El

Elevated
t dSSection
ti iin a Pi
Pipe

Lecture 24
 EGL & HGL of a Pumping Station
„ Pump operation adds energy to water in the
pipeline by boosting the pressure head.
„ The pipeline can be separated into the
suction pipe and the discharge pipe.
„ The suction side of the system from the
supply reservoir to the inlet of the pump is
subjected
bj d to negative
i pressure in i energy
equation.
EGL & HGL of a P
Pumping
mping Station

Adapted from Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering

Systems (Hwang and Hita, 1987)
 EGL & HGL of a Pumping Station
„ An energy equation can be written between the
supply reservoir, S, and the receiving reservoir, R, as

HS+HP = HR + hf+ hL HP (or hP or h) = H + hf+ hL

„ Where HS and HR are the total energy

gy in unit weight
g of
water in the supply and receiving reservoirs,
respectively. HP is the energy added by the pump.
„ Total Dynamic
y Head ((TDH)) = Elevation + Friction loss
γQhp
Horsepower = P = ( BG unit )
550
γQhp
Kilowatts = P = ( SI unit )
1000
Pumping between two reservoirs
H 2 = H1 + H p − ∑ H L
Power of the p p = γ hp Q
pump
T . E .L

H .G .L v 2

2g

Res. B
v 2
v
Res A
Res. 2g
D
L H2
H1 pump F
( Hp )
Datum
Numerical Example
Numerical Example

„ The tanks, pump, and pipelines of Figure S8.13 have

the characteristics noted.
„ The suction line entrance from the pressure tank is
flush, and the discharge into the open tank is
submerged.
g
„ If the pump P puts 2.0 hp into the liquid, please
(a) determine the flow rate
(b) find the pressure in the pipe on the suction side of
the pump.
 Numerical Example (cont.)

Solution (a)

For
o flush
us entrance:
e t a ce: ke = 0.5
Writing energy equation from 1 (datum) to 3:
2 2 2 2
5(144) V 50 V6 200 V8 V8
+ 0 + 0 + h p − 0.5 6 − 0.025( ) = 0 − 10 + 0 + 0.03( ) +
52 2g 6 / 12 2 g 8 / 12 2 g 2 g

γQhp 52Qhp 21.2

P= = 2.0 = hp =
550 550 Q
N
Numerical
i lE l (cont.)
Example
Q Q Q Q
V6 = = and V8 = =
A6 0.1936 A8 0.349

The energy equation reduces to:

21.2
23.8 + − 2.48Q 2 = 0
Q

We can rewrite as the cubic expression:

2.48Q3-23.8Q-21.2 = 0 Q=3.47 cfs
 Numerical Example (cont.)
(cont )

Solution (b)
To obtain the pressure p2 at the suction side of the pump,
V6=33.47/0.1936
47/0 1936 = 17.68
17 68 fps

Write energy
gy equation
q from 1 to 2:

5(144) 17.682 50 17.682 P2 17.682

+ 0 + 0 − 0.5 − 0.025( ) = + 15 +
52 2(32.2) 6 / 12 2(32.2) 52 2(32.2)
P2 52
= −20.6 ft p2 = −20.6( ) = −7.43 psi
52 144

This is equivalent to -7.43(29.9/14.7)= -15.13 in-Hg vacuum

 Head loss due to friction in a pipe line
releasing a uniform lateral outflow
(Perforated Pipe)

q = (Q1 − Q2 ) / L

Qx = Q1 − q x (1) H.G (h f) x
.L
(dh ) Fx Q x2 Lateral outflow
=
f x
q (m3/s/m)
dx D 2gA 2 Q
1 Q
2
assume 3
(m /s)
x
F1 + F2 L
Fx = = F′
2
 Head loss due to friction in a pipe line
releasing a uniform lateral outflow
and consider it as a constant along the pipe
8F ′
d (h f )x ( ) ( )
2 2
= Q − q x dx = K Q − q x dx
gπ D
2 5 1 1

(h ) ∫ ( )
x

f x =K Q 1
2
− 2Q1 q x + q 2 x 2 dx
0

(h ) ∫ ( )
L

f L =K Q 1
2
− 2Q1 q x + q 2 x 2 dx = total losses
0

⎛ 2 q L ⎞
2 2
(h )f L = K L ⎜⎜ Q1 − Q1 q L + ⎟⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠
 Head loss due to friction in a pipe line
releasing a uniform lateral outflow
if Q2 = 0 q = Q1 / L

⎛ 2 2
⎞ 2
(h f )L = K L ⎜⎜ Q1 − Q12 + 1 ⎟⎟ = K L 1
Q Q
⎝ 3 ⎠ 3
Q1 Q1
if Q2 = q=
2 2L
⎛ 2 Q12 Q 2 ⎞ Q2
(h )
f L = K L ⎜⎜ Q1 − + ⎟⎟ = 7 K L
⎝ 2 12 ⎠ 12
 Numerical Example
„ In the Figure,
Figure when the pump is delivering 1.2
12
cfs of water, a pressure gage at D reads 25
psi while a vacuum gage at C reads 10 in
psi, in-Hg
Hg.
„ The pressure gage at D is 2 ft higher than the
vacuum gage at C.
„ The pipe diameters are 4 in for the suction
pipe
p p and 3 in for the discharge
g pipe.
pp
„ Find the power delivered to the water.
 Numerical Example (cont.)
Solution
S l ti :
„ Bernoulli Eq: hP = hD – hC =
[VD2/(2g) + (P/γ)D] - [Vc2/(2g) + (P/γ)C]
„ Vc = Q/A = 1.2/0.0873 = 13.75 fps
„ Vc2/(2g)
( g) = 2.94 ft
„ sHg =13.56
-10 in-Hgg vac = -(10/12)13.56
( )
= -11.3 ft water
„ (P/γ)C= -11.3 + d (zC=zD = z)
Numerical Example (cont.)
Solution:
S l ti
„ (25 psi)144/62.4 = 57.7 ft water

„ (P/γ)D= 57.7
57 7 + d +2
„ VD = Q/A = 1.2/0.491 = 24.4 fps;
2 ( g) = 9.28 ft
„ VD /(2g)

„ hP = hD – hC = (57.7 + d + 2 + z +9.28) –

(-11.3 + d + z + 2.94) = 77.3 ft

„ Power delivered = (62.4×1.2×77.3)/550 = 10.53 hp
γQh
Horsepower = P = ( BG unit )
550
γQh
Kilowatts = P = ( SI unit )
1000
Pipeline
p with Turbine Associated
with a Reservoir

ht= Δz - ΣhL P= γQ(Δz – ΣhL)

P