Q1 (a) Complete the blank cells in the following table of properties for steam.

In the last
column describe the condition of steam as compressed liquid, saturated mixture,
superheated vapor, or insufficient information. Copy the Table 1.1 and write your
answer in the answer sheet.

Table 1.1 Pure substances

T, C P, kPa h, kJ/kg x Phase description

200 0.7
140 1800
950 0
80 500
800 3162.2

(8 marks)

(b) Draw P-v and T-v property diagrams for all the steam conditions given in the
Table 1.1 in part (a).
(5 marks)

(c) Consider a device shown in Figure 1.1. Ten kilograms of R-134a fill the 1.595
m3 weighted piston cylinder device at a temperature of -26.4C. The container is
now heated until the temperature is 100C.
i) Determine the final volume of the R-134a.
(9 marks)
ii) Show the process in a P-v diagram.
(3 marks)

R-134a
o
-26.4 C
10 kg
3
1.595 m

Figure 1.1 A piston-cylinder device

Q2 (a) What are the four processes that make up the Carnot cycle?
(4 marks)

(b) Figure 2.1 shows that a food department is kept at -12oC by a refrigerator in an
environment at 30oC. The total heat gain to the food department is estimated to
be 3300 kJ/h and the heat rejection in the condenser is 4800 kJ/h. Determine

i. The power input to the compressor, in kW.

(4 marks)
ii. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the refrigerator.
(4 marks)

Figure 2.1 A food department

(c) A heat engine is operating on a Carnot cycle as shown in Figure 2.2 and has a
thermal efficiency of 75 percent. The waste heat from this engine is rejected to
a nearby lake at 15oC at a rate of 800 kJ/min. Determine

i. The power output of the engine.

(8 marks)
ii. The temperature of the source.
(5 marks)

Source,TH

Carnot 𝑊ሶ 𝑛𝑒𝑡,𝑜𝑢𝑡
HE

800 kJ/min

o
Sink, 15 C

Figure 2.2 A Carnot cycle of heat engine

Q3 Air is compressed by an adiabatic compressor from 100 kPa and 20C to
1.8 MPa and 400C. Air enters the compressor through a 0.15 m2 opening with
a velocity of 30 m/s. It exits through a 0.08 m2 opening.

(a) Sketch the situation as described in the question. Show the input and
output conditions of the compressor.
(5 marks)
(b) Calculate the mass flow rate of air.
(10 marks)
(c) Determine the required power input.
(10 marks)
PART B: ANSWER ONE (1) QUESTION ONLY.

Q4 (a) A mass of 5 kg of saturated water vapor at 300 kPa is heated at constant pressure
until the temperature reaches 200oC. Calculate the work done by the steam during
this process.
(5 marks)

(b) A rigid tank contains 10 kg of air at 350 kPa and 27oC. The air is now heated
until its pressure doubles. Determine.

i. The volume of the tank.

(2 marks)
ii. The amount of heat transfer.
(8 marks)

(c) A spring-loaded piston-cylinder device shown in Figure 4.1 contains 1 kg of

carbon dioxide. This system is heated from 100 kPa and 25oC to 1000 kPa and
300oC. Determine the total heat transfer to and work produced by this system.

Spring

Figure 4.1 Spring-loaded piston-cylinder

(10 marks)
Q5 A 0.3 m3 rigid tank is filled with saturated liquid water at 150C. A valve at the
bottom of the tank is now opened, and one-half of the total mass is withdrawn
from the tank in the liquid form. Heat is transferred to water from a source at
200C so that the temperature in the tank remains constant.

(a) Sketch a diagram that illustrates the situation described in the question.
(3 marks)
(b) Determine the amount of heat transfer and
(16 marks)
(c) Identify the total entropy generation for this process.
(6 marks)