EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT

AND ADMINISTRATION
 Teaching and Learning Strategies
• Lecture (Pure and Interactive)
• Discussions (Classroom and Groups)
• Interactive Techniques (Q/As & Pair/Share)
• RBL (library & Internet)
 GOALS
• Introducing student teachers to the concepts,
theories, and functions of Educational
Management and Administration.

• To enable student to reflect on how

Management and Administration theories are
applicable to Tanzania Education Context.
 COURSE OBJECTIVES

• Explain the meaning and functions of

educational management and administration.

• Describe and analyse the strengths and

weaknesses of the main theories and models
of educational management in Tanzanian
education system.
 Lesson Outline

Concepts of Educational Management and

Administration (M&A):
• Definitions of M&A
• Differences and Similarities between M&A
• Assessment
 INTRODUCTION

• Successful operation of a school depends

entirely on its management and
administration system.

• Educational managers and administrators

provide instructional leadership and manage
the activities and resources in schools,
colleges and universities.
 INTRODUCTION…
School Managers and Administrators:

• Set educational standards and goals

• Establish the policies and procedures required
to achieve them
• Support teaching and non-teaching staff
(teachers, librarians, laboratory technicians,
matrons, store keepers, secretaries, drivers,
etc)
School Administrators and Managers…

• Monitor students educational progress,

motivate teachers and other staff.
• Handle relations with parents, students, and
the community.
• They develop annual school calendar.
• They handle Resources and supervise Projects.
 What is Administration?
• Administration means overall determination
of policies, setting of major objectives, the
identification of general purposes and laying
down of programmes and projects (Haimann)
• Administration means guidance, leadership &
control of the efforts of the groups towards
some common goals (Newman)
• It refers to the activities of higher level. It lays
down basic principles of the enterprise
 What is Management?

• According to Henri Fayor, “to manage is to

forecast and plan, to coordinate, and control”
• Van Fleet and Peterson define Management is
“a set of activities directed at the efficient
utilization of resources in pursuit of one or
more goal”
• it is an art of getting things done through &
with the people in formally organized groups.
 Differences Between Management
and Administration

• Management works with and through people

to accomplish organizational goals,
administration is [more] concerned with
directing and controlling.
• Administration establishes policies that guide
decision making, laws and regulations.
Management implements the of Laws and
Regulations.
 On the basis of Function
Basis Management Administration
Meaning Management is an art of It is concerned with
getting things done through formulation of
others by directing their broad objectives,
efforts towards achievement plans & policies.
of pre-determined goals.

Nature Management is an Administration is a

executing function. decision-making
Managers get things done function. Plans and
under supervision. policies are
determined under it
 On the basis of function…

Process Management decides Administration

who should what & decides what is to
how should he should be done & when it
do it. is to be done.

Skills Technical and Human Conceptual and

skills Human skills

Level Middle & lower level Top level function

function
 On the Basis of Usage
Basis Management Administration
Applicability It is applicable to It is applicable to non-
business firms business firms
Influence The decisions are It is influenced by
influenced by the public opinion, govt.
values, beliefs & policies, customs etc.
decisions of the
managers.
Status Constitutes the Represents owners of
employees of the the enterprise who earn
organization who are profits in the form of
paid dividend.
 Similarities Between Management
and Administration
• Practically, functions of managers and
administrators overlap.

Administrators not only set goals, standards

and rules, but direct and control functions of
the organization.

Every manager is concerned with both

administrative management function and
operative management function.
 Similarities…
• Management is a subset of administration.
They are not separate. Both are concerned
with achievement of organizational goals.

• Both Managers and Administrators perform at

different levels all management functions
(Planning, organizing, directing, controlling,
and staffing)
 Educational Management and
Administration
• Educational Management and Educational
Administration are applied fields. They both
originate from theories of Organizational and
Business Management and Administration

• Therefore we can define educational

management and administration based on
definitions used in business management and
administration.
 Educational Administration
• Educational Administration refers to guidance,
leadership and control of the efforts of
education institutions or programs towards
achievement of educational goals.
• It is higher level authority that determines
policies, identifies goals and lays down
principles of running an educational
institution or project.
 Educational Management
• Educational Management is executive authority
of an educational organization that deals with
planning, staffing, organizing, directing, and
controlling of activities and resources.
• It is an art of working with people and through
people in the efforts of achieving predetermined
educational goals through efficient utilization of
available resources of a school, college, or
university.
 Assessment
• Distinguish the terms Administration and
Management
• In a school system who do you consider a part
of management: A) Parents B) School Board,
C) Headmaster D) Teachers E) Non-Teaching
Staff?
• Explain two main differences between
educational administration and education
management.