Table of Contents

ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... 2

PURPOSES ..................................................................................................................... 3

ISSUE AND PURPOSES OF THE POLITICAL POWER IN THE ISSUE....................... 4

THE PROCESS OF INVOLVING THE BUREAUCRACY, THE PRESS, AND THE

MASS MEDIA IN THE ISSUE ........................................................................................ 9

RESULTS ...................................................................................................................... 13
CONCLUSION: FUNCTION OF POLITICAL POWER IN INDONESIA POLITICS ....15

BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................................................................................................16

1
ABSTRACT

According to Miriam Budiardjo, political powers are those that can be entered in an
individual or institutional sense. In an individualized sense, political forces are nothing but
political actors or people who play a role in political life. And here institutionally political
forces can be in the form of institutions or organizations or other forms of institutionalization
and aim to influence the process of political decision making in the political system. In the
digital era, political power is easily obtained only by typing behind the gadget screen by a
person or actor who is able to move many people to influence and create change in the political
system. Mass media, for example, often hashtags written in social media are able to influence
the masses to join in calling for an issue to become viral, but because of the ease of gathering
power, this is often misused for political propaganda. Cases related to this are the issue of mass
mobilization of the May 22 demonstration to protest about the result of President election
which ended up in chaos and hoaxes and restrictions on some social media features.
This case was preceded by video information disseminated through the Whatsapp group
about fraud in the electoral system committed by camp 01 (Jokowi-Ma'ruf Amin) and this
information was received without filtering by the public and planned to protest during the
announcement of the election results of the May 22. The demonstration that occurred in the
field ended with chaos, casualties, and damage, with this the government especially Kominfo
decided to limit some features on social media Whatsapp, Instagram, Twitter, Facebook so that
they could not send and receive pictures or videos in the hope that they could prevent
provocation and hoaxes which impacted the riots in the demonstration.

Based on the description described above, this paper will explain and identify Political Power:
Demonstration Action 22 May 2019 : Limitation of Social Media Access Limiting Right to
Expression.

2
PURPOSES

In general, the formulation of the problem in the paper entitled Political Power : Demonstration
Action 22 May 2019 : Limitation of Social Media Access Limiting Right to Expression
can be formulated as in the following statement.

1. What is the purpose of the bureaucracy, the press and mass media as a group of political
power on the issue of mass media restrictions on the May 22 demonstration?
2. How is the process of involving the bureaucracy, the press and the mass media in the issue
of mass media restrictions on the May 22 demonstration?
3. How is the result of the process of involving the bureaucracy, the press, and the mass media
in the issue of mass media restrictions on the May 22 demonstration.

The purpose of writing a paper entitled Political Power: Demonstration Action 22 May 2019 :
Limitation of Social Media Access Limiting Right to Expression is as follows :

1. To explain the purpose of the bureaucracy, the press, and mass media as a group of political
forces on the issue of mass media restrictions on the May 22 demonstration
2. To explain the process of involving the bureaucracy, the press, and the mass media in the
issue of mass media restrictions on the May 22 demonstration
3. To explain the results of the process of involving the bureaucracy, the press and mass media
in the issue of mass media restrictions on the May 22 demonstration

3
ISSUE AND PURPOSES OF THE POLITICAL POWER IN THE ISSUE

On April 17 2019, Indonesia had just celebrated a massive democratic party, which was a
presidential election, legislative elections, and simultaneous regional head elections. The
General Election Commission as the Institution which has the authority to hold the Election
confirms the existence of a foundation that is Direct, free, honest and fair. This principle has
long been held fast by the Indonesian people in terms of doing democracy. According to the
origin of the word, democracy can be interpreted as the people in power or government by the
people, and based on the Greek word demos means people, kratos/ kratein means power.
However, UNESCO also drew the conclusion that the idea of democracy is assumed to have
ambiguity or uncertainty regarding "Institutions or ways used to carry out ideas, or about
cultural and historical conditions that influence the terms, ideas and practices of democracy1.
Democracy is an ideology that is adopted by Indonesia as a basis of passion that places people's
power, it can be interpreted that the people have the right to the future of the state and the state
has limitations in governing. With the adoption of democracy as an ideology, this makes
Indonesian citizens have equal opportunities and rights for expression and opinion, and this is
also a form of human rights respected by Indonesia. In 2019, for the first time Indonesia held
elections in one full day, which is divided into presidential elections, elections for members of
the national and regional representatives. The campaign period which began from September
2018-April 2019 was filled by Hoax or false news and propaganda from each side. The use of
social media is now widely used by politicians and political parties as a means to express their
opinions and interests, supported by the increasing potential of technology, social media has
not escaped the reach of candidates in conducting campaigns. There is a trend to use hashtags
in conducting campaigns, this actually has a negative impact and worsens the atmosphere of
the campaign. With the convenience offered by social media, such as easily accessing
information, knowing the candidates' vision and mission, and spreading it in seconds. The most
effective social media for campaigning and propaganda are WhatsApp, Twitter, Facebook, and
Instagram by using buzzers to spread messages in a way that attracts attention and builds public
opinion, in which politicians or an important figure take a very big role. Propaganda, in the

1
Dasar – Dasar Ilmu Politik, Miriam Budiardjo

4
most neutral sense, means to disseminate or promote particular ideas. In Latin, it means “ to
propagate” or “ to sow” (Garth Jowett, 1986). To identify a message as propaganda is to suggest
something negative and dishonest. Words frequently used as synonym for propaganda are lies,
distortion, and deceit. Political propaganda in the massive era of social media users has become
easier, cheaper and simpler. Politicians or parties no longer need to make newspapers
containing writings or posters in pages, enough with simple sentences such as slogans through
the hashtag to make propaganda. The most viral hashtag during the campaign is
#2019GantiPresiden. Politicians and political parties should try to mature the political logic of
the people, not only in the form of hashtags but also to provide strong arguments that explain
why they should replace the president, or must continue to be elected again for the second
period. Moreover, social media users can choose hashtags that they want but are based on
awareness, and know the arguments clearly why they should support, choose, and liked them.
The General Election Commission set the number of voters in 2019 to reach 192 million
people. Of these, as many as 190,770,329 were domestic voters, while foreign voters were
2,058,191 voters. The number of overseas voters is spread across 130 Indonesian
representatives throughout the world.2 Dominated by young voters identified as active users of
social media that make social media a place to increase knowledge through news, develop
identity, and increase financial resources, making politicians use this to increase opportunities
for campaigning and propaganda. Tomaz Dazelan and Igor Vobic in his book (R) Evolving
Political Communication through Social Media (Dezelan, 2016) revealed that the expansion
of social media has contributed to the modernization of significant political communication as
a new means of enabling direct communication with followers, and exerting influence on the
communication of political messages to voters3 . The strong correlation between social media
and the impact of the campaign can be seen shortly after the election. This is proven by the
existence of an opposition party with the initiative stating that it was the party that won the
presidential election. Hashtags echoed in a number of social media became viral and trending.
It also sparked debate from a number of institutions that did quick counts, where both parties,

2 KPU : Jumlah Pemilih Tetap Pemilu 2019 Capai 192 Juta,2019,

https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20181215171713-32-353929/kpu-jumlah-pemilih-
tetap-pemilu-2019-capai-192-juta
3 Propaganda Politik melalui ‘Hashtag’ Media Sosial, 2019,
https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-3997572/propaganda-politik-melalui-hashtag-media-sosial

5
between the presidential and vice-presidential candidates and the institutions of quick counts
showed very much different results. whereas, the general election commission has also stated
that the official proposal will be announced on May 22 2019. This triggered supporters of one
of the presidential candidates to suspect cheating in holding the 2019 elections. Moreover, one
presidential candidate who suspected this irregularity also acknowledged and was enough to
lead public opinion in his social media accounts that this election was not an election that
should be officially recognized. However, everyone knows that official results that can be
trusted and recognized are the results announced by the election commission.

The general election commission will announce the official results of the 2019 elections on
May 22, 2019. But there are a number of groups that actually use the moment of May 22 as a
protest against the election results. The reason, according to them, the 2019 elections are full
of fraud. They will hold this demonstration around the KPU and Bawaslu buildings. In addition
to rejecting the election results, they will ask the two institutions to disqualify Jokowi in the
2019 Presidential Election.4 Initially, this group of people was suspected of being part of an
opposition group that strongly opposed the election results. However, on the other hand the
police have succeeded in revealing the figure of the rioters in the May 22 demonstration. The
police ensured that there were strict differences between peaceful mass groups and riot groups.
The police said the riots that occurred during the May 22 action in front of the Bawaslu building
yesterday were caused by 300 riot mobs. This group of rioters mingled with the mass of
peaceful action before provoking. National Police Public Relations Head Inspector General
Iqbal said the May 22 action in front of the Bawaslu building was attended by 6,000 people.
Initially, the speech was delivered peacefully until finally at 18:00 WIB, the peaceful crowd
requested an extension of time. The police then gave tolerance, so the peaceful protest
participants continued their speeches. However, shortly afterwards, there were masses who
suddenly made riots. They pelted police with Molotov and stones.

"Suddenly from a large group of masses, there are approximately 300 masses that we can
categorize as riot mobs who suddenly throw Molotov , throw stones," said Inspector General

4 Serba-serbi Aksi 22 Mei : Dari Ancaman Teror sampai Ancaman Pemecatan, 2019,
https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4557355/serba-serbi-aksi-22-mei-dari-ancaman-teror-sampai-
ancaman-pemecatan

6
Iqbal in a press conference at the Office of the Coordinating Ministry for Politics and Security,
Jl Medan Merdeka Barat, Central Jakarta, Thursday (5/23/2019) 5.
The police also carried out several raid activities to stem the mass of the May 22 action. One
of the raids in anticipation of mass movements that went to Jakarta on May 22 was conducted
in Surabaya. Tanjung Perak Port Police and the TNI conducted raids along Jalan Suramadu.
One by one four-wheeled vehicles from the direction of Madura Island to Surabaya were
stopped for inspection. Starting private cars, box cars, and passenger buses did not escape the
inspection officers. Tanjung Perak Port Police Chief Adjunct Senior Commissioner Antonius
Agus Rahmanto said a joint large-scale raid was carried out since Saturday (5/19) at 21.30
West Indonesia Time to anticipate the mass movement to Jakarta ahead of the election
determination on 22 May 2019.

"This is a joint raid for Operation Mantab Brata and the Semeru Semeru Operation Section
2019, then part of securing the 2019 Election. As we all know, May 22, 2019 was the day of
the KPU announcement of the results of the 2019 Election. A lot of information was circulating
in the people's power activities," said AKBP Antonius Agus Rahmanto to reporters on
Suramadu Street, Sunday (05/19/2019).The same thing was done by Probolinggo Regional
Police. In order to anticipate the May 22 mass movement in Jakarta, the joint Probolinggo
police team and the TNI held a raid on the northern coast line6. Protests in Jakarta by supporters
of Prabowo Subianto who were dissatisfied with the results of the General Election
Commission (KPU) stating the victory of incumbent President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo in the
presidential election, pushed the Indonesian government to temporarily restrict social media
access. Provocateurs among protesters turned peaceful protests into riots, with hundreds of
people injured and eight dead. The government says they restrict access to social media to
prevent the spread of disinformation. Whereas social media restrictions do not only cause
negative impacts, but also positive impacts. With social media, people who feel disappointed

5 Beda Massa Perusuh dan Massa Damai di Aksi Demo 22 Mei, 2019,
https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4562751/beda-massa-perusuh-dan-massa-damai-di-aksi-
demo-22-mei
6 Serba-serbi Aksi 22 Mei: Dari Ancaman Teror sampai Ancaman Pemecatan, 2019,
https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4557355/serba-serbi-aksi-22-mei-dari-ancaman-teror-sampai-
ancaman-pemecatan

7
with the general election can express it through existing social media. However, if the
government continues to implement restrictions on access to social media, it can be said that
the government has violated the rights of Indonesian citizens to freedom of opinion and
expression. The press and mass media take a very important role, especially in such a chaotic
situation. Press and mass media, can be one source for civil society to obtain information that
has been collected by journalists. Whereas, the news that has been collected by journalists is
verifiable and includes verified news. Journalists who have sought and collected information
from various sources, angles and perspectives can be part of the education for the community.
People will be able to learn to defend themselves from propaganda if there are people who
educate them on how to pay attention to good literacy, find reliable sources and verify news
that is not necessarily true. Moreover, closing public access to social media not only violates
human rights, namely freedom of opinion and expression, but also does not solve the problem
completely. This will only slow down the spread of hoaxes, but there will always be a
possibility that the news will spread widely in the community.

8
THE PROCESS OF INVOLVING THE BUREAUCRACY, THE PRESS, AND THE
MASS MEDIA IN THE ISSUE

PRE MAY 22
During the May 22, 2019 demonstration, a number of political power groups such as the
Bureaucracy (the Ministry of Communication and Information ; the Ministry of Defense), the
press and the mass media. The involvement of the masses who finally gathered in front of the
Bawaslu building was believed by Mahfud MD to be a planned thing. It is impossible that
happens spontaneously. The movement looks very well planned as an equipment for its
command system," Mahfud said in Jakarta, Tuesday (05/28/2019)."7 These groups have
actually been involved long before the demonstration and social media restrictions were carried
out. At first the mass was provoked because a lot of information was circulating from the
whatsapp group regarding fraud on the results of the 2019 presidential election, on the quick
count results it was seen that the superior was candidate no 01 , Jokowi-Ma'ruf Amin from the
start of the quick count results, there have been many videos shared on social media about the
ballot issue that have been punched. This incident was reportedly occurred in Medan, by
attaching a picture of the condition of ballot papers for candidate No.01, Jokowi-Ma'ruf Amin.
it makes the supporters of 02 goaded and believe without filtering the truth of the video source.
After the video, the North Sumatra and Medan KPU reported that the ballot video hoax had
already been punched to the North Sumatra Police Headquarters on Sunday (3/3). 8The report
was made because the video was considered to be able to provoke and defame the KPU's good
name as the election organizer. After the police investigate and find out that it is a hoax "The

7 Mahfud MD Yakin Kerusuhan Saat Demo 21-22 Mei Sudah Terencana, 2019,
https://nasional.sindonews.com/read/1408235/12/mahfud-md-yakin-kerusuhan-saat-demo-
21-22-mei-sudah-terencana-1559054751

8 Penyebar Hoax Surat Suara Sudah Dicoblos 01 di Sumut Diciduk Polisi, 2019,
https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4475148/penyebar-hoax-surat-suara-sudah-dicoblos-01-di-
sumut-diciduk-polisi

9
account that the suspect used to spread the video hoax is a fake account.”9 Another video
uploaded in social media is a ballot video in Malaysia. The video also angered supporters of
02 candidate, but this was verified by Member of the Election Oversight Body (Bawaslu), Fritz
Edward Siregar, ensuring that the ballots punched in Selangor Malaysia were not hoaxes.
According to Fritz, the news shared through the video was a finding from his side in Malaysia.
"That's right (voting ballot already punched). Kuala Lumpur Supervisory Committee as the
inventor and we are well informed," said Fritz when confirmed by reporters on Thursday
(04/11/2019)10 . In addition to the involvement of political power groups such as social media
that easily spread the news and get mass support, there is also the role of TV broadcast
institutions, in the process, TV especially news channels inform the actual conditions during
the election period. But in this case there is a partiality depending on each channel and is able
to lead public opinion, and sometimes the TV Broadcast Institution getting intervene by the
government to inform what advantaged the government. There were also uploaded in social
media displaying Quick Count results from the April 17, 2019 Election on the Metro TV news
page. It was stated that the data displayed on Metro TV shows the results showed that the most
votes were in Candidate Pair number 02, Prabowo-Sandi while the actual quick count result
showed that the most votes were Jokowi-Ma’ruf Amin. Related to this, Metro TV has provided
clarification via the web and its official Instagram account. Metro TV said that there had been
a technical error in displaying the results data while the quick calculation of the 2019
Presidential Election, there are differences in graphic data with the election ticker that appears
on the screen.11 On TV at that time candidate number 02 involved himself to declare his victory
Before the KPU Calculation "We declare victory as president and vice president based on real

9 Penyebar Hoax Surat Suara Sudah Dicoblos 01 di Sumut Diciduk Polisi, 2019,
https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4475148/penyebar-hoax-surat-suara-sudah-dicoblos-01-di-
sumut-diciduk-polisi
10 Bawaslu Pastikan Surat Suara Sudah Tercoblos di Malaysia Bukan Hoax, 2019,
https://www.beritasatu.com/politik/548089/bawaslu-pastikan-surat-suara-sudah-tercoblos-di-
malaysia-bukan-hoax

11
Metrotv klarifikasi Grafis Data Hasil Sementara QC Pilpres yang Viral, 2019,
https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4515774/metrotv-klarifikasi-grafis-data-hasil-sementara-qc-
pilpres-yang-viral

10
counts of more than 62 percent," Prabowo said at a press conference. 12 He claims to have
evidence that there have been efforts with various kinds of fraud in a number of districts or
cities throughout Indonesia. Prabowo's decision to declare his victory before the KPU's official
decision was able to lead the strength and opinions of supporters. This includes the spread of
hoaxes because after all the KPU has the right to officially issue the results of the decision and
could move their supporters to protest if the official announcement different from his
declaration. It is known that the results of the real count that he said were actually only the
results of a survey agency belonging to the faction 02 itself.

May 22, 2019

Previous news through this mass media provoked the masses which finally happened on May
22, 2019 on the day of the official announcement by the KPU and informed that a
demonstration would be held to protest the results of the presidential election by supporters of
Prabowo-Sandi. The demonstration plan was provoked by provocateurs through the whatsapp
group by claiming the event would be attended by the 02 Candidate, Prabowo-Sandi. BPN said
Prabowo-Sandiaga did not know about the action plan. "So that is purely the aspirations of the
people. We are in a position to respect the aspirations of the people because of their
constitutional rights. If asked if there are more demonstrations today, tomorrow, we don't
know," Dahnil said.13 Officials said the riots were carried out by paid mobs. They are
unemployed and tattooed from outside Jakarta, which is Banten, West Java and Central Java.
With the May 22 demo and other terror issues the government through the Minister of
Communication and Information Technology (Menkominfo) and the Coordinating Minister for
Political, Legal and Security Affairs (Menkopolhukam) which is to restrict provocateurs from
posting videos, memes, and photos, especially hoax circulation of demonstrations rejection or
dissatisfaction with the results of the 2019 Presidential Election which is disseminated via
Facebook, Instagram, Whatsapp, and Twitter.

12
Prabowo-Sandiaga Deklarasikan Klaim Kemenangan Pilpres, 2019,
https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2019/04/18/17454731/prabowo-sandiaga-deklarasikan-
klaim-kemenangan-pilpres?page=all
13
Muncul Broadcast Aksi Jumat Besok BPN Pak Prabowo-Sandi Tak Tahu, 2019,
https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4562607/muncul-broadcast-aksi-jumat-besok-bpn-pak-
prabowo-sandi-tak-tahu

11
As Bahtiar Effendi's (2000: 197) theory states that political forces are all things that play a role
and influence and are actively involved in politics. Thus, the involvement of social media in
gathering mass to hold this May 22 demonstration can be said to be a political force because it
plays an active role in the world of politics by holding demonstrations to voice their aspirations,
and also the involvement of mass media is able to influence opinion by finding people who
feel fit with the issues spread so as to create the power to move to demand change. Likewise,
the way the bureaucracy, especially the ministry in the process of involvement, can also be said
as a political force by carrying out restrictions on access and some social media features
because public security is more important than freedom of social media, they tighten the
information circulating, the way it is done temporarily and gradually for the next 2 to 3 days
(May 22-24) so that hoaxes can be resisted and there are no provocateurs causing riots at the
area. TV channel involvement claimed as the only actual source of information. The Indonesian
Broadcasting Commission (KPI) asks all broadcasters not to broadcast violence-laden shows
in coverage of demonstrations related to the determination of the 2019 election results. In
addition, coverage also can lead to provocative actions. In delivering news, Broadcasting
Institutions must always be guided by P3SPS namely; accurate, fair, balanced, impartial, not
in bad faith, not inciting and misleading, not confusing personal facts and opinions, not
accentuating elements of violence, not competing against racial intolerance, and not making
hoax news because the involvement of TV institutions will also affect the political process that
ongoing.14

14
KPI Minta Pemberitaan Lembaga Penyiaran Redakan Suasana, 2019,
https://kominfo.go.id/content/detail/18871/kpi-minta-pemberitaan-lembaga-penyiaran-
redakan-suasana/0/berita_satker

12
RESULTS

Haniah Hanafie and Ana Sabhna Azmy (2018) explained that political forces are "a number of
groups most capable of bargaining, maximizing the sources of power by choosing the right
channels to channel their aspirations." The process of involving forces Politics such as the
bureaucracy (Ministry of Communication and Information Technology and Kemenko
Polhukam), the press, and the mass media in the May 22 demo case were carried out with the
aim of achieving the desired results by each political force.

a. Bureaucracy
After the Ministry of Defence through the Ministry of Communication and Information
decided to limit some internet features, protests from the community began and various ways
for people to find other ways to still be able to access some of the restricted internet features
through VPN, the result was that the ministry's action could not reduce the spread of hoaxes.
which could provoke and add riots to the demonstration in front of the Bawaslu building. The
government tried to limit the internet features also actually made people unable to sort out and
filter information that they considered was not a hoax because information about the state of
the demo was only conveyed via TV and added suspicion that the government was hiding
something or change the fact in the demonstration area

b. Press and Mass Media

At the day the Ministry of Communication and Informatics had informed that it would close
some internet features and this led to hashtags on Twitter such as #InstagramDown because
Instagram could not update any info, whereas on Twitter it could only access tweets and the
tweetpict feature was also restricted so that the masses protested and spread information about
using the application of VPN to be able to access all internet features as normally by bringing
up the trending hashtag #instagramdown. In the circumstances that information becomes
limited are also used by some journalists or people who are not responsible for writing
confusing news on Google pages through several websites that cannot be accounted for. The
media is indeed limited by the government but there are still many ways for netizens to find
other ways to access news and even this situation is increasingly being used by some people in
writing articles only for their content and advantage. There was also an issue of apparatus
violence against demonstrators in May 22. On TV the Police stated that "Proven according to
the Police, in addition to rejection / disbanding, there were also provocateurs, and there was a

13
new era coming in addition to the rioting protesters which eventually clashed. There were times
that burned stalls, cars, damaged assets, buildings and others.” Showed that the lack of
detection readiness, until not monitored early on that night (21 nights to 22 early morning),
rioters mobilization,15 "Because clarification was broadcast on TV and TV did not broadcast
testimony from residents involved at the scene whether in the riots. the police take action
because of the demonstration of the demonstrators or not (there is no clarification on both sides)
TV also becomes a media that can only be used as a tool for those in power and have the power
of access to defend only from one side through TV which at the time the incident was expected
to be the only credible source of information. The result was originally expected to limit the
internet features to decorate from the news hoax favored one side, finally TV dominated with
government clarification and we couldn't check the truth either. So that, TV that earlier
expected to become as a social control cannot fulfil its expectations.

Generally, the result of internet restrictions due to the May 22 demonstration was the
difficulty of access to communicate for office workers to send files in the form of pictures or
videos needed by the company, and caused paralysis of the country's economy.

15
Bredar Isu Kekerasan Aparat Terhadap Warga di Aksi 22 Mei, Ini Respons Kompolnas,
2019, https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4565320/beredar-isu-kekerasan-aparat-terhadap-
warga-di-aksi-22-mei-ini-respons-kompolnas

14
 CONCLUSION: FUNCTION OF POLITICAL POWER IN INDONESIA POLITICS

MASS MEDIA
According to Gurevitch and Blumer (1990: 270) the functions of mass media are:
• As an environmental observer of the existing socio-political conditions. The mass media
functions as a tool for socio-political control that can provide various information about
social deviation itself, which is carried out by both the government, the private sector, and by
the public.
• As an agenda setting.
• A place for dialogue about differences in views that exist in society or the power holders
(Government).
• The mass media is part of the government mechanism to maintain its position through
information disclosed in the mass media.

PRESS
• As a guardian of democracy. To carry out this role, the press is required to carry out.
environmental monitoring, actively wherever the press is located. This was stated expressly
by the government, by putting it in Press Law (UU Pers No. 40 th.1999).
• Press reporting functions as a reward and punishment system for the government and the
community.
• The press serves to convey and explain the bad events that occurred in society and
government.
• To report the policies that are actually carried out by the government in actual and factual
terms, so that the community can provide support to the government.

BUREAUCRACY
• To implement the public services.
• Professional development implementers.
• Planners, implementers and policy supervisors (government management).
• Government tools to serve the interests (servants) of society and state.

15
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https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4562607/muncul-broadcast-aksi-jumat-besok-bpn-pak-
prabowo-sandi-tak-tahu

https://kominfo.go.id/content/detail/18871/kpi-minta-pemberitaan-lembaga-penyiaran-
redakan-suasana/0/berita_satker

https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4565320/beredar-isu-kekerasan-aparat-terhadap-warga-di-
aksi-22-mei-ini-respons-kompolnas

https://pakarkomunikasi.com/fungsi-pers-dalam-media-kontrol-sosial

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https://www.kompasiana.com/depsinlezta/552927ee6ea834a8728b45b7/peran-media-
massa-dalam-kehidupan-politik

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