Cairo University 2nd Year Metallurgy

Faculty of Engineering Physical Chemistry

Department of Mining, Petroleum Mid-Term (Examination)
And Metallurgy Time allowed : 2hours
2006/2007 (1st Term)

(1.a) A thermodynamic gas – system consists of n moles of a gas that behaves ideally,
the gas is contained in spherical vessel with radius r1 under pressure P1, the system
undergoes the following reversible processes:
 Isobaric process expanding to state 2 at which r2 = 2r1.
1
 Isochoric process to state 3 at which P2 = 2
P1 .
 A hypothetical linear process going back to the initial state
Calculate q , w , u for each process and for the cycle in term of n, r1, P1, given
5
that Cv = for the gas = 2
R and T1 = 200K

(1.b) Complete the following table

Physical process, or parameter Relation Research

methodology
1- Molar specific heat at contact pressure Cp = Definition
2- Boyles law
2- 1st law of thermodynamic u =
3- Extensive property -- Define
4- Enthalpy H=
5- Variation of enthalpy with temperature at
constant pressure
6- Adiabatic change
7- Hess law
8- Relation between Cp and Cv
==========================
2. A mixture of gases at 760 mm Hg contains 65 wt/o N 2, 15 wt/o Co2 and the
remainder is O2. Calculate the partial pressure of each gas component.

==========================

7
3. 10 moles of an ideal gas, with Cp value = 2
R, expands from 50 liters, 298K to
100 liters final state. Find the max. work obtained if
1. the process is isothermal
2. the process is adiabatic
3. the process occurs at constant volume
 ==========================

4. Predict the heat of fusion for LiCl at 883oK given the following:
Li(l) + 0.5 Cl2(g)  LiCl(l)
H 883
o
= - 97.175 Kcal/mole
Li(l) + 0.5 Cl2(g)  LiCl(s)
H 883
o
= - 97.175 Kcal/mole
Calculate also the internal energy changes that accompany the fusion process
in terms of the densities of solid and liquid LiCl.
Cairo University 2nd Year Metallurgy
Faculty of Engineering Time : 3 hours
Department of Metallurgy January 2007

Answer the following questions:

1- a- A thermodynamic gas – system consists of 1 mole of a gas that behaves ideally,

the gas is contained in spherical vessel with radius r 1 under pressure P1, the
system undergoes the following reversible processes:
1- Isobaric process expanding to state 2 at which r2 = 2r1.
1
2- Isochoric process to state 3 at which P3 = 2
P2 .
3- A hypothetical linear process going back to the initial state
Calculate the values of q , w and u in lit. atom. for each process and for the
5
cycle given that Cv for the gas = 2
R and T1 = 200K and V1 = 10 lit.

b- A mixture of gases at 760 mm Hg contains 65 wt/o N 2, 15 wt/o CO2 and the

remainder is O2. Calculate the partial pressure of each gas component.
===================
2- a- How many H2O molecules are there in a snowflake weighing 1 mg knowing that
Avogadro's Number = 6.023 x 1023 per mole. Calculate the number of molecules
of H2 in a system having the same number of moles of the snowflake.

b- Calculate the volume in (L) of 1 gm of chlorine gas at 350K and 2.30 atm using
the perfect gas law; the atomic weight of chlorine = 35.5.

c- Could 131g of Xe gas in a vessel of 1.00L exert a pressure of 10.0 atm at 25 oC if

it behave as a perfect gas? If not, what pressure (in atm) would it exert? The
atomic weight of Xe is 131.3 and R = 0.0821. lit.atom/K.mole
===================
3- a- A chemical reaction takes place in a container of cross-sectional area of 100cm2;
as a result of the reaction, a piston is pushed out through 10cm against an
external pressure of 1.0 atm. Calclate the work done by the system in joules.

3
b- A sample consisting of 1.00 mol of monatomic perfect gas, for which C v = 2
R,
initially at P = 1.00 atm and T = 300K, is heated reversibly to 400 K at constant
volume. Calculate the final pressure (in atm), u, q and w in joules.

c- Calculate the final temperature in (oC) when 50g of water at 80oC is poured into
100g of water at 10oC in an insulated vessel given that Cp = 75.5 J/(mol K).
4- a- Given the reactions (1) and (2) below, determine Ho and Uo for reaction (3)
given that HCl (g) and H2O (g) are at 298K; assume all gases are perfect.
1- H2(g) + Cl2 (g)  2 HCL(g) Ho = - 184.62 kJ/mol
2- 2H2(g) + O2 (g)  2 H2O(g) Ho = - 483.64 kJ/mol
3- 2 HCl(g) + 1 2 O2 (g)  Cl2 (g) + H2O(g)

b- For the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, it is known that:

H2O2 (1)  H2O (1) + 1/2 O2(g); Ho = -98.2 KJ
Using this information, determine Ho for the reaction:
2H2O (l) + O2(g)  2H2O2(1)
===================
5- a- Zinc melts at 420 C and its standard entropy at 25OC is 9.95 cal/ K. g.atom.
O

Calculate the standard entropy of 1 gm of zinc at 750oC given that :

Hof = 1.74 kcal/g.atom
CP (Zns) = 5.35 + 2.4 x 10-3 T cal/oC.g.atom
CP (Znl) = 7.5 cal/oC.g.atom.
The atomic weight of Zn = 65.4

 G H
b- Show that    2
T  T P T
P 
c- Show that G(Pf) – G(Pi) = Vm (Pf – Pi) and for gases is equal to RT ln  P  per
f

 i 
one mole.

d- Calculate the change in Gibbs free energy in calori of 35g of ethanol liquid
(mass density = 0.789 g/cm3) at 25oC when the pressure is increased isothermally
from 1 atm to 3000 atm. Assume a gaseous material with the same number of
moles and the same change in pressure, calculate its charge in G.
===================
6- a- Show that for a first-order reaction:
2.303 Co
k= t
log
Co  X
where Co = initial concentration
t = time of reaction
X = amount reacted in time t
b- The concentration of sulphur in pig iron after desulphurization with a basic slag
at 1470oC at various intervals of time is as follows:
c-
Time, sec 0 540 1200 2400 3840
Conc. Of sulphur, 8.71 5.74 3.02 1.00 0.275
2
gm/cm of interface
Show that if the desulphurization process is a first-order reaction or not.