Question Bank – II edition – July 2019

SONA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, SALEM – 5.

U15EE505R – ELECTRICAL MACHINE DESIGN
QUESTION BANK (SAWHNEY)

UNIT 1 – INTRODUCTION
Syllabi
Definition for design – considerations and limitations in design – concept of magnetic circuit
– comparison of magnetic and electric circuits – MMF calculation for air gap and teeth – real and
apparent flux density in rotating machines – total loadings – specific loadings – magnetic leakage
calculations – leakage reactance – specific permeance of semi-closed parallel sided slot used in
induction machine and transformers.

Short Answer Questions

1) Name the basic structural parts of an electromagnetic rotating machines
2) Factors that impose limitations in design.
3) Magnetic leakage, leakage coefficient.
4) Gap contraction factor for slots and ducts with expression.
5) Define the term MMF in magnetic circuit.
6) Field form factor
7) Effect of Fringing flux. Carter’s fringing curves and carter’s coefficient.
8) Write the effects of saliency in design of magnetic circuits.
9) Stacking factor. Space factor.
10) Tapered teeth. Difficulties of measuring MMF.
11) State Simpson’s rule to find total mmf for teeth.
12) Method of estimating MMF in tapered teeth.
13) Real and apparent flux density? Relation between it.
14) Total loadings and specific loadings.
15) Factors affecting specific magnetic and electric loadings.
16) Equation – Air gap MMF, Net length of iron, Teeth MMF, real and apparent flux density.
17) What is slot leakage permeance?
18) Show that the leakage reactance is directly proportional to specific slot leakage permeance. What
is the effect of saturation and load on leakage coefficient?

Long Answer Questions (Theoretical)

1) Limitations in design of electrical apparatus.
2) Comparison between Electric circuit and magnetic circuit.
3) Effects of slots and ducts upon reluctance and airgap mmf.
4) Effect of saliency in salient pole machines. Airgap mmf of it.
5) Difficulties in calculating MMF for teeth and explain the methods.
6) Derivation of real and apparent flux density
7) Choice of total and specific loadings.
8) Permeance of semi enclosed parallel sided slots.

Analytical Answer Questions

AIRGAP LENGTH
1) The stator of machine has a smooth surface but its rotor has open type of slots with slot width
Ws = tooth width Wt = 12 mm, and the length of air gap lg = 2 mm. find the effective length of
air gap if the carter’s coefficient = 1/(1+5lg/Ws). There are no radial ducts. {3.1}
[Kcs = 0.545; Kgs = 1.37; Kg = 1.37; lgs = 2.74 mm]

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2) Determine air gap length of a DC machine from the given data: Gross length of core = 0.12 m,
number of ducts = 1 and is 10 mm wide, slot pitch = 25 mm, slot width = 10 mm, carter’s
coefficient for slots and ducts = 0.32, gap density at pole centre = 0.7 Wb/m 2, field mmf (for
magnetic circuit) per pole = 3900 A, mmf required for iron parts of mag. circuit = 800 A. {3-24}
[4.7 mm]

AIRGAP MMF
3) Calculate the mmf required for the air gap of a machine have core length = 0.32 m including
4 ducts of 10 mm each, pole arc = 0.19 m, slot pitch = 65.4 mm, slot opening = 5 mm, air gap
length = 5 mm, flux per pole = 52 mWb, carter’s coefficient is 0.18 for opening/gap = 1 and 0.28
for opening/gap = 2. {3.2}
[Kg = 1.05; Bg = 0.854 Wb/m2; ATg = 3587 A]

4) A 15 kW, 230 V, 4 pole DC machine has the following data: Armature diameter = 0.25 m;
armature core length = 0.125 m; length of air gap at pole centre = 2.5 mm; flux per pole = 11.7
mWb; ratio of pole arc to pole pitch = 0.66. Calculate the mmf required for air gap, if armature
is (i) Smooth (ii) Slotted, the gap contraction factor is 1.18 {3-23}
[1443 A; 1700 A]

AIRGAP AERA, FLUX DENSITY

5) Estimate effective gap area per pole of a 10 pole, slip ring induction motor with following data:
stator bore = 0.65 m, core length = 0.25 m, No. of stator slots = 90, stator slot opening = 3 mm,
rotor slots = 120, rotor slot opening = 3 mm, air gap length = 0.95 mm, carter’s coefficient for
ducts = 0.68, carter’s coefficient for slots = 0.46, no. of ventilating ducts = 3 each on rotor &
stator, width of each ventilating duct = 10 mm. {3.3}
[Kg = 1.26; Ag’ = 40.52 x 10-3 m2]
6) A 175 MVA, 20 pole water wheel generator has a core length of 1.72 m and diameter of 6.5 m.
The stator slots (open) have a width of 22 mm, the slot pitch being 64 mm and air gap length at
the centre of the pole is 30 mm. There are 41 radial ventilating ducts each 6 mm wide. The total
mmf per pole is 27000 A. The mmf required for the air gap is 87 % of the total mmf per pole.
Estimate the average flux density in the air gap if the field form factor is 0.7. Assume carter’s
coefficient for slots and ducts is 0.176 and 0.05. {3.4}
[Kg = 1.114; Bav = 0.615 Wb/m2]

7) Find the effective value of flux density at the pole centre of a DC machine if, actual density at
pole centre = 0.82 Wb/m2; length of air gap = 6 mm; width of tooth = 18 mm; width of slot = 13
mm; width of packets = 50 mm; width of duct = 10 mm; take carter’s coefficient for slots and
ducts is 0.3 and 0.25 respectively. Also, calculate the mmf for air gap. {Refer 3-25}
[Kg = 1.195; ATg = 4710 A]

REAL & APPARENT FLUX DENSITY

8) Calculate the apparent flux density at a particular section of a tooth from following data: Tooth
width = 12 mm; slot width = 10 mm; gross core length = 0.32 m; number of ventilating ducts =
4, each 10 mm wide; real flux density = 2.2 Wb/m2; permeability of teeth corresponding to real
flux density = 31.4 x 10-6 H/m; stacking factor = 0.9. {3.7}
[Ks = 2.328; Bapp = 2.317 Wb/m2]

9) Determine the apparent flux density in teeth of a DC machine if the real flux density in teeth is
2.15 Wb/m2, slot pitch is 28 mm, slot width is 10 mm, gross core length is 0.35 m, number of
ventilating ducts is 4 each 10 mm wide. Magnetizing force corresponding to flux density of 2.15
Wb/m2 is 55000 A/m and iron stacking factor is 0.9. {3.8}
[Ks = 1.95; Bapp = 2.2156 Wb/m2]

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10) Calculate the apparent flux density at a section of the teeth of an armature of a DC machine
from the following data at the section: slot pitch = 24 mm; slot width = tooth width = 12 mm;
length of armature core including 5 ducts 10 mm each = 0.38 m; iron stacking factor = 0.92. True
flux density in the teeth at that section is 2.2 Wb/m2 for which the mmf is 70,000 A/m. {3-27}
[2.332 Wb/m2]

LEAKAGE PERMEANCE
11) A 3 phase, 50 Hz, 6 pole induction motor has 3 slots per pole per phase. The stator core length is
0.12 cm and there are 225 turns per phase in stator. Two alternative sizes of almost equal area
are available for stator slots. Calculate the stator slot leakage reactance per phase in each case
and comment on the result. The machine has single layer winding. {3.12}

[(a) λs = 23.1 x 10-7; xs = 0.98 Ω. (b) λs = 30.5 x 10-7; xs = 1.29 Ω]

Deep narrow slot gives a high value of xl as compared with a shallow wide slot

12) Determine the leakage permeance per metre length of a rectangular semi enclosed slot having
the following dimensions. (all in mm). Slot width = 10; slot opening = 4.5; height of conductor
portion = 26; height above conductor and below wedge = 1; wedge height = 3.5; lip height = 1.5.
{3-31}
[1.78 μ0]

13) Calculate the slot leakage permeance per metre of core length for an induction motor having slot
dimensions given (all in mm): {10-31}

[ ]
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 Question Bank – II edition – July 2019

UNIT 2 – D.C. MACHINES

Syllabi
Output equation – main dimensions – separation of D and L – choice of specific loadings –
choice of number of poles – core length – armature diameter – pole proportions – design of air gap
– armature design – design of commutator and brushes.

Short Answer Questions

1) Why high value of ‘ac’ is preferred for high speed machines.
2) Effect of high specific magnetic and electric loading in DC machines.
3) Why do small machines have lower specific magnetic loadings?
4) Show that heat loss dissipated per unit area of armature surface of any rotating electric machine
is proportional to specific electric loading.
5) Why does an increase in machine voltage necessitate in a reduction of ‘ac’?
6) What are the main dimensions in a machine? Factors affecting size (L and D) of rotating machine.
7) Why are machines with large dimensions are more efficient?
8) What is output coefficient of a machine? Explain its implication.
9) Explain role of peripheral speed on choice of D and L.
10) Lap winding and wave winding – Advantage, comparison. Use of Equalizer connection.
11) Why square pole is preferred?
12) Why does the weight of iron in the core decreases with increase in number of poles?
13) Why does the weight of field copper decreases with increase in number of poles?
14) Find the expression to find the maximum value of permissible core length.
15) What is the limiting value for armature diameter?
16) Find an expression for estimation of airgap length.
17) List the factors to be considered for selecting the number of armature slots.
18) What are the guiding factors for choice of number of armature slots?
19) What are the losses at commutator surface?
20) Role of commutator.
21) Factors for design of commutator.
22) Commutator brush losses.

Long Answer Questions (Theoretical)

1) Output equation of DC machine.
2) Factors affecting Choice of specific electric and magnetic loadings.
3) Choice of number of poles. Advantages and drawbacks of large number of poles.
4) Guidelines for selection of number of poles.
5) Factors for length of airgap.
6) Difference between lap and wave winding.
7) Number of armature coils.
8) Factors for number of slots; guiding factors.
9) Design of commutator.

Analytical Answer Questions

SPECIFIC LOADINGS, OUTPUT POWER
1) A 350 kW, 500 V, 450 rpm, 6 pole, DC shunt generator is built with an armature diameter of
0.87 m and core length is 0.32 m. The lap wound armature has 660 conductors. Calculate the
specific electric and magnetic loadings. {6.1}
[ac = 28200 A/m; Bav = 0.693 Wb/m2]

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2) A 125 W, 230 V, 5000 rpm, universal motor has a full load efficiency of 50 %. Calculate the
power developed by armature if the motor if the sum of iron, friction and windage losses is
approximately 1/3 of total losses. {6.5}
[Pa = 167 W]

OUTPUT EQUATION & MAIN DIMENSIONS

3) A 500 kw, 375 rpm dc generator is designed with Bav = 0.6 Wb/m2 and ac = 35000 ac/m and ratio
of pole arc to pole pitch = 0.66. The armature is lap connected and single turn coils are used.
Find suitable values for diameter and length of armatureif the maximum value of voltage between
adjacent segment is not to exceed 30 V at full load and the peripheral speed is not to exceed 30
m/s. Assume the maximum value of gap density of full load to be 1.3 times the maximum value
of flux density at no load. Efficiency at full load = 0.91. {6.18}
[D = 1 m; L = 0.42 m; Bg = 0.9 Wb/m2; Ecm = 24.6 V]

4) A 5 kW, 250V, 4 pole, 1500 rpm DC shunt generator is designed to have a square pole face. The
loadings are: average magnetic flux density in the air gap is 0.42 Wb/m2 and ampere conductors
per meter = 15,000. Find the main dimensions of the machine. Assume full load efficiency =
87%. The ratio of pole arc to pole pitch = 0.66. {9.1}
[D = 0.193 m; L = 0.1 m]

5) Find the main dimensions of a 200 kW, 250 V, 6 pole, 1000 rpm DC generator. The maximum
value of flux density in the air gap is 0.87 Wb/m2 and the ampere conductors per metre of
armature periphery are 31000. The ratio of pole arc to pole pitch is 0.67 and efficiency is 91 %.
Assume the ratio of length of core to pole pitch = 0.75. {9-33}
[D = 0.57 m, L = 0.23 m]

6) Calculate the diameter and length of armature for a 7.5 kW, 4 pole, 1000 rpm, 220 V, DC shunt
motor. Given: full load efficiency = 0.83, maximum gap flux density = 0.9 Wb/m2, specific
electric loading = 30000 ac/m, field form factor = 0.7. Assume the maximum efficiency occurs
at full load and the field current is 2.5 % of rated current. The pole face is square. {9.4}
[D = 0.17 m; L = 0.09 m]

7) A design is required for a 50 kW, 4 pole, 600 rpm DC shunt generator with full load terminal
voltage of 220 V. If the maximum gap density is 0.83 Wb/m2 and the armature ampere conductors
per metre are 30000. Calculate suitable dimensions of armature core to give a square pole face.
Assume full load armature voltage drop as 3 % of the rated terminal voltage and that the field
current as 1 % of rated full load current. The ratio of pole arc to pole pitch is 0.67. {9.2}
[D = 0.389 m; L = 0.21 m]

MD WITH POLES, AIR GAP

8) Find the main dimensions and number of poles of a 37 kW, 230 V, 1400 rpm shunt motor so
that a square pole face is obtained. The Bav = 0.5 Wb/m2 and the ac = 22000 A/m. The ratio of
pole arc to pole pitch is 0.7 and the full load efficiency is 90 %. {9-34}
[p = 4; D = 0.3 m; L = 0.165 m]

9) Determine the main dimensions, number of poles and air gap length of a 600 kW, 500 V, 900
rpm, DC generator. Assume: Average flux density 0.6 T, ampere-conductors per meter as 35000.
The ratio of pole arc to pole pitch is 0.75 and efficiency is 91 %. The following are design
constraints: Peripheral speed should not exceed 40 m/s, frequency of flux reversal should not
exceed 50 Hz, Armature mmf per pole limited to 7500 A, Current per brush arm should not
exceed 400 A. The mmf required for air gap is 50 % of armature mmf and Kg = 1.15. {9.3}
[P = 6; D = 0.8 m; L = 0.33 m; lg = 5 mm]

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10) A 150 kW, 230 V, 500 rpm, DC shunt motor has a square field coil. Find its number of poles,
main dimensions and air gap length. Assume the average gap density over the pole arc as 0.85
Wb/m2 and the ampere conductors per metre as 29000. The ratio of width of pole body to pole
pitch is 0.55 and the ratio of pole arc to pole pitch is 0.7. The efficiency is 91 %. Assume that the
mmf required for air gap is 55 % of armature mmf and the gap contraction factor is 1.15. {9.5}
[Pa = 155 kW; C0 = 170; P = 6; D = 0.725 m; L = 0.21 m; lg = 3.87 mm]

ARMATURE DESIGN
11) Find the armature voltage drop of a 300 kW, 500 V, 6 pole, lap connected DC generator having
150 slots with 8 conductors per slot. Area of each conductor is 25 mm2 and length of mean turn
is 2.5 m. The resistivity is 0.021 Ω/m and mm2. {9.12}
[21 V]

12) A 250 kW, 500 V, 600 rpm, DC generator is built with an armature diameter of 0.75 m and a
core length of 0.3 m. The lap connected armature has 720 conductors. Using the data obtained
from this machine, Determine the armature diameter, core length, number of armature slots,
armature conductors and commutator segments for a 350 kW, 440 V, 720 rpm, 6 pole, DC
generator. Assume a square pole face with ratio of pole arc to pole pitch equal to 0.66. the
efficiency is 0.91 and the internal voltage drop is 4 % of rated voltage. The diameter of
commutator is 0.7 of armature diameter. The pitch of commutator segments should not be less
than 4 mm. The voltage between adjacent segments should not exceed 15 V at no load. {9.13}
[C0 = 163; Bav = 0.61 Wb/m2], [D = 0.835 m; L = 0.29 m; Z = 493; S = 87; C = 176]
[u = 6; C = 252; Dc = 0.585 m; βc = 7.3 mm]
(9.14,15)*

13) Determine the diameter and length of armature core for a 55 kW, 110 V, 1000 rpm, 4 pole,
shunt generator, assuming specific electric and magnetic loadings are 26000 ac/m and 0.5 Wb/m2
respectively. The pole arc should be about 70 % of pole pitch and length of core about 1.1 times
of the pole arc. Allow 10 A for the field current and assume a voltage drop of 4 V for the armature
circuit. Specify the windings used and determine the suitable values for the number of armature
conductors and the number of slots. {9-35}
[D = 0.356 m; L = 0.212 m; lap; Z = 228; S = 38]

14) A 4 pole, 25 HP, 500 V, 600 rpm, series motor has an efficiency of 82 %. The pole faces are
square and the ratio of pole arc to pole pitch is 0.67. Assume an average gap density of 0.55
Wb/m2 and 17000 ac/m. Obtain the main dimensions of the core and particulars of a suitable
armature winding. {9-39}
[D = 0.36 m; L = 0.174 m; Z = 840; C = 105; S = 35]

15) The diameter of armature of a 300 kW, 460 V, six pole d.c. generator is 1 m. Determine the
number of conductors, the number of slots and the number of commutator segments to satisfy
the conditions of symmetry and to provide tapping for three slip rings for a static balance. Assume
provisionally a specific electric loading of 25000 ac/m. Calculate cross section of conductors
using a current density of 4 A/mm2. {9-42}
[Z = 738; S = 123; C = 369; az = 27.2 mm2]

COMMUTATOR AND BRUSHES

16) Determine the total commutator losses for 800 kW, 400 V, 300 rpm, 10 pole generator having
the data: Commutator diameter = 100 cm; Current density in brushes = 0.075 A/mm 2; Brush
pressure = 14.7 kN/m2; Co-efficient of friction = 0.23; Total brush contact drop = 2.2 V. {9.34}
[AB = 53.3x10-3 m2; Vc = 15.7 m/s; Wcf = 2830 W; Total loss = 7230 W]

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17) Determine the total commutator losses for 1000 kW, 500 V, 800 rpm, 10 pole generator having
the following data: Commutator diameter = 1 m, current density at brush contact = 75x10 -3
A/mm2, brush pressure = 14.7 kN/m2, coefficient of friction = 0.28, total brush contact drop =
2.2 V. {9-51}
[7240 W]

18) Design suitable commutator for a 350 kW, 600 rpm, 440 V, 6 pole, DC generator having an
armature diameter of 0.75 m. The number of coils is 288. Assume suitable values wherever
necessary. {9-52}
[Dc = 0.52 m; Lc = 0.35 m]

19) The armature of a 10 pole, 1000 kW, 500 V, 300 rpm, DC generator has a diameter of 1.6 m.
There are 450 coils. Determine suitable axial length and diameter for the commutator, giving
details of brushes, having regard to commutation connection and temperature rise. The design
limitations are: peripheral speed of commutator < 20 m/s; pitch of segments > 4mm; current per
brush < 70 A; temperature rise < 40 °C. The other data given is: The brushes span three segments
approximately; brush contact drop = 1.5 V; coefficient of friction = 0.15; brush pressure = 20
kN/m2; cooling coefficient = 0.012/(1+0.1Vc). make suitable assumptions for clearance between
brush boxes, staggering of brushes and end play. {9.36}
[tb = 21 mm; wb = 40 mm; Ab = 6.723x10-3 m2; Lc = 0.4 m; Loss = 6165 W; θ = 22.9 °C]

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UNIT 3 – TRANSFORMERS

Syllabi
Classification of transformers – output of single phase and three phase transformers – volt
per turn and transformer constants – optimum design – design of core, windings and yoke for core
and shell type transformers – temperature rise of transformers – design of tanks and cooling tubes.

Short Answer Questions

1) What are the classifications of transformers? Distinguish between them.
2) Effect of leakage flux. Leakage coefficient.
3) Core Vs Shell type transformers.
4) Which types of windings are preferred shell and core type transformers?
5) Why stepped cores are preferred? Advantages.
6) Circumscribing circle.
7) What is window space factor? Find the width of window for optimum output.
8) Reason for positioning LV winding next to core.
9) Why circular coils are preferred?
10) hy should be current densities of two windings in transformer should be equal?
11) Types of winding used in Transformer.
12) What are the different methods of cooling of transformers?
13) Advantage of Oil cooling over Air cooling.
14) Advantages of use of cooling tubes over plain wall transformer.
15) Equation – Output equation for 1Φ, 3Φ core and shell type transformer, volt per turn, optimum
design, overall dimensions, cooling of transformer.

Long Answer Questions (Theoretical)

1) Derivation of output equation of single phase core (and/or shell) type transformer.
2) Derivation of output equation of three phase core and shell type transformer.
3) Comparison of core and shell type transformers.
4) Derivation of EMF (volt) per turn.
5) Optimize the transformer design for (i) minimum cost, (ii) minimum loss.
6) Core area factor for Square and stepped core.
7) Design of yoke and overall dimensions
8) Cooling methods of transformer.
9) Temperature rise and Derivation of number of cooling tubes.

Analytical Answer Questions

OUTPUT EQUATION & VOLT PER TURN
1) Calculate the kVA output of a single-phase transformer from the following data: Core height /
Distance between core centres = 2.8; Diameter of circumscribing circle / Distance between core
centres = 0.56; Net iron area / Area of circumscribing circle = 0.7; current density = 2.3 A/mm2;
window space factor = 0.27; frequency = 50 Hz; flux density of core = 1.2 Wb/m2; distance
between core centres = 0.4 m. {5.3}
[Aw = 0.197 m2; Ai = 0.0276 m2; Q = 450 kVA]

2) A 3 phase, 50 Hz, oil cooled core type transformer has following dimensions: Distance between
core centres = 0.2 m, Height of window = 0.24 m. Diameter of circumscribing circle = 0.14 m.
The flux density in the core = 1.25 Wb/m2, the current density in the conductor = 2.5 A/mm2.
Estimate kVA rating of transformer. Assume a window space factor of 0.2 and the core area
factor = 0.56. The core is 2 stepped. {30}
[16.5 kVA]

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TRANSFORMER DIMENSIONS
3) Calculate the core and window areas required for a 1000 kVA, 6600/400 V, 50 Hz, single phase
core type transformer. Assume maximum flux density of 1.25 Wb/m2 and current density of 2.5
A/mm2, voltage per turn = 30 V and window space factor = 0.32. {5-29}
[0.108 m2; 0.0834 m2]

4) Determine the dimensions of the core and yoke for a 200 kVA, 50 Hz, single phase core type
transformer. A cruciform core is used with distance between adjacent limbs equal to 1.6 times
the width of core laminations. Assume voltage per turn of 14 V, maximum flux density of 1.1
Wb/m2, window space factor of 0.32, current density of 3 A/mm2 and stacking factor equal to
0.9, the net iron area of 0.56 d2 in cruciform core where d is diameter of circumscribing circle.
Width of the largest stamping is 0.85d. {5.4}
[H = 0.804 m; W = 0.737 m]

5) Determine the dimensions of the core and yoke for a 5 kVA, 50 Hz, single phase core type
transformer. A rectangular core is used with long side twice as long as short side. The window
height is 3 times the width. Assume voltage per turn of 1.8 V, maximum flux density of 1 Wb/m2,
space factor of 0.2, current density of 1.8 A/mm2. {5-31}
[Ai = 8100 mm2; Aw = 15.5 x 103 mm2; core 135 x 67.5 mm2; Window 72.5 x 217.5 mm2]

6) The ratio of flux to full load mmf in a 400 kVA, 50 Hz, single phase core type power transformer
is 2.4x10-6. Calculate the net iron area and the window area of the transformer. Maximum flux
density in the core is 1.3 Wb/m2, current density 2.7 A/mm2 and window space factor 0.26. Also
calculate the full load mmf. {5.6}
[Ai = 0.0507 m2; Aw = 0.0777 m2; AT = 27500 A]

7) Determine the main dimensions of the core, the number of turns, the cross-sectional area of
conductors in primary and secondary windings of a 100 kVA, 2200/480 V, single phase core
type transformer, to operate at a frequency of 50 Hz by assuming the following data.
Approximate volt per turn = 7.5 V. Maximum flux density = 1.2 Wb/m2. Ratio of effective cross-
sectional area of core to square of diameter of circumscribing circle is 0.6. Ratio of height to
width of window is 2. Window space factor = 0.28. Current density = 2.5 A/mm2. {5-33}
[0.0282 m2; 294, 64; 18.2 mm2; 83.2 mm2]

8) Determine the main dimensions of the core, the number of turns and the cross section of the
conductors of a 5 kVA, 11000/400 V, 50 Hz, single phase core type distribution transformer.
The net conductor area in the window is 0.6 times the net cross sectional area of iron in the core.
Assume square cross section for core, flux density = 1 tesla. Current density = 1.4 A/mm 2,
window space factor is 0.2. Height of the window is 3 times its width. Use circular conductors.
{5.7}
[Tp = 6765; Ts = 246; ap = 0.384 mm2; as = 8.93 mm2; W = 0.265 m; H = 0.435 m]

9) Determine the approximate overall dimensions for a 200 kVA, 6600/440 V, 50 Hz, three phase,
core type transformer. The following data may be assumed: emf per turn = 10 V, maximum flux
density = 1.3 Wb/m2, window space factor = 0.3, current density = 2.5 A/mm2; overall height =
overall width and stacking factor = 0.9. Use a 3-stepped core. Width of the largest stamping =
0.9 d. The net iron area = 0.6 d2, where d is diameter of circumscribing circle. {5.5}
[D = 0.323 m; H = 0.86 m; W = 0.862 m]

10) Estimate the main dimensions including winding conductor areas of a 3 phase delta/star core type
transformer rated at 300 kVA, 6600/440 V, 50 Hz. A suitable core with three steps having a

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circumscribing circle of a 0.25 m diameter and leg spacing of 0.4 m is available. The emf per
turn is 8.5 V. Assume a current density of 2.5 A/mm2, a window space factor of 0.28 and stacking
factor of 0.9. {5-32}
[Tp,Ts = 776, 30; ap,as = 6, 157.5 mm2; window = 0.15 x 0.45 m2; core = 37.5x103 mm2]

11) Calculate the main dimensions and winding details of a 100 kVA, 2000/400 V, 50 Hz, single
phase shell type, oil immersed, self-cooled transformer. Assume volt/turn = 10 V, flux density
in core = 1.1 Wb/m2, current density = 2 A/mm2, window space factor = 0.33. the ratio of window
height to window width = 3 and ratio of core depth to width of central limb = 2.5. The stacking
factor is 0.9. {5.8}
[H = 0.435 m; W = 0.47 m; Tp = 200; Ts= 400; ap = 25 mm2; as = 125 mm2]

12) Determine the dimensions of the core, the number of turns and the cross-sectional area of
conductors of a 100 kVA, 2300/400 V, 50 Hz, single phase shell type transformer, assuming:
ratio of magnetic and electric loadings (i.e. flux and secondary mmf at full load) is 480x108;
Maximum flux density = 1.1 Wb/m2, current density = 2.2 A/mm2, window space factor = 0.3.
Ratio of depth of stacked core to width of central limb is 2.6. Ratio of height to width of window
is 2.5. Stacking factor 0.9. {5-34}
[135 x 340 mm2; 230, 40; 19.8 mm2; 114 mm2]

COOLING TUBES
13) A 250 kVA, 6600/400 V, three phase core type, transformer has total loss of 4800 W at full
load. The transformer tank is 1.25 m in height and 1 m x 0.5 m in plan. Design a suitable scheme
of tubes if the average temperature rise is to be limited to 35°C. The diameter of each tube is 50
mm and the tubes area spaced 75 mm from each other. The average height of tubes is 1.05 m.
Specific heat dissipation due to radiation and convection is respectively 6 and 6.5 W/m2-°C.
Assume that convection is improved by 35 % due to provision of tubes. {5.24}
[Tubes = 62; long side 12+11; short side 5+4 => 64]

14) A 1000 kVA, 6600/440 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase, delta/star, core type, oil immersed, natural cooled
transformer. The design data of the transformer is: Distance between centres of adjacent limbs =
0.47 m, outer dia. of H.V. winding = 0.44 m, height of frame = 1.24 m, core loss = 3.7 kW and
I2R loss = 10.5 kW. Design a suitable tank for the transformer. The average temperature rise of
oil should not exceed 35°C. The specific heat dissipation from the tank wall is 6 W/m 2-°C and
6.5 W/m2-°C due to radiation and convection respectively. Assume that the convection is
improved by 35 % due to provision of cooling tubes. {5.25}
[Tubes = 153; long side 18+17+16+15; short side 7+6+5+4 => 156]

15) The tank of 1250 kVA, natural oil cooled transformer has the dimension length, width and height
as 1.55 x 0.65 x 1.85 m respectively. The full load loss = 13.1 kW. Find the number of tubes
for this transformer assuming, loss dissipation due to radiations = 6 W/m2-°C, loss dissipation
due to convection = 6.5 W/m2-°C, improvement in convection due to provision of tubes = 40 %,
temperature rise = 40 °C, length of each tube = 1 m, diameter of tube = 50 mm. Neglect the top
and bottom surface of the tank as regards cooling. {42}
[190 tubes]

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 Question Bank – II edition – July 2019

UNIT 4 – THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

Syllabi
Output equation – main dimensions – separation of D and L – choice of specific loadings –
design of stator – length of airgap – design of rotor bars and end rings of squirrel cage rotor – design
of wound rotor.

Short Answer Questions

1) Three phase vs single phase IM.
2) Squirrel cage vs slip ring (wound) rotor.
3) What are the functions of frames in induction motor?
4) Which type of rotor construction is recommended for IM with high starting torque?
5) What are the undesirable effects produced in certain combination of stator and rotor slots.
6) Why semi enclosed type slots are used? Advantages.
7) Why air gap of IM is made small?
8) Which factor should be considered when estimating the length of the airgap of IM?
9) Unbalanced magnetic pull.
10) State some methods to reduce the harmonic torques in IM.
11) Why does skewing lower the power factor and overload capacity of the machine?
12) Crawling and Cogging.
13) Dispersion coefficient. Effect of high dispersion coefficient.
14) Method to improve power factor of IM.
15) Design and function of end ring. How do you calculate the area of end rings?
16) Comment on shape and sizes of rotor bars in IM.
17) What is overload capacity? Comment on selection of values of overload capacity of IM.
18) What are the desired values of L/τ?
19) What are the desired values of peripheral speed and width of ventilation ducts?
20) Why the airgap should be as small as possible?
21) What are the effects of space harmonics?
22) Why in an IM the number of slots should never be equal to the number of rotor slots?
23) What method should be adopted to avoid synchronous curps?
24) Why does an increase in number of poles result in decrease in maximum power factor?
25) Explain methods for improving starting torque.

Long Answer Questions (Theoretical)

1) Derivation of output/input equation.
2) Factors affecting Choice of specific electric and magnetic loadings.
3) Design of length of airgap. Advantages and limitations of small air gap.
4) Determination of number of stator, rotor slots, conductors per slot.
5) Design steps of squirrel cage IM.
6) Design of rotor bars and end rings.
7) Design of wound rotor.

Analytical Answer Questions

SPECIFIC LOADING & MAIN DIMENSIONS
1) Calculate the specific electric and magnetic loadings of a 100 HP, 3000 V, three phase, 50 Hz,
8 pole, star connected induction motor having stator core length = 0.5 m, stator bore = 0.66 m
and turns per phase = 286. Assume full load efficiency = 0.938 and power factor = 0.86. {6-11}
[ac = 14750 A/m; Bav = 0.22 Wb/m2]

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 Question Bank – II edition – July 2019

2) A 20 hp, 440 V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase induction motor is built with stator bore of 0.25 m and
core length of 0.16 m. The specific electric loading is 23000ac/m. Find specific magnetic loading.
Assume full load efficiency of 84 % and power factor of 0.82. Using the data of the above
machine determine the main dimensions for a 15 hp, 460 V, 6 pole, 50 Hz motor. {6-24}
[Bav = 0.36 Wb/m2; D = 0.8 m; L = 0.125 m]

3) A 1.1 Kw, 3 phase, 50 Hz, 1500 srpm delta connected induction motor has: stator bore, D = 0.15
m and core length, L = 0.06 m. Estimate the main dimensions of s 3.7 kW, 3 phase, 50 Hz, 1000
srpm delta connected motor having the same loadings as the previous data. The efficiency and
power factor are same. Assume same L/τ ratio. {6.16}
[D2 = 0.29 m; L2 = 0.08 m]

4) Find the main dimensions of a 15 kW, 3 phase, 400 V, 50 Hz, 2810 rpm, squirrel cage induction
motor having efficiency of 88 % and full load power factor 0.9. Bav = 0.5 T, ac/m = 25000. The
rotor peripheral speed should be approximately 20 m/s at synchronous speed. {10.2}
[D = 0.125 m; L = 0.177 m]

5) Determine the diameter of stator bore and core length of a 70 HP, 415 V, 3 phase, 50 Hz, star
connected, 6 pole induction motor for which specific electric and magnetic loadings are 32000
A/m and 0.51 Wb/m2 respectively. Take the efficiency as 90 % and power factor as 0.91. Assume
pole pitch equal to core length. {10-25}
[D = 0.35 m; L = 0.1825 m]

6) Find the values of diameter and length of stator core of a 7.5 kW, 220 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole, 3
phase induction motor for best power factor. Specific magnetic loading = 0.4 Wb/m2; specific
electric loading = 22000 A/m; efficiency = 0.86; power factor = 0.87, ratio of core length to pole
pitch is unity. {10-23}
[D = 0.18 m; L = 0.12 m. D = 0.172 m; L = 0.136 m]

MD WITH STATOR DIMENSIONS

7) A 415 V, 3 phase, 50 Hz, 6 pole, delta connected induction motor has a specific magnetic loading
of 0.5 Wb/m2 and a specific electric loading of 24000A/m. The stator core diameter and length
are 0.275 m and 0.15 m respectively. Find the output of the machine if the full load efficiency
and power factor are 0.88 and 0.89 respectively. Determine the number of stator slots, conductors
per slot and length of airgap. {10-24}
[Po = 18.75 kW; slots = 54; lg = 0.6 mm]

8) Estimate the stator core dimensions, number of stator slots and number of stator conductors
per slot for a 100 kW, 3300 V, 50 Hz, 12 pole star connected slip ring induction motor. Assume
Bav = 0.4 Wb/m2; ac = 25000 A/m; Efficiency = 90 %; Power factor = 0.9 and winding factor =
0.96. Choose main dimensions to give best power factor. (take 4 slots/pole/phase) The slot
loading should not exceed 500 A/m. {10.4}
[D = 0.78 m; L = 0.23 m; Ts = 487; Ss = 144; Zss = 20]

9) Determine the approximate diameter and length of stator core, number of stator slots and
the number of conductors for a 11 kW, 400 V, 3 phase, 4 pole, 1425 rpm delta connected
induction motor. Assume Bav = 0.45 Wb/m2, ac = 23000 A/m, efficiency = 0.85 and power factor
= 0.88. Take L/τ = 1. The stator has double layer winding. {10-22}
[D = 0.19 m; L = 0.15 m; Slots = 36; Conductors = 1080]

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10) Determine the main dimensions, number of radial ventilating ducts, number of stator slots
and the number of turns per phase of a 3.7 kW, 400 V, 3 phase, 4 pole, 50 Hz squirrel cage
induction motor to be started by star delta starter. Assume Bav = 0.45 Wb/m2, ac = 23,000 A/m,
efficiency = 0.85, power factor = 0.84, winding factor = 0.955, stacking factor = 0.9. take 3 slot
per pole. Cheap design is preferred. {10.1}
[D = 0.117 m; L = 0.13 m; Li = 0.108 m; one duct; Ts = 343; Ss = 36]

11) Determine the main dimensions, turns per phase, number of slots, conductor cross section
and slot area of a 250 HP, 3 phase, 50 Hz, 400 V, 1410 rpm, slip ring induction motor. Assume
Bav = 0.5 Wb/m2, ac = 30000 A/m, efficiency = 0.9 and power factor = 0.9. winding factor =
0.955, current density = 3.5 A/mm2. The slot space factor is 0.4 and the ratio of core length to
pole pitch is 1.2. (Take 5 slots per pole and 3 conductors per slot). The machine is delta
connected. {10.3}
[D = 0.395; L = 0.375; Ts = 32.4; Ss = 60; as = 55 mm2; total slot area = 412.5 mm2]

12) A 15 kW, 440 V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase induction motor is built with a stator bore 0.25 m and a
core length of 0.16 m. The specific electric loading is 23000 ampere conductors per meter. Using
the data of this machine, determine the core dimensions, number of stator slots and number
of stator conductors for a 11 kW, 460 V, 6 pole, 50 Hz motor. Assume a full load efficiency of
84 % and power factor of 0.82 for each machine. (use 3 slots/pole/phase) The winding factor is
0.955. {10.5}
[15 kW motor: Bav = 0.36 T; τ = 0.196 m; L/τ = 0.815]
[11 kW motor: D = 0.3 m; L = 0.125 m; Ss = 54; Ts = 307; Zss = 34.1]

ROTOR BARS & END RINGS

13) A 11 kW, 3 phase, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 220 V, star connected induction motor has 54 slots, each
containing 9 conductors. Calculate the values of bar and end ring currents. The number of
rotor bars is 64. The machine has an efficiency of 0.86 and a power factor of 0.85. The rotor mmf
may be assumed as 85 % of stator mmf. Also find the bar and the end ring sections if the
current density is 5 A/mm2. {10.10}
[Ib = 258 A; Ie = 883 A; ab = 51.6 mm2; ae = 176.6 mm2]

14) A 3 phase, 2 pole, 50 Hz squirrel cage induction motor has a rotor diameter 0.2 m and core
length 0.12 m. The peak density in the air gap is 0.55 Wb/m2. The rotor has 33 bars, each of
resistance 125 μΩ and a leakage of 2 μH. the slip is 6 %. Calculate (i) peak value of current in
each bar; (ii) rotor I2R loss; (iii) rotor output; (iv) torque. Neglect the resistance of end rings.
{10.11}
[(i) 676.8 A; (ii) 1890 W; (iii) 29.61 kW; (iv) 100.3 Nm]

15) Calculate the equivalent resistance of rotor per phase with respect to stator, the current in
each bar and end ring and the total rotor copper loss for a 415 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole, 3 phase
induction motor having following data: - Stator: Slots = 48; conductors in each slot = 35; current
in each conductor = 10 A. Rotor: slots = 57; length of each bar = 0.12 m; area of each bar = 9.5
X 5.5 mm2.; mean diameter of the end ring = 0.2 m; area of each end ring = 175 mm2. Resistivity
of copper is 0.02 Ω/m and mm2. Power factor = 0.85. {10-27}
[1.49 Ω/phase; 241.5 A; 1095 A; 323 W]

16) A 15 kW, 3 phase, 6 pole, 50 Hz squirrel cage induction motor has the following data: Stator
bore diameter = 0.32 m; axial length of stator core = 0.125 m; number of stator slots = 54; number
of conductors per stator slot = 24; current in each stator conductor = 17.5 A; full load power
factor = 0.85 lagging. Design a suitable cage rotor giving number of rotor slots, selection of each

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 Question Bank – II edition – July 2019

bar and section of each ring. The full load speed is to be about 950 rpm approximately. Use
copper for the rotor bars and end rings. Resistivity of copper is 0.02 ohm/m and mm2. {10.12}
[Ie = 1030 A; ae = 147 mm2; Total rotor Cu loss = 721 W; Nr = 954.2 rpm]

WOUND ROTOR DESIGN

17) A 90 kW, 500 V, 50 Hz, three phase, 8 pole slip ring induction motor has star connected stator
winding accommodated in 63 slots with 6 conductors per slot. If the slip ring voltage on open
circuit is to be about 400 V, find (i) number of rotor slots; (ii) number of conductors per slot;
(iii) coil span; (iv) slip ring voltage on open circuit; (v) full load current per phase in rotor.
Assume efficiency is 0.9 and power factor = 0.86. {10.14}
[(i) 72; (ii) 4; (iii) 9 slots; (iv) 381 V; (v) 151.6 A]

18) A 30 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz, 6 pole star connected slipring induction motor. Stator core diameter =
0.4 m; efficiency = 0.9; power factor = 0.8; flux per pole = 12.4 mWb. Determine (a) number
of stator slots; (b) number of rotor slots; (c) number of rotor conductors; (d) rotor
conductor area; (e) rotor slot dimensions. The rotor voltage at the slip rings at stand-still is to
be about 200 V. Make number of rotor slots 3 slots per pole pair less than number of stator slots.
The current density in rotor conductors is 4 A/mm2, rotor slot space factor = 0.4 and the ratio of
depth of slot to width of slot is about 6. Winding factor = 0.96. {10-28}
[(a) 54; (b) 45; (c) 270; (d) 24 mm2; (e) 45 x 8 mm2]

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 Question Bank – II edition – July 2019

UNIT 5 – SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES

Syllabi
Output equation – runaway speed – main dimensions – separation of D and L – choice of
specific loadings – short circuit ratio – estimation of airgap length – shape of pole face – design of
stator and rotor of cylindrical pole and salient pole machines – design of damper winding – design
of field winding.

Short Answer Questions

1) What type of alternators preferred in power plants.
2) Define Short Circuit Ratio. How SCR value affects the design of alternator.
3) Why revolving field system is preferred in synchronous machine?
4) How are the synchronous machine are classified according to the construction?
5) Which types of prime movers are used for synchronous generators?
6) Define run away speed. Critical Speed.
7) What are the advantages of circular poles?
8) Why the stator winding of all syn. Gen. is usually star connected with neutral earthed?
9) Why do we reinforce the overhang of winding in the stator of turbo alternators?
10) Why does the rotor of turbo alternators are slotted for only two third of its periphery?
11) Damper winding? Use of damper winding.
12) Write short notes on damper winding in synchronous machine.
13) Discuss the factors that govern the choice of average gap density for syn. M.
14) What are the factors to be considered to select the specific loadings of Syn. M.
15) How do you select the airgap length of alternators?
16) Write a brief note on choice of shape of pole face.
17) What are the factors to be considered for selection of armature slots?
18) Limiting factors for diameter.
19) Cylindrical pole Vs salient pole construction.
20) Pitch factor. Distribution factor. Advantages of short pitch.

Long Answer Questions (Theoretical)

1) Derivation output/input equation.
2) Factors affecting Choice of specific electric and magnetic loadings.
3) Effects of short circuit ratio in synchronous machine performance.
4) Derive air gap length in terms of SCR.
5) Notes on shape of pole face. Single layer vs double layer winding.
6) Factors for number of armature slots.
7) Methods for eliminating the harmonics.
8) Design of field winding.
9) Design of turbo alternators.
10) Design of damper winding.

Analytical Answer Questions

OUTPUT EQUATIONS & MAIN DIMENSIONS

1) Determine the stator core dimensions for a 20 MVA, 3300 rpm, 3 phase turbo alternator, with
the data: Bav = 0.5 Wb/m2; Ac/m = 56000; Va = 150 m/s; lg = 30 mm; Kw = 0.955. {6-23}
[D = 1.015 m; L = 1.32 m]

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 Question Bank – II edition – July 2019

2) The output coefficient of 1250 kVA, 300 rpm, DC (or synchronous) generator is 200 kVA/m3-
rps. Calculate the value of main dimensions if: (a) L/D = 0.2; (b) specific loadings are decreased
by 10 % each with speed remaining the same; (c) speed is decreased to 150 rpm with specific
loadings remaining the same. Assume same ratio of length to diameter. Comment upon the
results. {6.2}
[(b) D = 1.98 m, L = 0.4 m. (c) D = 2.3 m, L = 0.46 m]

3) A 3000 rpm, 50 Hz, 3 phase turbo alternator has a core length of 0.94 m. The aspecific loadings
are 0.45 Wb/m2 and 25000 Ac/m. The peripheral speed of rotor is 100 m/s and the length of air
gap is 20 mm. Find the kVA output of the machine when the coils are (i) full pitch (ii) chorded
by 1/3 pole pitch. The winding can be taken as infinitely distributed with a phase spread of 60°.
{11.20}
[D = 0.677 m; (i) Q = 2480 kVA; (ii) Q = 2147 kVA]

4) Determine the main dimension for a 1000 kVA, 50 Hz, three phase, 375 rpm, alternator. The
average air gap flux density = 0.55 Wb/m2 and ampere conductors / m = 28,000. Use rectangular
poles and assume a suitable value for L/τ in order that bolted on pole construction is used for
which maximum permissible peripheral speed is 50 m/s. The runway speed is 1.8 times
synchronous speed. Assume winding factor = 0.955. {11.1}
[D = 1.36 m; L = 0.535 m]

5) Find the main dimensions of a 2500 kVA, 187.5 rpm, 50 Hz, three phase, 3 kV salient pole
synchronous generator. The generator is to be a vertical, water wheel type. The specific magnetic
loading is 0.6 Wb/m2 and the specific electric loading is 34000 A/m. Use circular poles with ratio
of core length to pole pitch = 0.65. Specify the type of pole construction used if the runaway
speed is about 2 times the normal speed. {11.2}
[D = 3.9 m; L = 0.245 m]

6) Determine suitable stator dimensions for a 500 kVA, 50 Hz, 375 rpm, three phase, alternator.
The average air gap flux density over the pole pitch is 0.55 Wb/mm2 and specific electric loading
is 25000 A/m. The peripheral speed should not exceed 35 m/s. Take core length to pole pitch
ratio is 2. {15}
[D = 1.75 m; L = 0.18 m]

7) Find the main dimensions of a 100 MVA, 11 kV, 50 Hz, 150 rpm, three phase water wheel
generator. The Bav = 0.65 Wb/m2, ac/m = 40000, peripheral speed should not exceed 65 m/s at
normal running speed in order to limit the runaway peripheral speed. (Choose L/τ satisfies
permissible speed and cheap design for field system). {11.3}
[L/τ = 4; D = 7.75 m; L = 2.43 m]

8) Obtain the main dimensions of the rotor of a 50 MVA, 2 pole, 50 Hz, synchronous generator.
The peripheral speed is limited to approx. 160 m/s. Take Bav = 0.5 Wb/m2 and ac/m = 65000
A/m. Assume a gap length of 25 mm. {25}
[D = 1 m; L = 2.3 m]

9) A 2 pole, 50 Hz, turbo alternator has a core length of 1.5 m. The mean flux density over the
pole pitch is 0.5 Wb/m2, the stator ampere conductors per metre are 26000 and peripheral speed
100 m/s. The average span of coils is one pole pitch. Determine the output which can be obtained
from the machine. Winding factor = 0.955. {26}
[4.1 MVA]

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 Question Bank – II edition – July 2019

DESIGN OF STATOR AND ROTOR OF SALIENT POLE MACHINES

10) Determine a suitable number of slots and conductors per slot, for the stator winding of a 3
phase, 3300 V, 50 Hz, 300 rpm, alternator. The diameter is 2.3 m and the axial length of core is
0.35 m. The maximum flux density in the air gap should be approximately 0.9 Wb/m2. Assume
sinusoidal flux distribution. Use single layer winding and star connection for stator. {11.4}
[Bav = 0.574 Wb/m2; Tph = 124; S = 180; Zs = 4]

11) A 1000 kVA, 3300 V, 50 Hz, 300 rpm, 3 phase, alternator has 180 slots with 5 conductors per
slot. Single layer winding with full pitch coils is used. The winding is star connected with one
circuit per phase. Determine the specific electric and magnetic loading if the stator bore is 2 m
and core length is 0.4 m. Using same loadings, determine the corresponding data for 1250 kVA,
3300V, 250 rpm, three phase star connected alternator having 2 circuits per phase. The machine
has 60° phase spread. {11.6}
[10000 kVA Gen.: Bav = 0.476 Wb/m2; ac = 25000 A/m]

12) Determine the main dimensions of a 75000 kVA, 13.8 kV, 50 Hz, 62.5 rpm, 3 phase star
connected alternator. Also, find the number of stator slots, conductors per slot, conductor area
and work out the winding details. The peripheral speed should be about 40 m/s. Assume, Bav =
0.65 Wb/m2 and ac = 40000 A/m and current density = 4 A/mm2. {11.7}*
[D = 12.2 m; L = 1.77 m; …..; Iph = 3140 A]

13) Determine for a 500 kVA, 6600 V, 12 pole, 500 rpm, 3 phase alternator, suitable values for (i)
the diameter at airgap, (ii) the core length, (iii) the number of stator conductors, (iv) the number
of stator slots. Assume a star connected stator winding, Bav = 0.6 Wb/m2 and ac/m = 30000 A/m.
Assume ratio length: pole pitch = 1.5. Sketch the shape of slot and the arrangement of conductors
and specify the insulation. {11-16}
[D = 0.94 m; L = 0.37 m; S = 81; Z = 1944]

14) Determine for a 250 kVA, 1100 V, 12 pole, 500 rpm, 3-phase alternator i) air gap Diameter ii)
core length iii) no. of stator conductors iv) no. of stator slots v) cross section of stator
conductors. Assume Bav = 0.6 Wb/m2 and the ac/m = 28500 A/m. Assume current density = 3.5
A/mm2. Assume L/τ = 1.5. {11-17}
[D = 0.78 m; L = 0.3 m; Z = 540; S = 90; as = 37.5 mm2]

15) A 3 phase alternator having a full load rating of 11000 kVA at 0.8 power factor, 2200 V, 50 Hz,
300 rpm, has a stator diameter of 1.9 m, core length 0.3 m and 180 slots. Using the information
from this machine, with suitable modifications where required, determine the stator diameter
core length , number of slots and conductors per slot for a 3 phase machine to give 2000 kVA at
0.8 power factor, 6600 V, 50 Hz, 600 rpm {11-19}
[D = 1.44 m; L = 0.45 m; S = 132; Zs = 14]

AIRGAP LENGTH
16) A 500 kVA, 33 kV, 50 Hz, 600 rpm, 3 phase, salient pole alternator has 180 turns per phase.
Estimate the length of the air gap if the average flux density is 0.54 Wb/m2; the ratio of pole arc
to pole pitch is 0.65; the short circuit ratio is 1.2; the gap contraction factor is 1.15 and winding
factor is 0.955. The mmf required for gap is 80 % of no load field mmf. {11.11}
[ATa = 10.62 A; lg = 5.2 mm]

17) A 1250 kVA, 3 phase, 50 Hz, 3300 V, star connected, 300 rpm, alternator of salient pole type.
Stator bore = 1.9 m; stator core length = 0.335 m; pole arc/pole pitch = 0.66; turns per phase =
150; single layer concentric winding with 5 conductors per slot, short circuit ratio = 1.2. Assume
that the distribution of gap flux is rectangular under the pole arc with zero values in the interpolar

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 Question Bank – II edition – July 2019

region. Calculate: (a) Specific magnetic loading; (b) armature mmf per pole; (c) gap density
over pole arc; (d) air gap length. Mmf required for air gap is 0.88 of no load field mmf and the
gap contr. factor is 1.15. {11.12}
[(a) 0.598 Wb/m2; (b) 4250 A; (c) 0.907 Wb/m2; (d) 5.38 mm]

18) A 1250 kVA, 3 phase, 50 Hz, 3300 V, 300 rpm, synchronous generator with a concentric winding
has the following design data. Bav = 0.58 Wb/m2, ac = 33000 A/m, gap length = 5.5 mm, field
turns per pole = 60, SCR = 1.2, the effective gap area is 0.6 times the actual area, peripheral
speed is 30 m/s. Find stator core length, stator bore, turns per phase, mmf for air gap,
armature mmf per pole and field current for no load. {11.13}
[L = 0.345 m; D = 1.9 m; Tph = 150; ATa = 4240 A; ATfo = 5100 A; Ifo = 85 A]

DESIGN OF DAMPER WINDING, FIELD WINDING

19) A 1250 kVA, 3 phase, 6600 V, salient pole alternator has the following data: Air gap diameter =
1.6 m, Length of the core = 0.45 m, No. of poles = 20, Armature ‘ac/m’ = 28,000, Pole arc/pole
pitch = 0.68, Stator slot pitch = 28 mm, Current density in damper bars = 3 A/mm 2. Design
suitable damper winding for the machine. {11.15}
[Ad = 473 mm2; Nd = 8; dd = 8.7 mm; ld = 0.5 m]

20) The field coils of a salient pole alternator are wound with a single layer winding of bare copper
strip 30 mm deep, with separating insulation 0.15 mm thick. Determine a suitable winding
length, number of turns and thickness of conductor to develop an mmf of 12000 A with a
potential difference of 50 V per coil and with a loss of 1200 W/m2 of total coil surface. The mean
length of turn is 1.2 m. The resistivity of copper is 0.021 Ω/. And mm2. {11.16}
[Tf = 91; hf = 196 mm]

21) Design the field winding for the following low speed alternator: 16 poles, excitation voltage =
110 V, maximum mmf per coil = 16000 A approximately. Full load mmf per coil = 12000 A.
Permissible loss at full load per square metre of the total coil surface = 1800 W. The field coil is
rectangular with rounded cornersthe internal dimensions being 0.30 m x 0.18 m with corners of
40 mm radius. The total height of coil is 0.17 m. {11-24}
[Depth = 33 mm; Turns = 84]

DESIGN OF STATOR AND ROTOR OF CYLINDRICAL POLE

22) Estimate the diameter, core length, size and number of conductors, number of slots for
stator of a 15 MVA, 11 kVA, 50 Hz, 2 pole, star connected turbo alternator with 60° phase
spread. Assume: Bav = 0.55 Wb/m2; ac = 36000 A/m; current density = 5 A/mm2; peripheral
speed = 160 m/s. the winding should be arranged to eliminate 5th harmonics. (use 5
slots/pole/phase) {11.21}
[D = 0.1 m; L = 1.57 m; Tph = 24; S = 30]

23) A 588 MVA, 22 kV, 50 Hz, 2 pole, 3 phase, star connected direct water cooled generator has a
stator bore of 1.3 m and a stator core length of 6 m. If the stator winding has 2 conductors per
slot and there are two circuits per phase, calculate the number of stator slots and the average
flux density in the air gap. The specific electric loading is 200000 A/m. Assume a winding
factor of 0.92. {11.22}
[Z = 106; S = 54; Bav = 0.565 Wb/m2]

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