UNIT 1: TASK 1 - COLLABORATIVE WORK 1 (DISCUSSION FORUM)

FOREST FIRE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH RESPIRATORY FERMITS IN

CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OF TOLIMA.

DANIELA FAJARDO

FRINED TULCAN

JEIMY BRIÑEZ

GRUPO: 151021_15

TUTORA: CAROLINA JAIME

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

ESCUELA DE LAS CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD

ADMINISTRACIÓN EN SALUD

GEOPOLÍTICA Y MEDIO AMBIENTE

OCTUBRE-2019
 SUMMARY OF THE DEBATE.

As indicated by Cortolima professionals, controlled burning and forest fires trigger a

series of negative effects on human health and the environment such as:
- The release of carbon (which for years the plant material has captured), with burning is
released in monoxide and carbon dioxide, the first is a toxic gas for living beings and the
second a potent greenhouse gas that being released further intensifies global warming.
- The particulate material (which is a mixture of small liquid and solid particles, of
organic and inorganic substances that are in the air and are part of the contamination of
the same). This is released during burning and fires in small particles that make up the
large amounts of smoke and can affect from the respiratory system to the bloodstream,
even causing diseases such as lung cancer and cardiovascular conditions.
- Finally there are two pollutant molecules that occur at temperatures of 200 and 4000
degrees in fires and burns of plant material and that are highly polluting and harmful to
human health and as they rise through the food chain increases their concentration in
living things.

Epidemiological studies on the exposure of the population to smoke from the burning of
plant biomass show a consistent relationship between exposure and increase in
respiratory symptoms, increased risk of respiratory diseases and decreased lung
function. Pollution caused by smoke from vegetation fires is an important public health
aspect and involves significant risks to human health and the environment.

In Colombia, acute respiratory infections continue to occupy the first places of morbidity
and mortality in the group of children under five years of age. Within acute respiratory
infections, bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia and pneumonia are responsible for almost
all preventable deaths for this age group, especially in the most vulnerable population
groups (Tafur et al. 1997)
Children under 5 are the most likely to suffer from heart or lung disease than younger
people. Children's lungs are developing and their airways are narrower than those of
adults. They spend more time outside, inhale more air per pound of body weight and
participate in more vigorous activities. This is why they are more susceptible to the
effects that smoke causes on health. The presence of comorbidities such as respiratory,
cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases is more likely to be affected by the smoke of a
forest fire. Exposure to that kind of smoke can make asthma symptoms, respiratory
allergies and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) worse.

Acute respiratory infection has an important impact on public health; Within the
framework of the Ten-Year Public Health Plan 2012-2021 in the diseases component,
one of the objectives is to reduce the burden of airborne diseases and direct contact
such as acute respiratory infection, so the processes should be strengthened of
surveillance of these respiratory diseases in the national territory that contribute to
decision-making in the implementation of prevention, surveillance and control actions.
In the rainy season, the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in children
under 5 years of age increases in the capital of Tolima. For this reason, it is important
that parents take into account measures that prevent this disease.

According to Agustín Núñez, secretary (e) of Health, this is one of the most common
diseases in children, and is caused by different microorganisms such as viruses and
bacteria.

Acute Respiratory Infections are a group of diseases caused by different

microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria that begin suddenly and last less than 2
weeks.
In children younger than 5 years, the most frequent symptoms are the increase in
respiratory rate, strange breathing noises, vomiting, fever, irritability, decay, drowsiness
and, in some cases, seizures.

"If they don't take due care, children can go from an acute respiratory infection to more
serious complications such as pneumonia, as this could require hospitalization and
even intermediate care," Gomez added.

Recommendations

• Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze.

• Use paper towels to contain respiratory secretions and throw them away after use.
• Wash your hands with soap and water after contact with respiratory secretions and
contaminated objects or materials.
• Use a mask or mask when you have contact with other people.
• Avoid staying in confined spaces with large numbers of people.
• Avoid eating sugar, because you eat

The selected topic is very important and refers to the causes and effects that generate
the disastrous environmental problem caused by forest fires
causing irreparable damage to the ecosystem and affecting this part of the child
population in their health primarily. These impacts are generators of many problems of
which the population are victims, since the climatic changes put in risk the health of the
whole population in this case the infantile population. The causes that derive from this
social problem is imminent before the environmental entities It is these who are
responsible for synthesizing projects that ensure the non-logging of forests, the non-
pollution of water, and perhaps the most important territorial plan to create awareness
among the same population.
 THREE-PAGE ANALYSIS

Geopolitics and environment

1. ¿What negative impacts does the war in Colombia generate on the environment?
In our country war is the daily bread and unfortunately due to the confrontation between
the government and the guerrillas, a number of environmental effects have been
unleashed, among them we find the rupture of pipelines that greatly pollute the water
sources and vegetation, the explosion of drug laboratories in the jungle that leads to air
pollution and the burning of surrounding vegetation, timber exploitation, pollution of
rivers by the exploitation of mines, among other types of affectation the negative impact
on the environment is to become a victim who is not given much attention, however,
water sources have been contaminated, crops have been burned, forests have been
felled, the soil has been poisoned and livestock have been killed with a view to
obtaining a military advantage against the enemy on a recurring basis.
In times of war, the environment tends to suffer rapid degradation as the population tries
to survive as well as it can and environmental management systems are often affected,
with consequent damage to ecosystems.

Environmental Determinants in Health

2. Name 5 (five) diseases that may appear in the inhabitants of a community that does
not have an aqueduct and a solid waste management program
 Dengue
 acute diarrheal disease
 Typhoid and paratyphoid fever and other Salmonella infections
 Parasites (Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia)
 . Hepatitis A

Sustainable development
3. Define and explain three strategies for the implementation of sustainable
development in Colombia, according to CONPES 3918 of 2018
• A monitoring and reporting scheme
The second guideline is the statistical strengthening plan that, considering the results of
the review carried out by the Dane to the collection of indicators required to account for
progress in the SDGs, contemplates articulating the National Statistical System (SEN)
to the reporting needs of the objectives, to link the Colombian statistical exercise to the
United Nations System for closing gaps of the indicators and, to generate and create
capacities in resources and technological infrastructure through work with Global
Partnership for Sustainable Development Data.

• A territorial strategy
The third guideline is the establishment of the strategy at the territorial level, which
refers to the realization of pedagogy on the SDGs, the monitoring of the progress of the
SDGs at the territorial level, the exhibition of good local practices in the implementation
of the SDGs, Identify and associate resources in the regional planning and budget
instruments that can be used to fulfill the SDGs in the territories and accompany the
territorial entities, considering their needs, in the implementation of the SDGs.

• Alliances with non-governmental actors

it is an open and inclusive strategy with an approach that involves both the government
and representatives, institutions, local authorities, different ethnicities, scientific,
academic community and citizens.
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