A Descriptive Study of the Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

Introduction

In the modern world, technology is everywhere; it makes the world change

because in just one click you can communicate with people on the other side of

the world, shop online, sends mail to your friends, have some entertainment,

watch movies, listen to new music, receive news, and other things. Technology

makes our work so easier nowadays. According to Hutchby (2009), too much use

of the different platforms of search engines can have an effect to the teenagers

because in search engine teenagers can easily access to the information that

they needed, therefore, there is a chance that they will only rely on search

engines.

Teens nowadays have their own gadgets in their hand. Teenagers easily

get bored, without their gadgets and they think that their life is boring. According

to Greenburg, M. L. (2009), 92% of the teens are going online throughout a day

because of the availability of the new smartphones that are arriving. As we see in

the data we can say that having a gadget is the culture of teenagers nowadays.

The internet has a huge impact on the teenager nowadays, it so popular

and anyone uses it. Teenagers know that the internet has positive and negative

effects but because of its uses, we somehow forget how to control ourselves.

According to Punzarine, S. (2009), believes that with the use of the internet it

improves the education and research because using the internet people can get

the needed information quickly. On the other side, most of the respondents

believe that the internet is affecting the generation nowadays. The internet is Sso

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 A Descriptive Study of the Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

wide that you will be to see what you are trying to look for because it has so

many resources, but, there is some information that is not valid on the internet.

At the time Information Age came to the human civilization the world

became more powerful. In 1970, the Department of Defense developed the

internet. By the end of 1980, personal computers had spread widely. During

1990, the World Wide Web was developing for Colleges and Universities so they

could get information without leaving their dormitories. Educational purposes are

improved now that the knowledge is given and received by the use of fingertips.

The current information age became more powerful with the help of influential

brokers from Bill Gates' Microsoft to Steve Job's Apple to Mark Zuckerberg's

Facebook. Unlike the past years when people used Facebook to communicate

and Google to collect information, social media also became powerful after more

sites and apps developed. According to Ganesan (2018), the internet is so

powerful because human put all on the internet most of the information,

entertainment and etc. with the use of internet it makes the people lives easier.

The current generation uses social media as an effective tool for education. But

as people became smarter it causes the creation of more entertainment that can

be seen and uploaded to many social networking sites. These provoke students

in wasting hours. According to Stoney Brooks (N.D), "Personal social media

usage leads to negative effects both on efficiency and well-being". There are a lot

of cases that students are distracted by reading messages of friends, checking

their status and more, instead of completing students' task in an early hour.

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Technology is vast and a never ending stage of innovation, with the

influence of technology our world evolved into something much more advanced.

With the help of technology, our lives got easier. According to (NDaku,2013), the

extensive use of technology and social media shows that most students showed

that they tend to spend more time using a gadget rather than studying resulting

to poor grammar and wrong spellings when socializing. Students, teenagers, and

millennial’s spend more time using mobile phones and laptops just to kill time or

relieve from boredom. Social interaction nowadays is now easier to access and

to operate, teenagers now have different accounts on many social media sites

that make their communication and information gathering much easier, with just

one click away the user can easily browse the topics displayed. “The negative

side of technology has not been considered by many researchers throughout

most of the history of technology, however, it is becoming more relevant as the

ubiquity of computers is realized” (D’Arcy & Gupta, 2014).

The technology was really a big help for people as it aids and helps people

into tasks/objectives that needed to be completed. Technology is also the reason

why us humans sustained and improved, Innovation had a big impact on us,

However, the recent study showed that teenagers that spend most of the time or

overuses social networking sites showed negative effects. “As this web-based

communication is replacing the real world communication which undermines the

essential skills such as reading body language” (Thompson, 2013).

Further research showed other negative effects on physical and mental

health. According to Vaghefi & Lapointe (2014) using social media can affect the

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 A Descriptive Study of the Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

mental health state of the people and also the academic performance. According

to Zwanenburg (2013) social media users who regularly use the social media

can’t stop the use social media even though the media users want to stop using

social media, this means that technology is very helpful in a way that makes the

person’s needs can be met, although improper use of it leads to addiction or

affecting one’s mental health

The internet has a huge effect on the teenager nowadays, it so popular

and anyone uses it. Teenagers know that the internet has positive and negative

effects but we can’t stop using the internet because of any uses of it. According

to (Satista 2018), there are an estimated four billion people in the world are using

the internet and people spent their time using the internet. The users spend of

the average of 6 hours per day. The internet is so wide that you can see what if

you're looking off because it has so many resources but there are some

information’s that is not valid on the internet and by the use of the internet people

nowadays can easily access in many different social media platforms. Margetts

et al. (2015), with the use of the internet people across around the world, can

share information even and they can upload or received data.

Social Media makes communication nowadays more easy and accessible

and it became more important for people to have it in the daily lives. McCay-Peet

and Quan-Haase (2017), also overview the academic discussions and offer this

definition: Social media are web-based services that allow individuals,

communities, and organizations to collaborate, connect, interact, and build a

circle of friends on the internet. Almost all of the teenager nowadays have their

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 A Descriptive Study of the Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

account in the different Social Networking Services because teenagers can

easily connect with their current friends and make new ones. Morrison (2015)

considered social media as one of the game-changers in the realm of learning

and instruction. Social media account is a requirement now in the society

because all people using it and it can help people easily access to other peoples.

Dearborn (2014) said that Social media is very popular because it’s an effective

communication channel for people. Many things can do with social media like

sharing your information to other people.

Social Media is being parted on the daily lives of teenagers nowadays.

Teenagers use Social Networking Services to connect with family, friends,

classmates and other people. Some teenager expresses their selves using social

media. Social media has an impact on people especially on teenagers and

according to the study of Shambare, R et al. (2012), the most used social media

platform is Facebook because people can do a lot of things on Facebook,

unfortunately, it affects the academic performance of the students. Almost all of

the teenagers have connected on the different social media platforms because

teenager uses social media to gather new information and to be updated all the

time on what is happening in the world. According to Çolak (2014), Social media

has positive effects on student’s life because it provides a channel where people

can create their own social life, meet new friends and communicate with their

current friends.

Recent studies from other literature say that social media platforms have

different effects on the academic performance of teenagers like teenagers spend

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 A Descriptive Study of the Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

so much time using different social media. According to Kuppuswamy and

Shankar (2010), social media platform grabs the attention of the students and

turn their academic time to a waste because of the power of social media.

Communication is so accessible nowadays because people only need internet to

connect to the different form of social media. In reality, teenagers use social

media to expose their self and find the relationship. The effect of social media in

the academic of teenagers can be positive like teenagers can easily access to

credible sources in making assignments or self-studying and negative like

spending the time in front of social media apps.

The researchers search for the positive effects of social media platforms

on the academic performance and the researcher chooses the best recent

studies. Social media for the adolescents acts as a tool to maintain their

relationship with their friends, family, loved ones and etc. (Lenhart, 2015).

Indeed, social media contribute and improve education nowadays. Yunus et al.

(2012), social media improved the peoples' vocabulary and writing skills with the

use of Twitter and Facebook. Bedir and Gülcü (2016) with the use of different

social media platforms, teachers and students could effectively communicate

with each other and teachers can use social media to inform the students for

updates.

According to Reynol Junco (2012).In the use of Facebook, it gets the

attention of students, with that their academic performances are being affected.

Maya (2015), with the users of social media it can affect us negatively like low

self-perceptions, low performance in the academics and less interest in what

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they’re taking on college. There is a study that is saying that social media don’t

have any effect on the academic performance and it depends on how the

teenagers using social media. Alwagait et al. (2015). States that using social

media and academic performance is not connected with each other.

The current era is where people consider communication as the most

important thing. According to Aydin (2014), from end to end, language edification

transmutes with the involvement of Information Computer Technology. Together

with interactive TV and social media networks. According to Selvaraj (2013), in

the fast growth of the internet, it also affects the development of the students in

terms of interacting with others and socializing. In the group study conducted by

Ellefsen (2015) In the result of the focused study, the participants feel that

Facebook have a potential to use in higher education. The researcher noticed

that in the study conducted, social media increase the academic performance of

the participants.

According to Al-Dheleai and Tasir, (2016), the respondents of the study of

the two which are the students believed that Facebook is a major help for the

teachers. It is also recommended to use the Facebook group so that the

instructors and students can interact more. But there are chances that the

interaction between the teachers and students may affect the privacy of each

other. In relation to friendship requests between teachers and students, both

teachers and students prefer not to become friends. Froment & Bohorquez,

(2017), there are instances that reciprocal actions between the educationist and

learners could harm the personal space of each other. In terms of seeking mutual

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relations between educationist and learners, both parties decide not to engage in

mutual relationships.

In this research paper, researchers will identify the different effects of

social media nowadays on the academic performance of teenagers. The

researcher wants to prove that social media is affecting the academic

performance of the student either negative or positive effect or social media can

be a helpful tool or distraction on the academic of the teenagers. The

researchers will identify what is the most used social media on teenagers and

how much time they spent on the different platform of social media.

Social media is now improving and creating new social media app that

gets the attention of the teenagers. In the study of the researchers, the

researchers will search for the different effects of social media on academic

performance nowadays. The researchers will focus on the different social media

platforms because on the recent studies the other researcher concentrated on

Facebook. Social media nowadays are now developing new features that

captivate the eyes of teenagers.

In the research paper of the researchers, there are words that are not

familiar or use the word in a different way. In the context, social media is defined

as the websites that enable people to express themselves, share other content,

entertainment and mostly for connecting with each other throughout the world. It

is a computer-based technology which is well known by teenagers and other

people. However, according to Daniel Nations (2018), social media is a very

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broad word and it’s a communication channel that enables people to

communicate. Communication and friendship are built through an online

technology called social media.

In this context, technology is defined as a way to make a person life

easier, acquiring data, sharing of data, the organization of human activities,

collaboration, as well as communication with other people around the world.

Technology is associated with social media as it is a big part of the world wide

web (www), blogs, reviews, and other many known platforms. Based on Nick

Ismail (2017) said that technology is indeed a big help in our world today,

communications were enhanced, the systematic procedure of research was

simplified, transactions, and almost all of the industry’s productivity doubled.

This research that will be done will have benefits in the following:

students, the study will aware the students on what could be the effect of social

media in terms of the academic performance; parents, the study will aware the

parents of what could be the effect of social media on the academic performance

of their child; next researcher, the next researcher can use the current study as

their reference to their future study and they can identify what areas need

improvement.

The study focuses on the effects of social media in academic

performance. The 12th grade STEM students Saint Michael’s College of Laguna

is the chosen respondents of the researchers who are fitted into supplying the

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 A Descriptive Study of the Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

data needed for the research. The students are believed to be the most capable

of supplying enough information and knowledge for the study.

Research Questions

Social media in the current era are now developing new features to

captivate the social media users. Social media and the academic performance of

the teenagers have a relationship. Teenager nowadays either uses social media

in a positive or in a negative way. The following are the key questions to be

answered by the researchers:

• What are the effects of social media on the academic performance of

teenagers nowadays?

• What is the most used social media app nowadays by teenagers?

• How much time do the teenagers spend using different social media

platforms?

Hypothesis

In the hypothesis of the researchers, the hypothesis is the proposition of

the researchers on the limited evidence that has been gathered by the

researchers. The hypothesis of the researchers may be proven correct or wrong.

The following listed below is the Hypothesis of the researchers:

HO: Social media do not have an effect on the academic performance of

teenagers.

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 A Descriptive Study of the Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

HA: Social media has an effect on the academic performance of

teenagers.

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

In this section, the researchers indicate the outline of the process of the

research paper. The theoretical framework offers several benefits to a research

work. According to Grant and Osanloo (2014), it is the process of how the

researchers will define their research paper in analytically, epistemologically,

philosophically and methodology. The framework of the researcher will be the

guide for the researchers to a successful research output.

Input Process Output

 Effects of
social media
 Social Media
on the
 Academic  Survey
academic
Performance questionnaire
 Selected  Data analysis performance
 Weighted  Time spent of
Grade 12
mean teenagers in
students
 Research  Frequency using different
Questions social media
 Hypothesis platforms
 Most used
social media
on the
teenagers

Figure 1. Theoretical Framework

The variables that will be needed in this research are social media,

hypothesis, research questions, academic performance and selected Grade 12

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 A Descriptive Study of the Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

student. The researcher will be using the survey questionnaire to get the needed

information. The statistical tool that the researchers will be using is weighted

mean and frequency after that, the researchers will analyze the data gathered

and make the conclusions. The final output of the researchers will be the effects

of social media, time spent on using social media and the most used social

media on the teenager.

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Methodology

For the purpose of the study, the researcher chose the quantitative type of

research because the researcher wants to know the effects of social media on

the academic performance of the teenagers nowadays, Aliaga and Gunderson

(2002) have defined the quantitative research that quantitative research is an

analysis into a social problem, explain phenomena by collecting statistical data

that are evaluated using mathematically based methods. The research design

that have been matched in the study of the researcher is the descriptive research

because the researchers want to describe a certain phenomenon, Ritchie et al.

(2013) discoursed that by using the descriptive method the researcher will be

capable to observe a large quantity of target population and make required

assumptions about the variables.

Table 1. Respondents

Section Total Population Sample Size

Indigo 42 11

Magenta 43 11

Crimson 48 12

Olive 46 12

Tiffany 40 10

Amber 38 10

Lilac 29 7

Maroon 30 8

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 A Descriptive Study of the Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

Total 316 79

The respondents in this research paper will be the Grade 12 students and

the researchers will get the 25% population Grade 12. The researchers get the

25% of each section and the table will show the sample size per section.

Section Crimson and Olive have the highest sample size of 12

respondents and the section Lilac has the lower sample size of 7 respondents.

Overall, the total population of the sample size is 79 respondents.

The researchers will use the survey research because according to

Kerlinger (1973), he deliberated survey research as social scientific examination

and concentrates on people, the vital facts of people, and their principles,

opinions, attitudes, enthusiasms, and behavior. The type of survey research that

the researchers will be using to gather the needed information is the survey

questionnaire and the type of survey questions that will be using by the

researchers is the Close-Ended Questions.

The probability sampling technique that will be used by the researchers is

simple random sampling; this type of sampling creates samples which involves

larger population. The most important of probability sampling is that everybody in

your population has an equal chance to be selected; this method is as easy

assigning numbers to the population. Simple random sampling is meant to be un-

bias; it is the most straightforward type of sampling. The sampling technique that

the researchers pick will be the fishbowl technique, in this technique; the names

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 A Descriptive Study of the Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

in a group of students will be collected. These names will be placed inside the

bowl and every person to be picked will be chosen as the respondents.

The researcher will use the Likert scale to give the corresponding points to the answers

of the respondent and to measure its frequency. The researchers will use the tables below to

interpret the data of the answer of the respondents.

Assigned Points Numerical Ranges Verbal Interpretation

4 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree

3 2.51 – 3.25 Agree

2 1.76 – 2.50 Disagree

1 1.00 – 1.75 Strong Disagree

Assigned Points Numerical Ranges Verbal Interpretation

4 3.26 – 4.00 Always

3 2.51 – 3.25 Often

2 1.76 – 2.50 Seldom

1 1.00 – 1.75 Never

Results

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 A Descriptive Study of the Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

In this part of the research, the data that had been gathered by the

researcher will be shown according to what the respondents response give to the

researchers. The researchers computed the data honestly to avoid biases.

The following are the research questions with the answers:

1) What are the effects of social media on the academic performance of

teenagers nowadays?
Table 2. Weighted mean that answers the first research question.

Variable Weighted Mean Verbal Interpretation

Social media boost my 3.06 Agree

confidence which helps me to
participate in class`

Social media helps me to 3.27 Strongly Agree

improve my academic
performance.

I can concentrate with my 3.82 Strongly Agree

studies when I use social
media.

I used social media as an 3.27 Strongly Agree

alternative educational learning
resource

I can still improve my academic 3.42 Strongly Agree

performance without the help of
social media

In the table given, 3.06 is the weighted mean that has a verbal

interpretation of Agree where the respondents are agreeing that social media

boost the confidence of an individual that helps them to participate in class. 3.27

is the weighted mean that has a verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree where the

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 A Descriptive Study of the Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

respondents is strongly agreeing that social media help students in improving the

academic performance. 3.82 is the weighted mean that has a verbal

interpretation of Strongly Agree where the respondents are strongly agreeing that

with the help of social media the students can concentrate in their studies. 3.27 is

the weighted mean that has a verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree where the

respondents are strongly agreeing social media can be an alternative educational

learning resources. 3.42 is the weighted mean that has a verbal interpretation of

Strongly Agree where the respondents are strongly agreeing that students can

still improve their academic performance without the help of social media.

2) What is the most used social media app nowadays by teenagers?

Table 3. Weighted mean that answers the second research question.

Variable Weighted Mean Verbal Interpretation

Facebook 3.58 Always

Messenger 3.97 Always

Instagram 3.37 Always

YouTube 3.73 Always

Tumblr 2.34 Seldom

Snapchat 2.61 Often

Twitter 3.08 Often

The table shows that Messenger have the highest weighted mean among

the other social media app with the weighted mean of 3.97 that has a verbal

interpretation of Always however Tumblr got the lowest weight mean of 2.34 that

has a verbal interpretation of Seldom.

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 A Descriptive Study of the Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

3) How much time do the teenagers spend using different social media

platforms?
Table 4. Weighted mean that will answer the third research question.

Variable Weighted Mean Verbal Interpretation

I spent 1 to 3 hours using 3.51 Always

social media a day.

I spent 4 to 6 hours using 3.39 Always

social media a day.

I spent 7 to 9 hours using 2.77 Often

social media a day.

I spent 10 hours and 2.06 Often

above using social media
a day.

In the table above, 3.51 is the weighted mean that has a verbal

interpretation of Always where the students are always spending 1 to 3 hours in

using social media apps. 3.39 is the weighted mean that has a verbal

interpretation of Always where the students are always spending 4 to 6 hours in

using social media apps. 2.77 is the weighted mean that has a verbal

interpretation of Often where the students are often spending 7 to 9 hours in

using social media apps. 2.06 is the weighted mean that has a verbal

interpretation of Often where the students are often spending 10 hours and

above in using social media apps.

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 A Descriptive Study of the Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

Discussion

In this section of this research paper, researchers finally answer all the key

questions that have been established by the researchers. The results of the

survey provide some of the empirical data about the effects of social media on

the academic performance of the students and the following are the conclusions

of the researcher:

Based on the data gathered by the researchers, the null hypothesis of the

researchers is not accepted and the alternative hypothesis is accepted because

the researcher proved that social media have effect on the academic

performance of the students.

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 A Descriptive Study of the Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

According to the results, Messenger is the most used social media app of

the students because messenger is a social media app that can communicate

with other people around the world and it’s free even though the students don’t

have data package registered they still can use their data in their mobile phones.

The social media that have the lowest user along the students is Tumblr.

The range of the time spent of the students in using social media is 1 to 6

hours. The researcher believes that the range of the time spent using social

media of the respondents is just right to have a positive effect on the students.

The time spent of the students on using social media reflected on what could be

the effect of social media on their academic performance.

Researcher concludes that with the use of social media the academic

performance of the students gets affected positively and they can develop

different skills using social media.

Social media could affect negatively to the academic performance of the

student if not used properly.

The researchers will state their recommendations for the individuals who

will benefit to the research paper of the researchers. Especially the

recommendations of the researcher are for the future researchers who want to

tackle about the effects of the social media. Future researchers can tackle

different topic about social media that didn’t tackle by the researchers. The

following are the recommendations of the researchers:

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 A Descriptive Study of the Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

The researcher recommends to the future researcher to study on what

different skills that can be develop or improve using social media because in the

future social media will be improving and developing.

Future researchers may study about the timeline and development of the

internet; this will be helpful in understanding the impact and the process of how

social media influenced the teenagers with their studies.

Students should use the social media properly and don’t use improperly

because it can affect the students’ academic performance negatively.

Avoid being biased, do not focus on one side, future researchers must pay

attention both on positive and negative side. Future researchers must study

about the perspective of the students on how social media distract them from

studying.

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 A Descriptive Study of the Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

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