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A jet is a stream of fluid emerging from a nozzle, the jet has some velocity and hence it
possesses a certain amount of kinetic energy. If this jet strikes an obstruction placed in its
path, it will exert a force on the obstruction. This impressed force is known as impact of
jet.
Stationary surface or plate is smooth (friction is very small or trivial). No loss of energy
due to impact of the jet. Jet will move over the plate after striking with a velocity equal to
initial velocity. Negligible variation in elevation of the incoming and outgoing jets.
The jet of water striking the plate will move along the plate. However, the plate is kept at
right angles to the jet; hence, the jet after striking will be deflected through 90 0, that is,
the jet after striking the plate will leave tangentially to the plate as shown in the figure
below.
Fixed plate
Jet axis
Nozzle 900
Y
Pipe
O X
= { − }
= { − 0} = = → ( )
Reaction of the vane on the jet (as per Newton’s third law) is given by,
= ← ( )
Example 6.2: A jet of water of 10 cm diameter impinges normally on a fixed plate with velocity
of 20 m/s. Find the force exerted on the plate.
Solution:
Given: Diameter of the jet = 0.10m; area of the jet, a= 7.854 x10-3 m2; velocity of the jet, v=
20m/s;
Using the relation for force exerted by the jet on the plate,
Example 6.3: A jet of water of 10cm diameter is discharging under a constant head of 100m.
Find the force exerted by the jet on a fixed plate. Take coefficient of velocity 0.9.
Solution:
Given: Diameter of the jet, d= 0.1m; area of the jet, a= 7.854 x 10-3 m2; head of water, h= 100m;
coefficient of velocity, Cv= 0.9;
into two components, one normal to the surface and other parallel to it. Since, water
leaves the surface tangentially; there is no component of force in that direction after
impinging. Q1
Y
Fn
FY θ
Jet axis FX
X
θ
Stationary plate
Nozzle
Pipe
Q2
= { sin − 0}
= sin
Fn is resolved into two components, in two directions, one parallel to the jet
it is given as
= sin
Or, =
Similarly, = cos
Or, = 2
= = =0
As the liquid strikes the plate, it is divided into two portions Q 1 and Q2. The values of Q1
0= cos − [ − ]
+ =
On solving we get,
= (1 + cos )
2
= (1 − cos )
2
Ratio of discharge is given by,
1 + cos
=
1 − cos
When, =900; then, division of discharge will be equal. That is Q1 =Q2.
Example 6.4 A jet of velocity of 10 m/s strikes a flat plate inclined at 300 with the axis of jet.
If the cross sectional area of the jet is 10 cm2, find the force exerted by the jet on the plate.
Also, calculate the components of the force in the direction normal to the jet. Find also the
ratio in which the discharge gets divided after striking the plate.
Solution: Data given:
Velocity of jet, = 10 m/s; = 300; cross-sectional area, = 10x10-4 m2; ρwater= 1000 kg/m3;
To find normal force exerted by the jet on the flat plate:
= sin
= 50
= sin
= 50 sin 30 = 25
= cos
= 50 cos 30
= 43.30
1 + cos
= = 13.928
1 − cos