needs means able to appreciate beauty
and other people. It also includes aspects of
goodness, truth and justice.
 Abraham Maslow

Level Seven : Self-Actualization Needs

-Self-actualization is defined as “ the desire to become
everything that one is capable of becoming”.

- peak experience
 Abraham Maslow

Sensitive
Enjoyment

Sense of humour Creative

Characteristics
of Self-Actualization

Self- acceptance Problem-centered

Intellectual, emotional
Honest& Objective and spiritual strength
 Abraham Maslow
Pertama, motivasi
First, deficiency Second,growth
kekurangan yang
motivation
berdasarkan
based motivation based
onkeperluan
deficiency on growth
kekurangan
needs. People are Motivation & needs. People
(deficiency
motivated needs).
to Maslow’s Theory are developing
Manusia
fulfill the basic
bermotivasi untuk
their potentials
needs
mengisi in
kehendak to optimum level,
asas dalam tahap
Physiology, f
safety, besides achieving
.
belongingness Motivasi
Motivationsebagai
as cognitive,
and self-esteem dorongan untuk esthetic and self-
Inducement
memenuhi
in the heirarchy. to keperluan.
fulfill needs actualization.
Applying Humanistic Theory in Education
and Counseling:

Open School

Affective Education
Client Centred Therapy
 Humanistic Theory in Education
Also known as open education.
An informal system of education,
student centred, low teacher
student ratio, and no rigid learning
The open time table system. (Dennison, 1969;
classroom dalam Lefrancois, 1994).
Open eductaion which stress on
humanistic aspects has no
administration system, no progress
report cards, no examination and
has basic facilities only.
 Studies show that students who
followed open education were
more creative, cooperatif and
better self-concept (Horwitz,1979;
The open in Lefrancois,1994) and the
classroom development of higher self-esteem
(Elias dan Elias;in Schubert and
Baxter, 1982) compared to
students from the traditional
education system.
 Teaching and
learning process
The open
focus on
classroom
experience, life and
students’ needs.
 Priciples of Humanistic Theory

1) Affective domain 2) Self-Concept

- Emphasis not only - Purkey (in Lefrancois,
on acquisition of 1994) stated that
knowledge but also teacher’s attitude and
on feelings, behavior either inviting
emotion and or disinviting will
thinking. influence the formation
of students’ self-concept.
 4) Personal choice and
evaluation
Students choose what they
3) Communication want and need to study so
- Need in that they are motivated to
developing achieve the goal.
positive - Humanistic educators do not
relationships emphasize feedback through
among people. examination results. What is
emphasized is self-evaluation
(students determine the
achievement of their learning
objective).
 Carl Rogers
Client Centred Theraphy.

Client-centered therapy also known as “person-

centered therapy”
Counselor does not provide advice and how to solve
problems to clients but instead will help clients to
identify and discover ways to solve their problems.
Fenomenology- something which is personal based
on private experience , and it is not possible for other
people to know.
Carl Rogers’ Three Label Theory
Three Labels
 Roger’s Theory
•Self-concept- our sense of ourselves
and how others see us.
•Because our self-concept is in part a
reflection of how others see us, we
have a basic need for unconditional
positive regard- acceptance without
any conditions.
 Carl Rogers
Implications of Roger’s Theory in Education

Teacher as Person centered

facilitator who is theory: teaching and
sensitive and learning process is
concern in guiding Implications student centred.
students. of Roger’s
Teachers should
Theory in
Education will develop their inner
have emphatic potential based on their
feelings and look at self-concept. Teachers
things from
allow students to choose
students’ their learning experience.
perspective
(phenomenology).
Summary of the Humanistic Theory
 Main contribution is toward teacher’s
attitude not their approach or methods
of teaching.
 An educator must be humanistic with
emphasis on love, concern, open
communication, with genuineness,
empathy and warmth.