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11900313040
Under the guidance of,
Associate Prof Dr. Sudipta Chattopadhyay
CONTENTS
Introduction
Radio wave propagation
Classification of radio waves
Different modes of propagation
Ground Wave propagation
Sky wave propagation
Space wave propagation
Conclusion
Bibilography
INTRODUCTION
X Electric
field , E
Y
Direction of
propagation
The two fields are at right-angles to each other and the direction of
propagation is at right-angles to both fields.
RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION
Radio Waves propagate outward from an antenna , at the speed
of light. The exact nature of these waves is determined by the
transmission medium. i.e., In free space they travel in straight
lines , whereas in the atmosphere they generally travel in curved
path.
The Ground waves are traverse in nature. Horizontal polarised antennas are
not preferred as the horizontal component of the electric field in contact with
the earth is short circuited by the earth.
WAVE TILT
The earth is not an ideal conductor , so there will remain a tangential component of electric
field resulting wave tilt.
Since there is surface impedance which is non-zero there will be tangential component of
electric field i.e., EH and Ev be vertical component of electric field and if H is the
magnetic field
then, and
Then,
From the equation we see that the two component are not in phase and as
in general
E layer –Disappears
90 to 140 km at
layer-night.
Sporadic
F1 140
E layer:
to
Disappears
250km at
Temporary night.
N=400e/cc
layer
fc=5Mhz
N=2*
time 10^5 e/cc
Summerfc=180KHz
N=2*10^5 to
thin layerfc=4mhz
Mainly
4*10^5 reflects
of intense
e/cc
ULF
ionisation and LF
clouds.
F2 layer- 250 km and
reflect frequency
beyond up to
224 MHz
fc=8Mhz at
90-130 km day and
6Mhz at
night
N=2*10^6
e/cc
11
CRITICAL FREQUENCY
Critical frequency (fc) for given layer is defined as the highest frequency
of wave that will be returned to the earth by that layer having been
beamed normal ly at it.
T Dskip R
VIRTUAL HEIGHT
The virtual height of an ionospheric layer is the equivalent altitude
of a reflection that would produce the same effect as the actual
refraction.
c=speed of light=3×10⁸
T=round trip time