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Power Electronics
ORCAD Simulation
AC/DC Converters
Dr. Sajid Iqbal
2017
Power Electronics Lab Department of Mechatronics & Control Engineering, UET Lahore
Table of Contents
General Notes
2. Ground
There are many types of grounds (common points in the circuit, noise reduction, etc.) PSpice uses
node-voltage method for circuit simulation and, therefore, needs a reference node with “zero
voltage”. This is the 0/SOURCE ground. You need to have it in your circuits! (It looks like a ground
symbol with a zero) If you don't, PSpice may complain of "floating nodes" even if you have a
ground.
To place the ground on the circuit Go to Place => Ground and choose 0/source (If you don't see the
"source" in the Libraries section, you will need to add the source library. See Part Notes below).
5. Labeling Nodes:
I recommend you use aliases to label your input and output nodes. This makes your node easier to
find. V(Vout) is simpler than finding V(R1:1)
a. Go to Place => Net Alias
b. Enter a name, i.e., Vout or Vin
c. Place the label close to a node
d. Example below shows a simple circuit with aliases:
Simulation Notes
1) DC Bias:
The response of the circuit to DC sources is always calculated. To display DC bias voltages and
currents on your circuit after you run the simulation, go to PSpice => Bias Points, and check Enable,
Enable Bias Current Display, and/or Enable Bias Voltage Display
2) Parametric Sweep
This simulation is used to find the response of the circuit (e.g., current in one element) if the value of
an element (R1 in the example below) is changed. To do so:
a. Change the value of the part to {RL} (use curly braces, name is arbitrary)
b. Go to Place => Part
c. Add a PARAM/SPECIAL part to your schematic
d. Double click on the PARAM part
e. Click “New Column”
f. Set the name to RL (same name as in “a” but with no curly braces)
g. Set the value to something, e.g., 1k (this is the value that is used in calculating DC bias
values, choose somewhere in the range of your sweep).
h. Click "Display"
i. Select "Name and Value" and press OK
j. Your schematic should look like as in figure below
Bode Plots
1. Use a logarithmic x-axis for the frequency.
2. The magnitude should be measured in decibels. Use the PSpice DB() function to convert to
decibels. For example, DB(V(Vout)/V(Vin)), assuming you have labeled your output and
input nodes with "Vout" and "Vin" aliases. Note that DB(Vout) is NOT the transfer function
in dB.
3. Remember you also need a phase graph (unless instructed otherwise). Use the PSpice P()
function to get the phase angle. For example, P(V(Vout)/V(Vin))
4. Be sure to mark the cutoff points on your bode plots (on both magnitude AND phase graphs).
Remember cutoff is 3dB below the highest point (NOT always at -3dB)
a. Click the "Toggle Cursor" button. (Or go through the menu, Trace => Cursor =>
Display) You will now be able to move the cursor along your plot.
b. Click the "Cursor Max" button to find the highest point. (Or go through the
menu, Trace => Cursor => Max)
c. Click the "Mark Label" button to label that point. (Or go through the menu, Plot
=> Label => Mark)
d. Click the "Cursor Search" button (Or go through the menu, Trace => Cursor
=>Search Commands)
e. Select 1 for Cursor To Move to search along the y-axis
f. Enter "search forward level (max-3)" (don't enter the quotation marks) to move the
cursor to the right to the point which is 3 below the max.
g. Or enter "search back level (max-3)" (don't enter the quotation marks) to move the
cursor to the left
Experiment
Single Phase Full Converter
Instructions:
All Practice and Exercise Questions must be completed in this lab session for full credit.
You must show the outputs to the instructor before proceeding to the next question.
Read this lab manual completely at least once before coming to lab.
Recommended Reading:
“Power Electronics Circuits Devices and Applications” by Muhammad H. Rashid 3rd
edition.
Objectives:
The purpose of this experiment is to simulate Single Phase Full Converter.
Tools required:
Software simulator ORCAD
Calculator
LAB ACTIVITY:
1. Run the simulation software Orcad on your computer.
2. Go to file and select new project.
3. Name the project with your roll no. like 20XXEXXX and also specify the directory to save
project. Choose Analog or Mixed A/D. Click ok.
4. In the next window Check create a blank project and click ok.
7. Go to place, select part and place PARAM in the schematic to specify parameters.
8. Double click on PARAMETER after placing it and add variables to it one by one by clicking
on add new column button at the top of spread sheet. Specify the name and value of each
parameter. Use bracket {} as shown in schematic to specify values.
9. After placing the components and specifying parameters make the simulation profile. Go to
PSICE and select New Simulation Profile. A new window will appear.
10. Set the values as shown in figure below and click ok.
PARAMETERS:
TD1 = {((0/360)*T)+((angle/360)*T)}
TD2 = {((0/360)*T)+((angle/360)*T)}
TD3 = {((180/360)*T)+((angle/360)*T)}
TD4 = {((180/360)*T)+((angle/360)*T)}
PARAM ET ERS:
f = 50
T = {1/f }
Vac = 220
angle = 30
PW = 350u
Rload = 100
Lload = 100m
Exercise No.2
Repeat Exercise No.1 with resistive load R=10Ω
1) Set the firing angle equal to 60 degree
Plot the Output Voltage
Exercise No.3
Repeat Exercise No.1 with inductive load L=20mH.
1) Set the firing angle equal to 60 degree
Plot the output voltage
Exercise No.4
Observe and plot the FFT of the input and output voltage and current waveforms from
fundamental frequency to 1000 Hz. Use R=100Ω and L=20mH.
Plot load voltage spectrum
Experiment
Three Phase Semi Converter
Instructions:
All Practice and Exercise Questions must be completed in this lab session for full credit.
You must show the outputs to the instructor before proceeding to the next question.
Read this lab manual completely at least once before coming to lab.
Recommended Reading:
“Power Electronics Circuits Devices and Applications” by Muhammad H. Rashid 3rd
edition.
Objectives:
The purpose of this experiment is to simulate Single Phase Full Converter.
Tools required:
Software simulator ORCAD
Calculator
LAB ACTIVITY:
1. Run the simulation software Orcad on your computer.
2. Go to file and select new project.
3. Name the project with your roll no. like 20XXEXXX and also specify the directory to save
project. Choose Analog or Mixed A/D. Click ok.
4. In the next window Check create a blank project and click ok.
7. Go to place, select part and place PARAM in the schematic to specify parameters.
8. Double click on PARAMETER after placing it and add variables to it one by one by clicking
on add new column button at the top of spread sheet. Specify the name and value of each
parameter. Use bracket {} as shown in schematic to specify values.
9. After placing the components and specifying parameters make the simulation profile. Go to
PSICE and select New Simulation Profile. A new window will appear.
10. Set the values as shown in figure below and click ok.
11. Run the simulation by pressing the play button.
12. A new window will appear, go to ADD TRACE and plot the required waveforms.
PARAMETERS: PARAMETERS:
TD1 = {((30/360)*T)+((angle/360)*T)} f = 50
T = {1/f }
TD2 = {((150/360)*T)+((angle/360)*T)} Vac = 250
TD3 = {((270/360)*T)+((angle/360)*T)} angle = 30
PW = 350u
Rload = 100
Lload = 6.2m
Exercise No.1
Set the value of angle 60,90 and plot output current and voltage waveforms. Also plot input
supply current and FFT of output Voltage.
1) Firing Angle = 60 degree
Output Voltage
Output Current
Input Current
Output Voltage
Output Current
Input Current
Exercise No.2
Repeat Exercise No.1 with resistive load R=10Ω
1) Firing Angle = 60 degree
Output Voltage
Output Current
Input Current
Output Voltage
Output Current
Input Current
Exercise No.3
Repeat Exercise No.1 with inductive load L=20mH.
1) Firing Angle = 60 degree
Output Voltage
Output Current
Input Current
Output Voltage
Output Current
Input Current
Experiment
Three Phase Full Converter
Instructions:
All Practice and Exercise Questions must be completed in this lab session for full credit.
You must show the outputs to the instructor before proceeding to the next question.
Read this lab manual completely at least once before coming to lab.
Recommended Reading:
“Power Electronics Circuits Devices and Applications” by Muhammad H. Rashid 3rd
edition.
Objectives:
The purpose of this experiment is to simulate Single Phase Full Converter.
Tools required:
Software simulator ORCAD
Calculator
LAB ACTIVITY:
1. Run the simulation software Orcad on your computer.
2. Go to file and select new project.
3. Name the project with your roll no. like 20XXEXXX and also specify the directory to
save project. Choose Analog or Mixed A/D. Click ok.
4. In the next window Check create a blank project and click ok.
7. Go to place, select part and place PARAM in the schematic to specify parameters.
8. Double click on PARAMETER after placing it and add variables to it one by one by
clicking on add new column button at the top of spread sheet. Specify the name and
value of each parameter. Use bracket {} as shown in schematic to specify values.
9. After placing the components and specifying parameters make the simulation profile. Go to
PSICE and select New Simulation Profile. A new window will appear.
10. Set the values as shown in figure below and click OK.
PARAMETERS: PARAMETERS:
TD1 = {((30/360)*T)+((angle/360)*T)} f = 50
T = {1/f }
TD2 = {((90/360)*T)+((angle/360)*T)} Vac = 250
TD3 = {((150/360)*T)+((angle/360)*T)} angle = 30
TD4 = {((210/360)*T)+((angle/360)*T)} PW = 350u
Rload = 100
TD5 = {((270/360)*T)+((angle/360)*T)} Lload = 6.2m
TD6 = {((330/360)*T)+((angle/360)*T)}
Output Voltage
Output Current
Input Current
Output Voltage
Output Current
Input Current
Exercise No.2
Repeat Exercise No.1 with resistive load R=10Ω
1) Firing Angle = 60 degree
Output Voltage
Output Current
Input Current
Output Voltage
Output Current
Input Current
Exercise No.3
Repeat Exercise No.1 with inductive load L=20mH.
1) Firing Angle = 60 degree
Output Voltage
Output Current
Input Current
Output Voltage
Output Current
Input Current
Exercise No.4
Observe and plot the FFT of the input and output voltage and current waveforms from
fundamental frequency to 1000 Hz. Use R=100Ω and L=20mH.
Experiment
DC-AC Inverter: Single-phase Square Wave Inverter
Part 1: To get acquainted with the simulation environment for Single-phase Square
wave inverter
Graphically model and simulate the single-phase square wave inverter (dc-ac converter) using
ORCAD 10.5 and PSpice. Study the dc source (input) current and ac load (output) voltage and
current waveforms. Compare the same with the results obtained from the analytical expressions.
Objective:
Part 1:
Graphically model the square wave inverter shown in Fig. 1 using the graphical front end of
ORCAD. The nominal values for the inverter are as follows:
Vs = 120 V L= 20 mH R = 5 ohms F= 50 Hz
Figure 1
Part 2:
Part 3:
Part 4:
Tools required:
Procedure
Experiment
DC-AC Inverter: Three-phase Square Wave Inverter
Part 1: To get acquainted with the simulation environment for three-phase Square
wave inverter
Graphically model and simulate the three-phase square wave inverter (dc-ac converter) using
ORCAD 10.5 and PSpice. Study the dc source (input) current and ac load (output) voltage and
current waveforms. Compare the same with the results obtained from the analytical expressions.
Objective:
Part 1:
Graphically model the square wave inverter shown in Figure using the graphical front end of
ORCAD. The nominal values for the inverter are as follows:
Vs = 400 V L= 10 mH R = 2 ohms F= 50 Hz
Part 2:
1. Observe and plot the phase voltage and current waveforms from time 20ms to
100ms (Output voltage across R & L), (Current through L).
2. Observe and plot the line to line voltage waveforms from time 20ms to 100ms
3. Observe and plot supply current and voltage for the same duration.
4. Observe and plot the FFT of the input and output voltage and current
waveforms from fundamental frequency to 1000 Hz.
Part 3:
Part 4:
Tools required:
Procedure
• Phase A voltage