Enclosures & Hydrogen &

Water Cooling
Enclosures
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1rtawdNcVbpkwvnrZitZ5QFU9KKxNwArl

P-53(76)
Enclosures
Are the entities inside which an electrical machine is housed.

The purpose is to prevent internal parts from mechanical damage, moisture,

chemical attack and any other deteriorating condition of the environment.
Classification
Mainly on the basis of:

Rate of Hazardousness to the personnel working on it (level of access to

hazardous parts)

Rate of ingress of solid particles.

Rate of ingress of water particles.

Type of environment in which used.

Types
Open Type:

Supported on simple pedestals (base support )and open brackets.

No protection against foreign particles, such m/c’s installed in neat and clean
rooms to which access is guarded.

Eg. large dc generators and dc motors

Protected Type:

No access to live parts and protected from foreign solid particles or liquid
access.

Screen Protected type:

Screen provided to cover the ventilation openings provided in the

transformers.

No protection from dust and chemicals but from larger bodies and big objects
Drip Proof Type:

Overhead Cowl(Hood) to prevent form oil and water falling from vertical direction.
Splash Proof:

Do not allow water ingress to the ventilating openings upto 100 degrees from
the vertical.

Can be used in the rains .

Totally enclosed type:

No opening for ventilation. Cooled by surface radiation only.

Used where there is moisture, chemicals, dust present.

Eg. coal handling plants, saw mills.

Totally enclosed fan cooled motors:

Outer casing is built across the motor and fan is mounted on the shaft to
provide cooling.

Used in sawmills, cement mills, flour mills.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8raG1ZxunA8
Pipe ventilated:

Pipes are installed to insert fresh and

clean air from outside to the m/c for
cooling purpose.
Flame Proof type:

To contain the blast or fire inside a motor, such that it does not reach the external
environment.

Ventilating openings longs enough to contain the flames within frame.

Used in petroleum stations, chemical plants.

Types:
Notes
http://www.engineeringenotes.com/electrical-engineering/machines-electrical-engineering/enclosures-used-to-protect-machines-9-type
s-electrical-engineering/37467

Web Page
https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/7-most-common-motor-enclosure-types-defined-by-nema-standards
Indian Standardisation

IS/ IEC 60529: 2001 '

The standards for protection using enclosured as adopted from/ identical to / as

adopted from IEC International Electrotechnical Standards IEC 60529: 2001
adopted by BIS (Beauro of Indian Standards).

IP code followed by numerals specifying different conditions.

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1AeLoGomR9T-fhKN4npI806d1S69-kVXc

International Standardisation:

https://drive.google.com/open?id=12m9iU0hm7bcEml38JKgy1P2Bipz3WnHt
Hydrogen Cooling
https://circuitglobe.com/hydrogen-cooling-of-synchronous-generator.html

In Large turbo alternators

Certain Air-Hydrogen mixtures are explosive.
Range of explosion possibility - 6% hydrogen & 94% air
Or
71% hydrogen & 29% air

In practice Hydrogen Air ratio is 9:1

To prevent explosion:

H2 sealed at pressure higher than atm. Pressure to prevent inward seepage of air.

Required sealed chambers. H2 is circulated through pumps and motors, it takes in

heat and supplies it to the heat exchanger and again transferred back.
Advantages:

Cooling: 1.5 times heat transfer capacity than air

1/14 times density than air, so less windage loss, and noise loss, more efficiency.

Corona: no coraona so improved life.

Increased overall full load efficiency of gen by 1% and increase generation

capacity by 25 %
Limitations:

Frame is costly.

Means to admit h2 without creating explosion.

Requirement to maintain High pressure of h2.

Need of heat exchanger.

During Shutdown Purging is required to remove H2 (pushing out ) with help of

inert gas like CO2 which is again pushed out using air.
Water Cooling
For cooling stator winding.

Advantages:

Water has superseded H2, as viscosity of water is low and can easily circulate
with help of low pressure head.

Mass req. Is large but the pumping power required is less.