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Section 2 – Layout
GE
PA
Here is an example of another isometric pipe
diagram with 90º fittings.
LE
MP
SA
Now look at this drawing which removes the
walls from the sketch.
FLOW
2.23
© 2002 Job Training Systems, Inc.
Section 2 – Layout
horizontal lines are drawn at an angle of Study the sketches in Figure 2.7 until you
30º to an imaginary horizontal line. You will understand the relationship between the
also remember that an isometric drawing is isometric drawing and the orthographic
three dimensional and is more picture-like sketches.
than an orthographic drawing.
(4)
N
S (2) PLAN
c SKETCH B
(4)
(3)
(1) (2) b
(1)
a PA (3)
(4)
LE (1)
(3)
MP FRONT ELEVATION
a
(2)
b
SA FIGURE 2.7
SIDE ELEVATION
2.24
© 2002 Job Training Systems, Inc.
Section 3 – Measurement
A
GE
RUN refers to the distance between the
centerlines of the fittings.
B
PA
LE
MP
SA
The centerlines of pipes A and B are parallel.
The angles of the offset are both 45º.
RUN
Run, Set, and Travel
All offsets are calculated on the basis of the
RIGHT triangle. The three sides of the triangle TRAVEL refers to the center-to--center length
have designated pipe fitting names, The of the diagonal pipe of the offset.
hypotenuse is called the TRAVEL. The other
two sides are called the SET and RUN.
TRAVEL
TR
AV
SET EL
RUN
3.57
© 2002 Job Training Systems, Inc.
Section 3 – Measurement
Offsets are referred to by the angle of the Calculation of Simple Offset Dimensions
fittings used to connect the pipes. An offset This manual provides you with two ways to
can range from an 11 1/2º offset to a 90º calculate the important dimensions of an
offset. offset. Obviously the easiest method is the
one which permits you to look up all the
In an isometric drawing of an offset, the offset information you need. This is possible by
is usually represented within an imaginary box using Smoley’s Table of “Multipliers for Calcu-
which shows the set and the run distances. lating Simple Offsets.” If this table is not
available to you, you can always “resort” to
trigonometry tables to find the dimensions you
need to check your calculations. You will be
shown the trigonometry method first and then
E
the Smoley’s Table Methods.
G
PA
Trigonometry Method
Calculating the distances of an offset involves
SA
SET
RU know that:
N
SIDE OPPOSITE
SINEof an angle =
HYPOTENUSE
SIDE ADJACENT
COSINE of an angle =
HYPOTENUSE
On a drawing of an offset, usually only one
side of the offset triangle is dimensioned and
SIDE OPPOSITE
the two fitting angles are identified. The pipe TANGENT of an angle =
SIDE ADJACENT
fitter must be able to calculate the other sides
of the offset triangle in order to fabricate the
offset in the field. Since all offsets are based
on the concept of the right triangle and since
at least one angle and one side has a known When you calculate an offset, you generally
dimension, it is possible to calculate the other know the fitting angle. Therefore, knowing
dimensions using either the principles of the dimensions of one side, you can find the
trigonometry (see Pages 3.49-3.51) or other sides.
Smoley’s Table of “Multipliers for Calculating
Simple Offsets.
3.58
© 2002 Job Training Systems, Inc.