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MOORINGS
 Moorings - anchoring arrangements

 Situations

 Limited area

 Waiting period is greater

 Distress situation

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FIXED MOORING ACCESSORIES
 Mooring Post
 For bringing ship into the port

 Attached to the corners of a pier or at the ends of a wharf

 Bollard
 Single or Double bit

 350 KN/ 35 tonnes

 Galvanised Bolts

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 CAPSTAN
 Upright Cylinder – cables are wound –
machinery or hand
 When rope lines are large and long

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 FLOATING TYPE
 Mooring Buoys
 Fixed positions –
harbour interiors

 Design - Sufficient
buoyancy

 Depth : Diameter – 1 : 2

 Size of Anchor Chain –

70 – 90 mm
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 Holding Power

 Firm sand – 7 × weight of anchor

 Stiff plastic lay – 1.5 × value of firm sand

 Soft mud – 0.25 × value of firm sand

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 WRECK BUOY
 Peculiar shape
 Locate wrecks in
harbour exteriors or
open sea
 Sea cable crossing
locations

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 BUOYAGE SYSTEM
 U.K – Shape
 France – Colour
 U.S.A
 Special numbering,
 Colouring,
 Symbols,
 Lighting etc.,

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 U.S. BUOY TYPES
 Types of buoys in U.S.A
 Spar buoy

 Can buoy

 Nun Buoy

 Lighted buoy

 Spherical Buoy

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Spar Buoys
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Spherical Buoy
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LIGHTED BOUYS

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LIGHTED BUOYS

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ANCHORS

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ANCHOR TYPES

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 NAVIGATIONAL AIDS
 7.5 % collisions - 5 % - open sea

 Half in English Channel and German River Albe

 Dover Strait – only 25m wide - 3,oo,oo ships a year

 For safe, efficient, economic and comfortable travel

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NAVIGATIONAL ……continued 1
 Not only guide the mariner – to avoid hidden rocky
outcrops and sand bars.

 Night and bad weather conditions - Poor visibility due

to fog or clouds – to locate ports

 Type of navigational aid

 Kind of waterway served, and

 Its function

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 SIGNAL REQUIREMENTS
 Compels attention

 Permits time for easy response

 Makes its meaning clear at a glance, and

 Commands respect

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 FIXED NAVIGATION STRUCTURES
 Light houses
 Navigation lights on piers, wharves, dolphin etc.,
 Beacon lights on breakwaters, shores, etc.,

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