CE 441L HYDRAULICS

PLATE NO. 1: CONSERVATION OF MASS ( CONTINUITY EQUATION)

1. Water flows through a 3-inch- diameter pipe at a velocity of 10 ft/sec. Find the (a) volume flow
rate in cfs and gpm, (b) weight flow rate and (c) mass flow rate.
2. A gas flows through a square conduit. At one point along the conduit, the conduit sides are 0.10m,
the velocity is 7.55 m/sec, and the gas’s mass density is 1.09 kg/m 3. At a second point, the conduit
sides are 0.25 m, and the velocity is 2.02 m/s. Find the mass flow rate of the gas and its mass
density at the second point.
3. The mean velocity of water in a 4-in diameter pipe is 8 ft/s. Determine the flow in
a. Slugs per second
b. Gallons per minute
c. Cubic feet per second
4. The diameter of a 6-ft length of pipe decreases uniformly from 18 in. to 16 in. With a flow of 5cfs
of oil, compute the mean velocity at cross sections 1 ft apart along the pipe.
5. The diameter of a 6-ft length of pipe increases from 6 in. to 24 in. The diameter is to vary so that
the mean velocity of liquid flowing through the pipe will decrease uniformly with distance from
the 6-inch end. Compute the diameter at each foot along the pipe.
6. The river discharges into the reservoir at a rate of 400,000 ft 3/s (cfs), and the outflow rate from
the reservoir through the flow passages in the dam is 250,000 cfs. If the reservoir surface area is
40 mi2, what is the rate of rise of water in the reservoir?
7. Water flows in a 4-cm diameter pipe at 20 m/s. The pipe divides into two pipes, one 2-cm in
diameter and the other is 3-cm in diameter. If 10 kg/s flows from the 2-cm diameter pipe,
calculate the flow rate from the 3-cm diameter pipe.
8. A city requires a flow of 25 mgd for its water supply. Compute the diameter of pipe required if
the velocity of flow is to be (a) 2 ft/sec, and (b) 6 ft/sec.
9. Benzene flows through a 100-mm diameter pipe at a mean velocity of 3 m/s. Find the (a) volume
flow rate in m3/s and Li/min, (b) weight flow rate and (c) mass flow rate.
10. A pipeline consists of successive lengths of 15-in, 12-in and 10-in pipe. With a continuous flow
through the line of 9 cfs of water, compute the mean velocity in each size of pipe.
PLATE NO. 2 : CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

1. Oil with specific gravity of 0.75 is flowing through a 6-in pipe under a pressure of 15 psi. If the
total energy relative to a datum plane is 8 ft below the center of the pipe is 58.6 ft-lb/lb, determine
the flow rate if the oil.
2. The diameter of a pipe carrying water changes gradually from 6 in. at A to 18 in. at B. A is 15 ft
lower than B. What will be the difference in pressure, in pounds per square inch, between A and
B. When 6.2 cfs is flowing, what is the loss of energy being neglected.
3. A pipe carrying oil with specific gravity 0.877 changes in size from 6 in. at section A to 18 in. at
section B. Section A is 12 ft lower than B, and the pressures are 13.2 psi and 8.75 psi,
respectively. If the discharge is 5.17 cfs, determine the lost head and the direction of flow.
4. A turbine is rated at 600 hp when the flow of water through it is 21.5 cfs. Assuming an efficiency
of 87 percent, what head is acting on the turbine?
5. A standpipe 20 ft in diameter and 40 ft high is filled with water. Calculate the potential energy of
the water if the elevation datum is taken 10 ft below the base of the standpipe?
6. An 85 percent-efficient pump is used to increase the pressure of water in a 10-cm diameter pipe
from 120 to 800 kPa. What is the required horsepower of the pump for a flow rate of (a) 0.015
m3/s, (b) 20 L/s and (c) 4000 gal/hr?
7. A 90 percent efficient turbine accepts water at 400 kPa in a 16-cm diameter pipe. What is the
maximum power output if the flow rate is (a) 0.08 m3/s, (b) 0.06 m3/s and (c) 0.04 m3/s?
8. Water is contained in a large tower that supplies a city. If the top of the water is 30 m above an
outlet at the base of the tower, what maximum velocity can be expected at the outlet to the
atmosphere?
9. A high-speed jet is used to cut solid materials. Estimate the maximum pressure developed on the
material if the velocity issuing from the water jet is (a) 100 m/s and (b) 120 m/s.