Easy II Operators Manual

CADWELL LABORATORIES, INC.
Easy II
Operators Manual
Part Number:: 100840-620
Revision Number: 1.1
Revision Date: April 25, 06
CADWELL LABORATORIES, INC
Easy II Operators Manual
 2006 Cadwell Laboratories, Inc All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any
language or computer language, in any form, by any means, electronic, mechanical, optical, chemical, manual, or otherwise
without prior written consent of Cadwell Laboratories, Inc.
909 North Kellogg Street • Kennewick, WA 99336

Phone 509.735.6481 • Fax 509.783.6503
www.cadwell.com
E A S Y I I M A N U A L F U L L D R A F T . D O C E A S Y I I P S G / E E G S Y S T E M – C A D W E L L
L A B S
Disclaimer
Clinical conclusions and decisions based on the use of this product are the
responsibility of the user. Cadwell does not accept any liability or responsibility for
damages arising out of the use of or inability to use this product.
This document may contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes

are periodically made to the information herein; these changes will be incorporated
in future revisions of this document. Features and specifications are subject to
change without notice.
Cadwell does not accept any liability for the use or misuse, direct or indirect, of this
product. Users must accept all responsibility for any results obtained by or concluded
from data obtained by the products. The user must accept all responsibility for
results obtained by software from Cadwell Laboratories, Inc.
Trademark Notices
Cadwell, Easy, EasyNet, Q-Video are registered trademarks of Cadwell Laboratories,

Inc. This document also contains trademarks of other companies.
Intended Use
The Easy II system is intended for use by a physician or trained technician under the
supervision of a physician for the acquisition of EEG and other polygraphic
channels. The intended recording environment for the Easy II is the hospital, clinic,
physician’s office, and other testing environments.
-2-
L A B S
Table of Contents Event Mark Style 4437

General Warnings and Cautions 128 Calibrate Screen Size 4437
Unpacking Computer Hardware 1410 Page Length/Numbering 4437
Easy II Installation Checklist 1511 Manual Flash Stimulator Rates 4538
Easy II Amplifier 1612 The Display 4638
Easy II Amplifier Details 1713 Overview of Screen Colors 4638
Easy II Amplifier LEDs 1915 To set the screen colors 4739
Easy II Amplifier Symbols 2016 To create a custom screen color 4739
Easy II Amplifier Warnings and Cautions 2117 Customizing the Toolbars 4840
Easy II Remote Input Box 2319 System Calibration 4840
Easy II Remote Input Box – Layout 2319 Event Keys 4941
Remote Input Box Details 2319 Overview of Pre-Defined Event Keys 5041
Easy II Remote Input Box Warnings and Cautions2420 Creating and Editing Montages 5042
Easy II Photic Stimulator 2521 Trace Properties 5142
Photic Stimulator Details 2521 Remontaging 5243
Easy II Photic Stimulator Symbols 2521 Montage Guidelines 5243
Easy II Photic Stimulator - Warnings and Cautions2622 Montages for Active/Reference Pair Electrodes 5344
Easy II Power Communications Module 3024 Average References 5445
Power Communications Module Details 3024 To create a new montage 5546
Easy II Power Communication Module Symbols 3125 To create an average reference 5647
Easy II Power Communications Module - Warnings To define a flash stimulation marker channel 5647
and Cautions 3226 Programming the Montage Keys 5748
Easy II Hardware Cable Connection Illustration 3428 Flash Stimulator Auto-Sequence Programs 5748
Easy II Cables 3529 Recording Preferences 5849
DC Amplifier Details 3630 To set the sample rate 5849
Easy II DC Amplifier - LEDs 3731 To set default sensitivity and filter values for linked
Easy II DC Amplifier Symbols 3731 traces 5950
Easy II DC Amplifier Modules, Warnings and Cautions3832 To enable live mode 5950
Setting Up -General Preferences 4135 To adjust the initial activity monitor volume 5950
Constant Graticule Width 4135 To set the default montage 5950
Trace Band Overlap 4236 To Set the default paper speed 6051
Paper Speed Units 4336 To Set the COM Port for the Optional Patient Event
Low Cut Filter Units 4336 Button 6051
Default Scroll Mode 4337 Reviewing Preferences 6051
-3-
L A B S
Setting the Measurement Tool 6152 Viewing, Editing or Printing Patient Information 9583
To enable super resolution 6152 To open a record for review 9583
Where Files Are Stored 6152 To view multiple records 9583
To set local and network data directories 6152 Moving Through a Record 9684
About QuickMed 6253 To change the montage while reviewing 9987
Logging In 6253 To adjust the paper speed 10088
Adding Users to the System 6354 To check impedance while reviewing 10189
QuickMed Utilities 6555 To find a specific event 10189
Report Templates tab: 6555 Deleting an Event or Comment 10189
Startup tab: 6656 To measure a waveform 10290


Q-Video Setup and Use 6757 To display an amplitude scale bar 10290
Q-Video – Required Components 6858 To split the screen 10290
Optional Components for Q-Video 6858 To choose the display mode 10391
Configuring Your System to Collect Q-Video Data6959 To save/delete selected sections 10492
Q-Video Menu Options 7161 Basic Steps for Reviewing EEG 10694
Data Deletion Menu 7767 Selecting a Record 10694
Windows XP Network Card Configuration 8070 About the EEG Display: 10694
Preparing the Patient 8373 Parameter toolbar: 10694
To start and end a recording 8574 Status bar: 10694
To append a patient record 8675 Reading the EEG Record: 10694
To check impedance 8775 To Print the EEG: 10997
To perform calibration 8776 Closing the EEG Record: 10997
To enter an event and/or comment 8776 Bookmarks 10997
Timer 8876 Bookmarking Selected Sections 10997
To change the montage while recording 8977 Reviewing Bookmarks 11098
To use the review window while recording 8977 Deleting Bookmarks 11199
To use flash stimulation 8977 Printing Bookmarks 11199
Viewing Live Mode 9078 Printing 112100
Summary of Basic EEG Recording Steps 9178 To print a record 112100
Using the Optional Patient Event Button 9280 EEG Reports 113101
Using the EEG Timer Control 9380 Creating Report Headers 113101
Modifying Trace Properties 9481 Generating EEG Reports 114102
To unlink a trace 9481 LOGGING IN 115103
Reviewing EEG 9583 DEFINING SLEEP MONTAGES 116104
-4-
L A B S
Suggested Trace Properties: 116104 Snoring Event Detection 153141
CREATING A SLEEP MONTAGE 117105 SLEEP EVENTS 154142
Excluding a Channel: 118106 CUSTOMIZE SLEEP REPORT HEADER 155143
Overlapping Two Channels: 118106 STAGING PERSONALITIES 156144
DC DEVICE SETUP (for PSG studies) 119107 SCORING A SLEEP RECORD 161149
INPUT REPLACEMENT (step 1) 119107 All Night Summary Screen 162150
DEVICE DEFINITION (step 2) 120108 All Night Summary Screen Features 165153
DEVICE CALIBRATION (step 3) 122110 Menu Options 165153
ASSIGNING THE DEVICE TO ITS DC INPUT (step All Night Summary Channels 168156
4) 123111 VIEWING DC TRACES 170158
Sample PSG Montage with Internal Oximeter 124112 DC TRACE VALUES 170158
Sample PSG Montage with External Oximeter 125113 DC TRACE SCALING 172159
Setup for 2 DC Amplifiers 126114 INVERTING THE DC TRACE 172159
Starting a sleep study 127115 SMOOTHING THE DC TRACE 173160
DISPLAYING A SaO2 TREND BAR 128116 SCORING SLEEP STAGES 173160
ADDING SLEEP EVENTS DURING RECORDING129117 Entering Lights Out/On 173160
SLEEP SCORING OPTIONS 130118 Entering Staging: 175161
DETECTION SETTINGS 130118 Manual Staging 176162
SaO2 Tab 131119 Auto-Staging 176162
Detection Settings: 131119 MARKING SLEEP EVENTS 177163
CPAP/Bilevel TAB 132120 ENTERING SLEEP EVENTS 177163
Montage Properties Settings for CPAP Pressure How To Enter A Sleep Event 177163
Devices: 132120 AUTO-DETECTING SLEEP EVENTS 181166
Apnea/Hypopnea TAB 133121 CLEARING ALL SCORING 184169
Desaturations TAB 135123 PSG PRINTOUTS 185170
Heart Rate TAB 137125 REPORT TEMPLATES 185170
PLMS TAB 140128 PRINTING THE REPORT 186171
Snoring TAB 143131 Exiting the Report Window 186171
Staging TAB 144132 REPORT TEXT FILES 187171
UNDERSTANDING SLEEP EVENT DETECTION147135 Sleep Reports 188172
Oximetry Event Detection 147135 Reports - Sleep Staging Data 188172
Respiratory Event Detection 148136 Reports - Respiratory Data 191175
PLM Event Detection 150138 Reports - Oximetry Data 192176
Cardiac Event Detection 151139 Reports - Periodic Limb Movement Data 194178
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L A B S
Reports - Cardiac Data 195179 Exporting 229213
Reports - Arousal Data 196180 Specifications 230214
Reports - Body Position Data 197181 Local Patient Identification 230214
Reports - Snoring Data 197181 Local Recording Identification 230214
SCORER TO SCORER ANALYSIS 198182 Label 230214
GENERAL MAINTENANCE 203187 Transducer Type 230214
Compacting/Repairing Sleep Score Files 203187 Prefiltering 231215
Updating the Scorer List 203187 Reserved 231215
INFANT SLEEP SCORING 204188 Tips and Tricks 231215
Detection of Periodic Breathing 205189 Alphanumeric Keyboard Shortcuts 231215
Detection of pH Events 207191 To display the EEG/PSG file properties 231215
Sample Infant Report: 209193 Enabling Live Mode 232216
Configuring the Easy II System for Infant Data Trace Activity Monitor 232216
Collection/Review 211195 Safety 233217
Infant Montage Creation 211195 ELECTRICAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS &
Archiving 217201 ALLOWABLE IEC 60601-1-1 SYSTEM
Archive Device Setup 217201 CONFIGURATIONS 233217
Archiving 219203 GENERAL DISCUSSION 233217
Restoring an Archived Record 221205 ALLOWABLE CADWELL SYSTEM
Managing Archived DVD/CDs 222206 CONFIGURATIONS 233217
Accessing the Archive Database 222206 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 234218
To Add CD data to the Database 222206 GENERAL WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS 234218
To Delete a Name From the Database 223207 DEFINITIONS 234218
Archive Database Transfer 223207 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
Record Management 224208 INFORMATION & IEC 60601-1-2 COMPLIANCE236220
Deleting Data 224208 List of Easy II Cables and Accessories 236220
Reference Information 225209 Easy II Electromagnetic Emissions 237221
Record Status Designations 225209 Easy II Electromagnetic Immunity 238222
Utilities 226210 Easy II Electromagnetic Immunity 239223
To Backup/Restore User Settings 226210 Easy II Electromagnetic Immunity 240224
Primary EEG Amplifier Selection 227211 EASY II EQUIPMENT RATING 241225
Control Panel Access 228212 Cleaning the Easy II System 241225
Exporting EEG Data to European Data Format - EDF229213 Cleaning the Easy II System and Components 242226
Overview 229213 Environment 243227
-6-
L A B S
Factory Calibration, Preventive Inspection, Easy II DC Amplifier Modules, Warnings and

Maintenance 243227 Cautions 33
Technical Support - Troubleshooting 244228 Connecting and Setting Up the Easy II Hardware37
Additional Setup Supplies 244228 Preparing the Patient 38

Contact Information 244228 Setting Up 39
Warranty 245229 -General Preferences 39
Easy II Specifications: 246230 Constant Graticule Width 39

General Warnings and Cautions 8 Trace Band Overlap 39
Unpacking Computer Hardware 10 Paper Speed Units 40
Easy II Installation Checklist 11 To set the paper speed units 40
Easy II Amplifier 12 Low Cut Filter Units 40
Easy II Amplifier Details 13 To set the low cut filter units 40
Easy II Amplifier LEDs 15 Default Scroll Mode 40
Easy II Amplifier Symbols 17 To set the default scroll mode 40
Easy II Amplifier Warnings and Cautions 18 Event Mark Style 41
Easy II Remote Input Box 20 To set the event mark style 41
Easy II Remote Input Box – Layout 20 Calibrate Screen Size 41
Remote Input Box Details 20 To calibrate the screen size 41

Easy II Remote Input Box Warnings and Cautions21 Page Length/Numbering 41
Easy II Photic Stimulator 22 To set the page length for page numbers 41
Photic Stimulator Details 22 Manual Flash Stimulator Rates 42

Easy II Photic Stimulator Symbols 22 To set the manual flash stimulator rates 42
Easy II Photic Stimulator - Warnings and Cautions23 The Display 43
Easy II Power Communications Module 25 Overview of Screen Colors 43
Power Communications Module Details 25 To set the screen colors 44
Easy II Power Communication Module Symbols 26 To create a custom screen color 44
Easy II Power Communications Module - Customizing the Toolbars 44
Warnings and Cautions 27 System Calibration 45
Easy II Hardware Cable Connection Illustration 29 To set the calibration signal amplitude and
Easy II Cables 30 frequency 45
DC Amplifier Details 31 Event Keys 45
Easy II DC Amplifier - LEDs 32 To program a custom event key 45
Easy II DC Amplifier Symbols 32 Overview of Pre-Defined Event Keys 46
-7-
L A B S
To assign a priority level to a pre-defined event Adding Users to the System 60

key 46 QuickMed Utilities 61
Creating and Editing Montages 46 Report Templates tab: 61
Trace Properties 47 Startup tab: 62
Remontaging 48 To start and end a recording 63
Montage Guidelines 48 To append a patient record 64
Montages for Active/Reference Pair Electrodes 49 To check impedance 65
Average References 50 To perform calibration 65
To create a new montage 51 To enter an event and/or comment 65
To create an average reference 52 Timer 66
To define a flash stimulation marker channel 52 To change the montage while recording 66
Programming the Montage Keys 53 To use the review window while recording 66
Flash Stimulator Auto-Sequence Programs 53 To use flash stimulation 67
To create a flash stimulator auto-sequence Viewing Live Mode 67
program 53 Summary of Basic EEG Recording Steps 68
Recording Preferences 54 Using the Optional Patient Event Button 69
To set the notch filter frequency and on/off control54 Using the EEG Timer Control 70
To set the sample rate 55 Modifying Trace Properties 71

To set default sensitivity and filter values for linked To adjust sensitivity and filter values for linked
traces 55 traces 71
To enable live mode 55 To unlink a trace 71

To adjust the initial activity monitor volume 56 Reviewing EEG 72
To set the default montage 56 Viewing, Editing or Printing Patient Information 72
To Set the default paper speed 56 To open a record for review 72
To Set the COM Port for the Optional Patient To view multiple records 72
Event Button 56 Moving Through a Record 73
Reviewing Preferences 57 To change the montage while reviewing 76
To set event priority during review 57 To adjust the paper speed 77
Setting the Measurement Tool 57 To check impedance while reviewing 78
To enable super resolution 57 To find a specific event 78
Where Files Are Stored 58 Deleting an Event or Comment 78
To set local and network data directories 58 To measure a waveform 79
About QuickMed 58 To display an amplitude scale bar 79
Logging In 59 To split the screen 79
-8-
L A B S
To choose the display mode 80 Sample PSG Montage with External Oximeter 103
To save/delete selected sections 81 Starting a sleep study 105
Basic Steps for Reviewing EEG 83 DISPLAYING A SaO2 TREND BAR 106
Selecting a Record 83 ADDING SLEEP EVENTS DURING RECORDING107
About the EEG Display: 83 SLEEP SCORING OPTIONS 108
Parameter toolbar: 83 DETECTION SETTINGS 108
Status bar: 83 SaO2 Tab 109
83 Detection Settings: 109
Reading the EEG Record: 83 CPAP/Bilevel TAB 110
To Print the EEG: 86 Montage Properties Settings for CPAP Pressure
Closing the EEG Record: 86 Devices: 110
Bookmarks 86 Apnea/Hypopnea TAB 111
Bookmarking Selected Sections 86 Desaturations TAB 113
Reviewing Bookmarks 87 Heart Rate TAB 115
Deleting Bookmarks 88 PLMS TAB 118
Printing Bookmarks 88 Snoring TAB 121
Printing 89 Staging TAB 122
To print a record 89 SLEEP EVENTS 125

EEG Reports 90 CUSTOMIZE SLEEP REPORT HEADER 126
Creating Report Headers 90 STAGING PERSONALITIES 127
Generating EEG Reports 91 SCORING A SLEEP RECORD 132

LOGGING IN 92 VIEWING DC TRACES 133
DEFINING SLEEP MONTAGES 93 DC TRACE VALUES 133
Suggested Trace Properties: 93 DC TRACE SCALING 134
CREATING A SLEEP MONTAGE 94 INVERTING THE DC TRACE 134
Excluding a Channel: 95 SMOOTHING THE DC TRACE 135
Overlapping Two Channels: 95 SCORING SLEEP STAGES 135
DC DEVICE SETUP (for PSG studies) 96 Entering Lights Out/On 136
INPUT REPLACEMENT (step 1) 96 Entering Staging: 137
DEVICE DEFINITION (step 2) 97 Manual Staging 138
DEVICE CALIBRATION (step 3) 99 Auto-Staging 138
ASSIGNING THE DEVICE TO ITS DC INPUT MARKING SLEEP EVENTS 139
(step 4) 101 ENTERING SLEEP EVENTS 139
Sample PSG Montage with Internal Oximeter 102 How To Enter A Sleep Event 139
-9-
L A B S
AUTO-DETECTING SLEEP EVENTS 143 Utilities 177

CLEARING ALL SCORING 145 To Backup/Restore User Settings 177
PSG PRINTOUTS 146 Primary EEG Amplifier Selection 178
REPORT TEMPLATES 146 Control Panel Access 179
PRINTING THE REPORT 147 Exporting EEG Data to European Data Format -
Exiting the Report Window 147 EDF 180
REPORT TEXT FILES 148 Overview 180
SCORER TO SCORER ANALYSIS 149 Exporting 180
GENERAL MAINTENANCE 154 Specifications 181
Compacting/Repairing Sleep Score Files 154 Local Patient Identification 181
Updating the Scorer List 154 Local Recording Identification 181
INFANT SLEEP SCORING 155 Label 181
Detection of Periodic Breathing 156 Transducer Type 181
Detection of pH Events 158 Prefiltering 182
Sample Infant Report: 160 Reserved 182
Configuring the Easy II System for Infant Data Tips and Tricks 182
Collection/Review 162 Alphanumeric Keyboard Shortcuts 182
Infant Montage Creation 162 To display the EEG/PSG file properties 182
Archiving 168 Enabling Live Mode 183
Archive Device Setup 168 Trace Activity Monitor 183
Archiving 170 Safety 184

Restoring an Archived Record 172 ELECTRICAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS &
Managing Archived DVD/CDs 173 ALLOWABLE IEC 60601-1-1 SYSTEM
Accessing the Archive Database 173 CONFIGURATIONS 184
To Add CD data to the Database 173 GENERAL DISCUSSION 184
To Delete a Name From the Database 174 ALLOWABLE CADWELL SYSTEM
Archive Database Transfer 174 CONFIGURATIONS 184
To Print the Contents of a Full CD 175 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 185
Record Management 175 GENERAL WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS 185
To transfer a record between local and network DEFINITIONS 185
directories 175 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
Deleting Data 175 INFORMATION & IEC 60601-1-2 COMPLIANCE187
Reference Information 176 List of Easy II Cables and Accessories 187
Record Status Designations 176 Easy II Electromagnetic Emissions 188
- 10 -
L A B S
Easy II Electromagnetic Immunity 189 Factory Calibration, Preventive Inspection,

Easy II Electromagnetic Immunity 190 Maintenance 194
Easy II Electromagnetic Immunity 191 Technical Support - Troubleshooting 195
EASY II EQUIPMENT RATING 192 Additional Setup Supplies 195
Cleaning the Easy II System 192 Contact Information 195
Cleaning the Easy II System and Components 193 Warranty 196
Environment 194 Easy II Specifications: 197
- 11 -
E A S Y I I M A N U A L F U L L D R A F T . D O C E A S Y I I P S G / E E G S Y S T E M – C A D W E L L L A B S
General Warnings and Cautions

Federal law restricts sale of this system to, or on the order of, a physician.
Do not immerse the amplifier, remote input box, power-communications module,

flash stimulator, and system cables in liquid.
No user serviceable parts inside. Service by Cadwell Laboratories, Inc. and other
authorized bodies only.
Use extreme caution when electro-cautery or similar equipment is used as burns
may appear under electrodes as current seeks an alternate return path.
Easy II must be disconnected from the patient when electrical stimulators are used.
Inspect cables before and after each use. Discard cable if insulation is damaged or
if the cable or connectors are damaged in any manner.
The operator must be trained to be able to recognize the difference between signal
artifacts and valid bio-signals caused by movements, interference, or misplacement
of sensors or electrodes.
The proper use of this device for its intended purpose can only be assured once all
instructions have been read and understood. If there are any questions regarding
the operation of the Easy system, contact Cadwell Laboratories.
The system is not defibrillator proof.
Do not use the system in an MRI environment.
Cleaning instructions in this manual need to be strictly adhered to. Always

disconnect equipment from power source and patient before cleaning.
The system is not designed to operate in an explosive environment.
The system is designed to be used with one patient at a time. Do not connect
multiple patients to one amplifier.
When attaching the Easy II system to a recording subject, verify that the subject will
not become entangled in the wires. Do not allow the electrode wires to wrap
around the subjects neck.
The manual provides an operational summary for the Easy II system. It does not
provide clinical training. It is assumed that the user has adequate clinical training to
perform procedures such as applying electrodes according to the International 10-
20 system.
Page 12 of 251
GENERAL WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS – CONTINUED
The use of the Cadwell Easy II flash stimulator may induce seizures in epileptics or
people prone to epilepsy. Persons who are photosensitive to light may have
convulsions, seizures, or a myoclonic reaction to the photic stimulator. The
operator must be trained to recognize EEG waveforms and patient symptoms that
are consistent with a patient’s reaction to photic stimulation. The operator must
follow laboratory medical policies and procedures when using the flash stimulator
to care for the patient undergoing photic stimulation.
The Cadwell Easy II photic stimulator must be at least 30 cm away from the
patient’s eyes. If used on an anesthetized patient a means should be provided to
ensure that the eye lids remain closed.
The Easy II amplifier inputs are Type CF rated. CF rating ensures that no current
higher than 50uA flows to or from the applied part if mains voltage is inadvertently
connected to the patient. All EasyNet module connections are BF Rated.
Page 13 of 251
1
Chapter
Unpacking Hardware
This chapter will provide instructions for unpacking and setting up
your new Easy II® system.
T
he Easy II system is comprised of several system
components. Your particular configuration of equipment may include amplifier
hardware, cables, sensors, video equipment, and computer hardware. Multiple modules
and components can be purchased from Cadwell to configure your system to collect
EEG, polysomnographic (PSG), long term monitoring (LTM), and ambulatory data.
Inspect your shipping documentation. Verify that you have accounted for all boxes and
components shipped to you from Cadwell Labs.
NOTE  If the total number of boxes delivered to your facility does not match the total number of
boxes listed on your shipping documents, please contact Customer Service at Cadwell
Labs.
Carefully unpack all hardware. Verify that you have completely removed all hardware, cables,
and documentation from each box. Place all documentation and shipping lists in a safe location
for future reference.
Your Cadwell authorized installer will connect all equipment to the Easy computer and verify that
your system is properly configured.
Unpacking Computer Hardware

If you have purchased your computer hardware from Cadwell Labs all Easy software has been
previously installed by our configuration team. Please take note of the following comments.
Inspect your shipping documentation. Verify you have accounted for all boxes and
components shipped to you from Cadwell Labs. Please complete all product registration forms
and return them to each hardware manufacturer as specified.
Your Cadwell authorized installer will setup your new computer hardware during the system
installation and training session. In preparation for your new hardware, please consider the
following issues outlined below:
Page 14 of 251
Easy II Installation Checklist
Preparing for Equipment Installation Yes/No
1. Have you notified your hospital Bio-Med and/or IT

department of the scheduled installation of your new
Easy system?
2. Have you cleared the area where the Easy hardware and
computer hardware will be installed? Have you cleared
enough space for the computer, monitor, printer, system
cart, etc..
3. Are all boxes and documentation accessible to the

Cadwell authorized installation team?
4. Do you have adequate AC power receptacles adjacent to

the computer and amplifier setup area?
5. If a network connection is required, is a network

receptacle adjacent to the computer hardware?
6. If cabling must be run between amplifiers and computer

hardware, please verify that all cables have been installed.
Verify that an adequate amount of cable is available to
connect to all equipment.
7. If video equipment must be installed, please have staff

available to install and mount camera hardware at the
direction of the Cadwell installation team.
8. Do you need to have your hospital safety team inspect

the configuration and setup of your new Easy II system?
Page 15 of 251
2
Easy II Hardware Chapter
This chapter will provide an overview of your new Easy II

hardware.
T
he Easy II system is comprised of several system components. Your particular
configuration of equipment may include amplifier hardware, cables, sensors, video
equipment, and computer hardware.
Easy II Amplifier
The Easy II amplifier can be used to collect up to 32
channels of EEG and/or polysomnographic data.
EEG electrodes can be plugged into the connectors on the

top of the amplifier, or plugged into a remote input box.
The input connectors are designed for 0.059-inch (1.5mm)
diameter molded safety connectors.
The Easy II Amplifier connects to a Power Com module with a 3 meter cable.
Page 16 of 251
The Easy II 10-20 Remote Input Box plugs into the remote input box connector on the side of
the Easy II amplifier.
EEG electrodes can be plugged into the inputs on the top of the amplifier or into a remote
input box. The input connectors are designed for 0.059-inch (1.5mm) diameter molded
safety connectors.
Easy II Amplifier Details
EEG Amplifier Inputs 32 Channel Configuration:

(all input connectors are designed for 25 EEG only channels and 7 channels
0.059-inch (1.5mm) diameter molded which are switchable between individual
safety connectors) active/reference pairs and EEG channels
Active Reference Pair Inputs 7 inputs on the 32 channel amplifier

(all input connectors are designed for
0.059-inch (1.5mm) diameter molded
safety connectors)
Noise < 2 uV
DC Inputs 4 (+10/- 5V)
Common Mode Rejection 100 Db at 50 or 60 Hz
Low Cut Filter 5 steps between 0.032 – 10 Hz

(0.16, 0.53, 1, 1.6, 10 for EEG inputs)
High Cut Filter 5 steps between 15 – 70 Hz

(15, 35, 50, 70)
Page 17 of 251
EASY II AMPLIFIER DETAILS – CONTINUED
Sensitivity Settings 15 steps between 0.5 – 300 uV/mm

(1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 70, 100,
150, 200, 300)
Sampling Rate 2400 Hz per channel
Storage Rate 200 Hz per channel
Differential Input Impedance 20K M ohm
A/D Conversion System 16 bit A/D Conversion System
Transport and Storage Limits Temperature:

(ambient conditions) Do not expose to temperatures below -
20º C (-4º F) or above 65º C (149º F)
Relative Humidity:
Do not expose to relative humidity below
10% or above 90% non-condensing
Atmospheric Pressure:
500 hPa to 1060 hPa
Operational Limits Temperature:

(ambient conditions) +10º C (+50º F) to +40º C (+104º F)
Relative Humidity:
30% - 75%
Atmospheric Pressure:
700 hPa to 1060 hPa
LEDs  Power LED

 Ethernet Link LED
 Ethernet Data Transfer LED
Page 18 of 251
EASY II AMPLIFIER DETAILS – CONTINUED
Connectors Easy II Amplifier connectors:

1 1. EEG Electrode Inputs (0.059-
inch (1.5mm) diameter molded
safety connectors), located on the
2 top panel of the amplifier box.
2. ISO GND Inputs (0.059-inch
3
(1.5mm) diameter molded safety
connectors), located on the top
of the amplifier.
3. Active Reference Pair Inputs
(0.059-inch (1.5mm) diameter
4 molded safety connectors),
located on the top panel of the
amplifier.
4. Remote Input Box Connector
(recessed 50 pin mini-D
connector) located on the side of
the amplifier.
Easy II Amplifier LEDs
Power LED
Two Power LEDs are used on the Easy II

system.
The Easy II Amplifier power LED is located

on the side of the amplifier. The Power
LED indicates that the amplifier is receiving
power for the Power/Com Module. Note
the power LED displayed to the right.
The Easy II Power/Com Module has a

power LED displayed on the back right side.
The LED indicates that the Power/Com
module is on or off.
Page 19 of 251
EASY II AMPLIFIER LEDs - CONTINUED
Easy II Amplifier Connection Status

LEDs
LED 1 indicates a network link.
LED 2 indicates data transfer.
Easy II Amplifier Symbols
Symbol Description
Refer to manual or setup guide.
Power
Type BF
Amplifier Input Connector
Headphones
Patient Input Connector
Page 20 of 251
Easy II Amplifier Warnings and Cautions
Do not immerse the amplifier, remote input box, power-communications module,

flash stimulator, and system cables in liquid.

No user serviceable parts inside the Easy II Amplifier. Service by Cadwell

Laboratories, Inc. and other authorized bodies only.
The amplifier is not defibrillator proof.
Use only Cadwell approved mounting hardware to attach the Easy II amplifier to an
articulating arm.
Use only Cadwell approved cables.
Page 21 of 251
EASY II AMPLIFIER WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS - CONTINUED
The system is designed to be used with one patient at a time. Do not connect
multiple patients to one amplifier.
The Easy II amplifier inputs are Type CF rated. CF rating ensures that no current
higher than 50uA flows to or from the applied part if mains voltage is inadvertently
connected to the patient.
Use caution when extending, moving, or adjusting the Easy II Amplifier Arm.
Verify that your hand and fingers will not be pinched in the connectors, articulating
and extending joints on the Amplifier Arm.
Conductive parts of electrodes and their connectors, including the neutral electrode,
should not contact other conductive parts including earth.
Page 22 of 251
Easy II Remote Input Box

Remote Input Boxes are labeled with inputs from the International 10-20 System.
The remote input box connects to the Easy II Amplifier with a detachable 3 meter (10 ft.) cable.
Easy II Remote Input Box – Layout
Easy II Remote Input Box

(10:20 Layout) Easy II Remote Input Box connectors:
EEG Electrode Inputs (0.059-inch (1.5mm) diameter

molded safety connectors), located on the top panel of the
amplifier box.
Remote Input Box Details
32 Channel Configuration 25 EEG only channels and 7 active/reference

pair inputs with 0.059-inch (1.5mm) diameter
molded safety connectors. A recessed 50 pin
mini-D connector is used for the remote input
box cable.
Remote Input Box Cable (3 m.) Each cable has a 50 pin, locking mini-D
connector at each end of the cable.
Page 23 of 251
Easy II Remote Input Box Warnings and Cautions
Do not immerse the remote input box and cables in liquid.

No user serviceable parts inside the Easy II remote input box. Service by Cadwell
The Easy II remote Input Box inputs are Type CF rated. CF rating ensures that no
current higher than 50uA flows to or from the applied part if mains voltage is
inadvertently connected to the patient.
Page 24 of 251
Easy II Photic Stimulator
The Easy II Photic Stimulator is designed to attach to a photic

stimulator arm mounted on a trolley/cart. The photic stimulator has a 4 meter cable that
connects to the Cadwell Power Com Module.
Photic Stimulator Details

Flash Rate/Intensity 1 – 25 Hz/0.72 J/flash
LEDs I – Power
Connector 15 pin mini-D
Cable 4 meter cable with 9 pin sub mini-D

connector
Easy II Photic Stimulator Symbols
Symbol Description
Power supply input
Power
Type BF
Page 25 of 251
Easy II Photic Stimulator - Warnings and Cautions
Do not immerse the photic stimulator or its cable in liquid.

No user serviceable parts inside the Easy II photic stimulator. Service by Cadwell
When using the Easy II photic stimulator on a Cadwell Photic Stimulator Arm, do
not allow the arm or photic to come in contact with the patient.
Use caution when extending, moving, or adjusting the Cadwell Photic Stimulator
Arm. Verify that your hand and fingers will not be pinched in the connectors,
articulating and extending joints on the Photic Stimulator Arm.
Page 26 of 251
EASY II PHOTIC STIMULATOR - WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS – CONTINUED
Page 27 of 251
EASY II PHOTIC STIMULATOR - WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS – CONTINUED
The Photic stimulator is not intended for patient connection, but meets IEC 60601-
1 leakage requirements in normal and single fault conditions. The photic stimulator
is appropriate for use in the patient environment.
Page 28 of 251
Page 29 of 251
Easy II Power Communications Module

The Power-Communications (power com) Module is the central connection point for the
Easy II hardware. The amplifier and photic stimulator hardware plug into the power/com
module. The module has a thumb screw on the back panel to allow a ground cable to reduce
noise.
Power Communications Module Details
Connectors AC Input – 100-240 VAC, 1 AMP Max,

50-60 Hz
Ethernet – Isolated 10/100 Base T,

Straight-through RJ-45
Amplifier – 24 pin, submini-D connector.
Auxiliary – 15 pin, submini-D connector

for photic stimulator.
LED Power On/Off LED
Cable 4 meter cable with 15 pin sub mini-D

connectors
Page 30 of 251
Easy II Power Communication Module Symbols
Symbol Description
Potential Equalization Conductor Connector (phillips

screw)
Signal In
Signal Out
Risk of Electrical Shock
Amplifier
Power
Page 31 of 251
Easy II Power Communications Module - Warnings and

Cautions
Do not immerse the power communications module or its cables in liquid.
A possible shock hazard can be created by the summation of leakage currents when
several equipments are interconnected.

No user serviceable parts inside the Easy II Power Communications Module.

Service by Cadwell Laboratories, Inc. and other authorized bodies only.
Page 32 of 251
EASY II POWER COMMUNICATIONS MODULE - WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS – CONTINUED
Potential Equalization terminal may only be used for noise reduction. Potential
equalization terminal DOES NOT qualify as a redundant protective earth
connection for non medical electrical equipment.
The Power Com Module is not intended for patient connection, but meets IEC
60601-1 leakage requirements in normal and single fault conditions. The Power
Com Module is appropriate for use in the patient environment.
Page 33 of 251
Easy II Hardware Cable Connection Illustration
The illustration displayed above shows the various cables (and cable length) that can be used with
the Easy II system.
Page 34 of 251
Easy II Cables
Easy II Cables Description Length
Remote Input box Cable Used to connect the remote input box to the Easy II 3 Meters
Amplifier.
(9.8 ft.)
Easy II Amplifier Cable Used to connect the Easy II Amplifier to the Power 4.5 Meters
Communications Module. This cable has a 24 pin, submini-D
connector on each end of the cable. (15 ft.)
Easy II Photic Cable Used to connect the Easy II Photic Stimulator to the Power 4.5 Meters
Communications Module. This cable has a 15 pin, submini-
D connector on each end of the cable. (15 ft.)
AC Power Cord Used to connect power to the Power Communications 2.4 Meters
Module
(8 ft.)
Cat 5 Cable Ethernet cable use to connect Power Communications Maximum

Module to Easy network card in computer. This cable is a length 325 ft.
straight-through RJ-45, Cat 5 cable.
Page 35 of 251
3
Chapter
Easy II DC Amplifier
This chapter will provide an overview of the Easy II DC Amplifier
used the Easy II Amplifier.
T
he Easy II DC amplifier can be
configured to collect multiple channels
such as body position, SpO2
(oximetry), and pulse rate. The
amplifier also has 4 DC input connectors.
DC Amplifier Details
DC Amplifier Placed adjacent to Used to determine body position during

Easy II EEG recording. The amplifier has a body
amplifier. position sensor input that interfaces
with body position sensors sold by third
party providers (ProTech, SleeepMate).
The amplifier also has an internal
oximeter and additional DC inputs.
Connectors
 One Sub D 9 pin connector for
oximetry input.
 One Sub D 15 pin connector for
auxiliary input.
 One RJ45 connector for body
position sensor input.
 4 - 1/8 inch female stereo
connectors.
Page 36 of 251
Easy II DC Amplifier - LEDs

DC Amplifier LED Description
Power On The power on LED indicates that the unit is receiving
power from the power-communications module.
Easy II DC Amplifier Symbols
Symbol Description
Type BF
Signal In
Signal Out
Power
Page 37 of 251
Easy II DC Amplifier Modules, Warnings and Cautions
Federal law restricts sale of this system to, or on the order of, a physician.
High levels of static discharge can cause a momentary pause in data collection.
The operator must be trained to setup and prepare patients for recording.
Do not immerse cables in liquid.
Cleaning instructions in this manual need to be strictly adhered to.
Use only Nonin SpO2 sensors with the Easy II DC Amplifier. Though Cadwell has
tested the Nonin 8000J sensor with the EasyNet SpO2 module, other sensors have
not been tested or validated.
The operator must be trained to be able to recognize the difference between
signal artifact and valid bio-signals caused by movements, interference, or
misplacement of sensors or electrodes.
When attaching the Easy system to a recording subject, verify that the subject will
around the subject’s neck.
Check the oximeter sensor application site frequently to determine the circulation,
positioning, and skin sensitivity of the patient. Each patient’s sensitivity to sensors
may vary depending on their medical status or condition of their skin.
Discontinue using any module or sensor if the patient exhibits any allergic reactions
to adhesive or materials.
When applying tape for the oximeter sensor, do not stretch the adhesive tape. This
may cause inaccurate readings or skin blisters.
Page 38 of 251
4
Chapter
Easy II System Cart
ConfigurationCart
Configuration
Cadwell offers multiple cart configurations. Our carts are designed to assist
you in moving your Easy II system as needed.
Y
ou can configure your Easy II hardware on a variety of carts and trolleys from Cadwell.
We offer the following options for you:
1. Wide Trolley – This trolley (displayed to the right) is 38”H x 29”D x 30”W. The
cart is shipped pre-assembled (U.S. shipments only). The wide trolley has multiple
adjustable height
shelves, mounting
brackets for amplifier
or flash stimulator
articulating arms. An
optional LDC
mounting bracket is
available also. This
cart is designed to
handle large monitors,
computers, and
printers. The cart
also has several
options such as an
accessory bag,
isolation transformer,
and an extending
keyboard tray.
Contact Cadwell to
discuss all the options
that are available for
this trolley.
Page 39 of 251
2. Narrow Trolley - This trolley is 38”H x 29”D x 24”W. The cart is shipped pre-
assembled (U.S. shipments only). The narrow trolley has multiple adjustable height
shelves, mounting brackets for amplifier or flash stimulator articulating arms. An
optional LDC mounting bracket is available also. This cart is designed to help you
maneuver your Easy system in environments were space is limited. The cart also has
several options such as an accessory bag, storage bin, isolation transformer, and an
extending keyboard tray. Contact Cadwell to discuss all the options that are available
for this trolley.
Page 40 of 251
5
Chapter
Easy II Set Up - General
Preferences
The chapter will provide an overview of setting up your Easy II system.
T
he following equipment is needed to prepare for data
collection:
 Easy II Amplifier/Power Com/Connecting Cables

 Easy Remote Input Box and EEG Electrodes
 Easy Remote Input Box Cable
 Photic Stimulator and Cable
 Setup Supplies (skin prep, electrode paste, gauze)
 Easy II Computer
Setting Up -General Preferences
Constant Graticule Width

Select this option if you would like to equally space the major graticule division lines
displayed in the trace window. This setting will force the display of the equally spaced
division lines irregardless of the displayed paper speed.
1 Select Options from the View pull-down menu.
2 Click the General tab.
3 Click the Constant Graticule Width box if you want the major graticule divisions
equally spaced on the display regardless of the paper speed.
Do not click the box if you want the major graticule divisions to always represent
one-second time intervals for each paper speed.
4 Click OK to save.
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Trace Band Overlap

EEG traces often print over the
traces surrounding them. The trace
band overlap determines the
percentage that a trace can overlap the
one immediately above or below it.

3 In the Trace Band Overlap box, enter a value up to 50%.
4 Click OK to save.
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Paper Speed Units

To set the paper speed units
3 In the Paper Speed Units box, click either mm/s or sec/page.
4 Click OK to save.
Note: If you use mm/s, you will be able to select 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, or 150 mm/s on the display.
If you use sec/page, you will be able to select 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 60 sec/page on the
display.
Low Cut Filter Units

To set the low cut filter units
3 In the Low Cut Units box, click either Time Constant or Hz.
4 Click OK to save.
Note: If you use Time Constant, you will be able to select 0.016, 0.100, 0.160, 0.302, 1.000, and
8.000 seconds. (8.000 not available on Easy II amplifier) If you choose Hz, the
selectable on-screen values will be 0.02, 0.16, 0.53, 1.00, 1.60, and 10.0 hertz. (0.02 not
available on Easy II amplifier)
Default Scroll Mode

To set the default scroll mode
3 In the Default Scroll Mode box, select Scroll or Sweep.
4 Click OK to save.
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Event Mark Style

To set the event mark style
3 In the Event Mark Style box,box select Tick Mark to display a
short line adjacent to the event. Select Full Height (displayed to
the right) to display a dotted line over the waveform data.
4 Click OK to save.
Calibrate Screen Size

To calibrate the screen size
3 Click Calibrate Screen Size to open the Screen Size dialog box.
4 Using a ruler, adjust the colored bar so it is 30 mm long on your screen. This will
ensure an accurate display of EEG in actual size mode.
5 Click OK to close the Screen Size dialog box. Then click OK to save.
Page Length/Numbering
To set the page length for page numbers
Users can select the number of seconds to use as the page length for numbering
purposes. The default is 10 s/pg or 30 mm/sec, but any of the system paper speeds can
be selected. However, if the record is opened for sleep scoring, this setting is ignored and
30 second epochs are used.
1 Select Options from the File pull down menu.
2 Select the General tab.
3 Click the down arrow in the Number Pages Every box.
4 Select the desired page length from the pull down menu displayed in step 3.
5 Click OK to save.
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Manual Flash Stimulator Rates

To set the manual flash stimulator rates
1. Select Options from the View pull-down list.
2. Select the Flash Rates tab.
3. To enter a new flash rate, type a number between 0.0 and 25.0 in the Add Rate to List
box, then press the button.
4. To delete a rate, highlight the value then press the Remove Selected button. Doing
this allows the Manual mode to "jump" to pre-selected values.
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The Display
Overview of Screen Colors

The Easy system's color editor allows you to customize the on-screen presentation of
your EEG data. You can select from a standard color palette or create your own colors.
Color changes can be made to the following items appearing in the EEG record:
Item Description
Event Cursor Vertical line that marks location on the EEG record
where an event or comment is to be entered.
Event Mark Vertical dashed line or tick mark that appears on the
EEG record when an event is entered.
Event Text Text that appears with the event mark when an event
key is pressed or a comment is entered.
Graticule Dots Dotted lines that appear between the major graticule
lines in the EEG record.
Graticule Lines Bold vertical lines on the EEG record that represent 1
second of EEG if constant graticule width is set to No.
Linked Trace Color 1- Linked trace waveforms can be set to one of 10 colors.
10 For example, all waveforms recorded from the left side
can be set to one color, and all waveforms recorded
from the right can be set to a second color.
Measurement Ruler Tool used to measure a waveform's frequency, duration,
and amplitude. Consists of small vertical lines that
stretch like an accordion when dragged by the mouse
pointer across the screen.
Measurement Text A waveform's frequency, duration, and amplitude
numbers that are displayed when the measurement ruler
is used.
Miscellaneous Event Vertical marks at the bottom of the review window that
Mark indicate location of miscellaneous events such as
"Stopped."
Montage Event Mark Vertical marks at the bottom of the review window that
indicate location of montage changes.
Parameter Change Vertical marks at the bottom of the review window that
Mark indicate location of parameter changes.
Priority Event Marks Vertical marks at the bottom of the review window that
indicate location of event marks and their priority: High
(5), Medium High (4), Medium (3), Medium Low (2), or
Low (1).
Trace Background The EEG "paper."
Unlinked Trace Color Unlinked trace waveforms can be set to one of 10
1 - 10 colors.
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To set the screen colors

2 Click the General tab, then click the Edit Colors button to open the Color Editor.
3 Highlight the item whose color you want to adjust. (Its current color is displayed in
the Color Solid square.)
4 Click a new color in the Basic colors or Custom colors grid.
5 Click OK to save.
Notes: To restore the default color for an item, select the item and then click the Default button.
To restore default colors for all items, click the Restore All Defaults button.
To create a custom screen color

2 Click the General tab and then click the Edit Colors button to open the Color Editor.
3 In the large color spectrum square, click and drag the cross hairs to a point closely
resembling the desired new color. (The Color Solid square will change color as you
drag.)
4 Fine tune the new color two ways:
Adjust the values in the Hue, Saturation, Luminosity, Red, Green, and Blue boxes.
Change the color richness by dragging the small arrow located next to the vertical
color bar.
5 To store the new color, click an empty square in the Custom colors grid, then click
the Add to Custom Colors button.
6 Click OK to save.
Note: To assign a custom color to a screen item, highlight the item, then click the appropriate
square in the Custom colors grid.
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Customizing the Toolbars

Any toolbar can be moved to another location on the screen, including over the EEG
display:
1 Click a part of the toolbar that is not a button, box, or slider.
2 Drag the outline of the toolbar to its new location.
3 Release the mouse to place the toolbar.
Notes
If you move a horizontal toolbar to the right side of the display, it automatically converts into a
vertical toolbar. The reverse is also true.
You can reshape a toolbar that is over the EEG display by clicking and dragging any of its
edges.
To hide a toolbar, select Toolbars in the View pull-down menu and click the toolbar's name so it
is unchecked. Click it again to display the toolbar.
System Calibration
To set the calibration signal amplitude and frequency
2 Click the Calibration tab.
3 In the Amplitude box, select from 50*, 100, 200, 500, 100, 200 and 5000 uV.
4 In the Frequency box, select from 0.2, 0.5*, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, and 10.0 Hz.
5 Click OK to save.
*Note: Easy II amplifiers are preset to a calibration amplitude of 50 uV and a frequency of 0.5
Hz.
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Event Keys
To program a custom event key

2 Click the Custom Event Keys tab.
3 Enter an event name in the Event Label box.
4 If desired, enter a new priority level (0 to 5) in the Priority box. Default is 3.
5 Click OK to save.
Note: the first three letters of the event name will display on the button in the custom events
toolbar.
Page 49 of 251
Overview of Pre-Defined Event Keys

Pre-defined event keys are assigned the following events:
Key Label Priority

EC Eyes 1
Closed
EO Eyes Open 1
SZ Seizure 5
SLP Sleep 3
BHV Begin HV 1
EHV End HV 1
BLN Blink 1
MOV Movement 1
YWN Yawn 1
ART Artifact 3
When you click a pre-defined event button, the event assigned to it will be entered in the
EEG record. Each event key can have a second event assigned to it. To add an alternate
event, highlight the Event Label and type the second event. To change between the two
events, click the down arrow to the right of the Event Label. Each pre-defined event is
assigned a priority level from 1 (lowest) to 5 (highest). You can assign a new priority level
to a pre-defined event at any time.
NOTE: The pre-defined event keys can be customized with new event names. Select Options from
the View pull-down menu. Click the Pre-Defined Event Keys tab. Highlight the event in
the Event Label box, then type the new event name. Click OK to save.
To assign a priority level to a pre-defined event key

2 Click the Pre-Defined Event Keys tab.
3 Highlight number to change, then type in new number: or use arrows.
Creating and Editing Montages

The EEG recording window always opens with the default montage. (To change the
default montage, select Options from the View pull-down menu, then click the Recording
tab.)
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The AEEGS guidelines suggest you record with the following three classes of montages:
longitudinal bipolar (LB), transverse bipolar (TB), and referential (R). You can use
Montage keys 1 through 6 to apply these montages.
Each time you select a montage, its trace labels appear on the left side of the display, and
its name appears in a button on the parameter toolbar.
Trace Properties
Linked: A linked trace is attached to common sensitivity and filter values. An unlinked
trace has independent sensitivity and filter values.
Visible: A visible trace displays at its channel position in the record. A non-visible trace
does not display in the record, but its place is retained resulting in a "gap" in the record.
Include in Display: This allows a channel to be included in a montage for the purpose
of detection or input validation without needing to use space in the display (a non-display
trace). For example, a PSG technician could “hide” the SaO2 channel while recording
and use only the SaO2 trend display. During review, analysis algorithms would still detect
the SaO2 data even though it was “hidden.” If a channel is not in a montage, that data is
unavailable for any kind of analysis while that montage is in effect. During recording,
non-display traces will not be audible through the Activity Monitor.
Overlap Previous: Two traces in the display can be directly compared by drawing both
along the same baseline. A trace may be drawn over the one immediately above
(preceding) it in the display if:
 It is not the topmost trace in the display
 Neither the current nor preceding trace uses
a DC input
 Both the current and preceding trace are
visible (trace property)
 The preceding trace is not already
overlapping its preceding trace and the next
trace in the display is not overlapping the
current one
 Both the current and preceding trace have defined active inputs
Deleting or inserting a trace into a montage will set the overlap property of the next trace
in the display to false.
Overlapping traces will not change the position of

the labels in the trace label bar. Any additional data
or input will also continue to use the original
position of the trace that is now overlapping the
previous one. For example, sleep event bars or
periodic DC values will still be drawn in the original
position of the trace. The mouse cursor must be
moved into this area to see DC values or to enter a
Page 51 of 251
new sleep event.
Color: Ten linked and ten unlinked trace colors are available for use in the EEG display.
Assign the colors in the color editor dialog (View|Options|General tab).
Associated Sleep Event: Assigns the trace that a sleep event can be scored on.
Data Type for Detection: Identifies the data type of the trace for various sleep analysis
algorithms.
Smooth DC Trace: Smoothes the DC trace'straces's displayed waveform. It does not

affect calculations based on the DC channel.
Remontaging
One major advantage of digital EEG is the ability to remontage. This flexibility is
possible because digital EEG systems store data as a series of numbers that can be
mathematically manipulated to display new filters, sensitivities, and montages.
For the user, the process of creating and using montages is the same for digital and
analog EEGs. The Easy system uses a neutral montage for recording. All EEG input
lines are referenced to the same "recording reference." Math coprocessors subtract one
channel from another to arrive at the display montage.
For example, if your display montage defines channel 1 as Fp1-F7, the Easy system
performs the following calculation:
(Fp1 - Recording Ref) - (F7 - Recording Ref) = Fp1-F7
The ability to perform these calculations is how digital EEGs provide the freedom to
apply new montages without affecting the original recorded data.
Montage Guidelines
 Montages are stored on the local directory when you create them. If your system is
connected to other Easy or Central systems, you can copy or move montages to the
network directory by selecting Record Manager from the File pull-down menu.
Select the Montages tab, highlight the montage, then click the arrow pointing to the
network directory.
o Rules:
 A notch filter setting of ON or OFF can be set only during data
acquisition. The setting is irreversible during the review process.
 When active/reference pairspair's 1A-Ref, etc., are used, their
references cannot be changed during review. Usually these channels
are unlinked and are used to monitor non-EEG signals, such as
ECG, respiration, etc.
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 If an active/reference pair is used, the active electrode cannot be

used in any other channel (i.e., 4A-Ref and 4A-C3 cannot exist in the
same montage).
 Montages used during a recording are permanently saved with the
record. The Easy system saves the montage(s) used during a
recording as part of the record. For example, if an EEG was
recorded using the Linked Ear montage as the first montage, it will
always initially be recalled with that montage displayed.
 Even if you change the montage while reviewing, you can still re-
display the EEG as originally recorded.
Montages for Active/Reference Pair Electrodes

When the Easy system records EEG, a common recording reference signal is used for
most amplifier inputs. The recording reference is selected when you enter the impedance
screen. The Easy system can be set to automatically select the electrode with the lowest
impedance on the head's transverse centerline (A1, T3, C3, Cz, C4, T4, or A2), or the
recording reference can be selected by the user.
Electrode inputs 1A through 7A can be used for recording both EEG and non-EEG
signals such as EMG and EOG. Often you will want to combine inputs 1A through 7A
with their companion reference inputs 1R through 7R. The Easy system also uses the last
active-reference pair for the flash stimulation channel.
When creating or editing a montage, references 1R through 7R are grouped in the
reference input labeled "REF." When you select the REF input, the system automatically
matches the reference number to the corresponding active input number. (1A is matched
to 1R, 2A is matched to 2R, etc.)
For example, if you want to create an ECG channel using inputs 1A- 1R, the display
montage will read 1A-1Ref. The active/reference pair used in the recording (1A-1Ref)
must be reviewed in this configuration. It cannot be re-montaged (for example, 1A-A2)
upon review and display meaningful data.
To use active inputs for defining individual cortical signals, select a reference input other
than Ref; for example, 1A-T4. In this case, the active input would be recorded with the
common recording reference and could be re-montaged upon review. However, if your
montage uses 1A-Ref in one channel, it cannot use 1A-T4 in another. You cannot pair an
active input with the Ref input and the common recording reference in the same
montage.
System-wide standardization should be established for governing the use of additional
inputs 1A-7A.
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Average References
Average references are built by combining several individual reference inputs such as all
of the scalp electrodes or A1 and A2 (linked ears). A Laplacian reference that averages
the three or four nearest neighbors of the active input is predefined on the system and
accessed by the Nav button in the montage editor. The NAv definitions have been
implemented as follows:
Active Easy Writer Amp Easy II Amp

Neighbors Neighbors
FP1 FPZ, F7, F3, FZ F7, F3, FZ
FPZ FP1, FP2, FZ ---
FP2 FPZ, FZ, F4, F8 FZ, F4, F8
F7 FP1, F3, T3, C3 FP1, F3, T3, C3
F3 FP1, F7, FZ, C3 FP1, F7, FZ, C3
FZ FPZ, F3, F4, CZ F3, F4, CZ
F4 FP2, FZ, F8, C4 FP2, FZ, F8, C4
F8 FP2, F4, C4, T4 FP2, F4, C4, T4
T3 F7, C3, T5 F7, C3, T5
C3 F3, T3, CZ, P3 F3, T3, CZ, P3
CZ FZ, C3, C4, PZ FZ, C3, C4, PZ
C4 F4, CZ, T4, P4 F4, CZ, T4, P4
T4 F8, C4, T6 F8, C4, T6
T5 T3, C3, P3, O1 T3, C3, P3, O1
P3 C3, T5, PZ, O1 C3, T5, PZ, O1
PZ CZ, P3, P4, OZ CZ, P3, P4
P4 C4, PZ, T6, O2 C4, PZ, T6, O2
T6 T4, C4, P4, O2 T4, C4, P4, O2
O1 T5, P3, PZ, OZ T5, P3, PZ
OZ O1, PZ, O2 ---
O2 OZ, PZ, P4, T6 PZ, P4, T6
Page 54 of 251
To create a new montage

To open the Montage Editor dialog box:
1 Select Montages from the Edit pull-down menu, then click New.
2 For each trace in the new montage, click an active input and a reference input from
the diagram at right. Inputs and trace names will automatically be entered into the list
at left.
3 To use the same reference for each trace, select the active and reference inputs for the
first channel, then click
4 To include an average reference, click (to choose a saved one) or

(to modify or create one). To select the Laplacian average, click the
button.
5 To go back and change a trace's input, click its box in the list, then click a new input
in the diagram. The trace's name will update itself. To change the trace's name,
highlight it and type a new name.
6 To unlink a trace, do either of the following:
Click the Linked check box to remove the check. To change the sensitivity or a filter
setting, use the horizontal scroll bar to move the property of interest into view, then
click on the input cell and select the desired value.
Or, highlight the trace and click the Properties button to open the Trace Properties
dialog box. Then click the Linked box so it is unchecked. Now you can adjust any
sensitivity or filter value for the unlinked trace within the Trace Properties dialog box.
7 To insert or delete a trace, click a channel in the list, then click the appropriate button
at the bottom of the window. Or, simply right click on channel in the list and select
the item. Selecting Clear will empty the currently selected trace(s) and retain the
space in the montage. To select more than one trace, click and drag down the trace
numbers on the left. The entire row for the selected traces will be highlighted. Then
use the right-click menu or the Delete button to act on all the selected traces.
8 To reorder traces, click on the center of the trace number cell (at the left edge of the
grid). To select more than one, click and drag across the trace numbers. All the cells
of the selected trace(s) will be highlighted. When the traces to be moved are
highlighted, release the mouse button. Then click and hold on a highlighted trace
number. As you move the mouse up and down, a red line will indicate where the
traces will be moved. The grid will automatically scroll if you move to the top or
bottom of the grid. Release the mouse button when the cursor line is in the position
you want.
9 Enter a name in the Montage Name field.
10 To print the montage, click the Print button. The montage will print like a
spreadsheet, with the table spanning as many pages (horizontally as well as vertically)
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as necessary. If an average reference has been selected for the montage, the averaged
inputs will print on a separate page at the end.
11 Click OK to save the new montage to the local or network montage file list.
Note: Another way to create a new montage is to edit an existing one: Select Montages from the
Edit pull-down menu, highlight a montage, then click Edit.
The Easy II amplifier does not have the following inputs: Fpz, Oz, Aux or CREF. Do not select
these for your montage. It does have T1, T2, PG1 and PG2 and these can be used in the
montage.
The older Easy amplifier does not have T1, T2, PG1 or PG2. Do not use these inputs if you are
using this amplifier. It does have Fpz, Oz and Aux (do not use CREF).
To create an average reference
1 If the Montage Editor dialog box is open, click in the Average

Reference box, then click New.
Otherwise, select Average References from the Edit pull-down menu, then click New.
2 Click the desired reference inputs (i.e., A1 and A2 for linked ears reference).
3 Enter a name in the Average Reference Name field.
4 Click OK to save.
Note: Another way to open the Average Reference Editor dialog box is to select New from the
File pull-down menu and then select Average Reference in the New dialog box, then click
OK.
To define a flash stimulation marker channel

1 Open the Montage Editor dialog box by clicking Montages from the Edit pull-down
menu. Click the New button to create a new montage or highlight a montage and
click Edit to edit an existing montage. (To add a flash channel to the current
montage while recording or reviewing a record, click ).
2 Click the Active box of the channel you want to assign to the flash stimulator.
3 Click the Photic button. The reference input and parameter settings are automatically
selected.
4 Edit the trace name if desired.
5 Finish creating or editing the montage.
6 Click OK to save.
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Note: The Photic button is only enabled when an active input cell is currently selected. The
Photic button is disabled on an Easy II amplifier if the 7A input is replaced by a DC input
and DC inputs are enabled.
Programming the Montage Keys

1. Select Options from the View pull-down menu.
2. Click the Montage Keys tab.
3. The montage path and name field shows the current setting for the key. To assign a
montage to a key click the Browse button. You will then be able to select from the
list of available montages.
Flash Stimulator Auto-Sequence Programs

To create a flash stimulator auto-sequence program
You can set up two separate auto-sequencing photic stimulation programs with 12
sequencing steps each.
2 Click the Flash Program 1 or Flash Program 2 tab.
3 In the Pause Between Steps box, enter the delay (0 to 30 seconds) between each of
the 12 flash steps.
4 In the first Freq. box, enter the flash frequency (0 to 25 hertz). For Easy II systems
only, the frequency can be set to one decimal place (e.g., 3.2 Hz).
5 In the first Duration box, enter the length of time (0 to 60 seconds).
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6 Repeat steps 4 and 5 for the remaining flash steps in your program.
7 Click OK to save.
Recording Preferences
To set the notch filter frequency and on/off control
2 Click the Recording tab.
3 In the Notch Filter Freq. box, select 60 or 50 Hz.
(U.S. customers should select 60 Hz. International customers may need to select 50 Hz.)
4 Note the Default Notch Filter On check box. Check this box to automatically turn
the notch filter on whenever a new recording is started. Uncheck it to leave it off.
5 Click OK to save.
Note: The notch filter can also be toggled On/Off during the recording.
To set the sample rate

3 In the Sample Rate box, select from 200 or 400 Hz.
4 Click OK to save.
30-min. EEG sampled at Requires for storage

200 Hz 12.5 megabytes of space
400 Hz 50 megabytes of space
Note: The highest sample rate requires the most space for storage.
Do net set sample rate to 400 Hz for PSG recordings. Only use 200 Hz for PSG
recordings.
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To set default sensitivity and filter values for linked traces

3 Factory default values for high cut, low cut, and sensitivity are listed in the Default
Linked Values box. To change one, click its arrow and select a new value.
4 Click OK to save.
Note: Factory default values are:
High-cut filter = 70Hz
Low-cut filter = 1 Hz or 0.16 s
Sensitivity = 7 uV/mm
To enable live mode

3 If the Enable Live Mode box is empty, click the box to check it. (Click again to
disable it.)
4 Click OK to save.
To adjust the initial activity monitor volume

3 Drag the Default Activity Monitor Volume marker to the right to increase volume,
left to decrease.
4 Click OK to save.
Note: You can adjust the activity monitor volume while recording with the plus and minus (+ and -
) keys on the far right of the alphanumeric keyboard.
To set the default montage

3 In the Default Montage box, click Browse to open the Montage File List dialog box.
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4 Click a montage in the local or network montage list. Then, click OK.
5 The new default montage will be displayed. Click OK to save.
To Set the default paper speed

3 Click the down arrow to the right of the Default Paper Speed box. A pull down
menu displays the list of paper speeds.
4 Click the desired paper speed.
5 Click OK to save.
To Set the COM Port for the Optional Patient Event Button
1. Connect the patient button to an open COM port.
2. Click Options from the File pull-down window.
3. Select the recording tab.
4. Click the down arrow under Patient Button and select the appropriate COM port.
5. Click the up or down arrow under Priority to change the priority of the "button press"
event.
6. Click OK when done.
Reviewing Preferences
To set event priority during review

2 Click the Review tab.
3 In the Prioritized Events box, set the priority level of events you want to show on the
scroll bar and the priority level of events you want to skip when jumping from event
to event using the arrow buttons.
4 In the Event Groups box, first select the type of event group (user event, comment,
parameter change, miscellaneous, ambulatory, etc.). Then check the appropriate
boxes if you do not want to show these events on the scroll bar or want to skip them
when jumping from event to event. These selections are in addition to the selections
made above in the Prioritized Events box.
5 Click OK to save.
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Setting the Measurement Tool

1 Select Options from the View pull-
down menu.
2 Click the Review tab. Locate the
Measurement Tool group box.
3 In the Number of Ruler Marks box,
enter the number of vertical lines (2-8)
you want to appear in the EEG
measurement tool. Note the sample
displayed to the right. The number of
ruler marks is set at '2' for the sample displayed.
4 Note the "Show time in seconds" check box. If unchecked (default), duration
displays in milliseconds. If checked, duration is displayed in seconds.
5 Click OK to save.
To enable super resolution

Super resolution provides additional waveform clarity.
2 Click the Review tab.
3 Click the Draw Traces with Super Resolution box. Click again to turn it off.
4 Click OK to save.
Where Files Are Stored

To set local and network data directories
2 Click the Directories tab.
3 In the Default Local Data Directory box, type the
path to the folder on your computer where you want
to store EEG records. Or, click Browse to search all
your computer's drives for the correct folder. The
default path is C:\Cadwell\EasyEEG\Data.
4 If your system is part of a network of Easy EEGs, follow the same procedure in the
Default Network Data Directory box. In this case, you will be specifying where on
the network server you want to store EEG records. The default path would be
something like \\Reader1\Cadwell\EasyEEG\Data
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5 Click OK to save.
Note: If your system is networked, you should also click the Networking tab and set when you want files transferred to
the server. If this system is a stand-alone system, or is designated as the server within a group of systems, the
check box "This is an Easy EEG server" should be checked.
The DOS Directory is used to network old DOS Easy Writers to a Windows Easy EEG
Reader. The path for this field depends on how the networking has been setup but would
probably be C:\eegl\data.
About QuickMed
QuickMed contains the report generator and user login database for Cadwell's Easy EEG
and Sierra II EMG programs. QuickMed can be toggled on or off allowing users to
bypass the login process during Easy EEG start up. Standard EEG providers may want
to consider this option if they do not need to print EEG reports. Sleep centers need to
login and keep QuickMed enabled.
To toggle QuickMed on or off, select QuickMed Setup from the Edit pull-down menu.
A check (default) in the Enable QuickMed box sets QuickMed on, no check sets
QuickMed off. Click the box to add or remove the check. When QuickMed is enabled
after being disabled, a login screen is presented.
Note: When QuickMed is disabled, users cannot access the report generator, user list, login,
custom report headers, QuickMed utilities, or make changes to sleep scoring data.
Logging In
By default the login screen will display during the Easy EEG startup.
1 To login, highlight your User Name and click OK.
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2 To bypass this login screen at startup, remove the check mark in the "Show this dialog
at startup" box. The program will then automatically log in as the last user when it
starts up.
3 To restore the login screen at startup, select QuickMed Setup from the Edit pull-
down menu. On the Startup tab, check the "Show login at startup" box.
4 To log in a different user without closing the program, select Login User from the
File pull-down menu.
Note: Login is only available when QuickMed is enabled. To enable QuickMed, select QuickMed
Setup from the Edit pull-down menu. Place a check in the Enable QuickMed box.
Adding Users to the System

1 Select User/Phys/Tech List from the Edit pull-down menu.
2 Click the Add New button to enter a new user, or highlight a name and click Edit.
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3 Fill in the appropriate information ("*" items are required). Currently the Security
default is set to FullAccess.
4 Click OK when done.
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QuickMed Utilities
QuickMed utilities include user database management, report template editing, and
startup options.
1 Select QuickMed Setup from the Edit
pull-down menu.
2 Click the QuickMed Utilities
button.
User Databases tab:
Click Backup to save the
current user database, including the
individual report headers, to a
separate file.
Click Restore to overwrite the
current user database with the backed up copy.
Click Compress to remove older copies of the user database and compress the
current copy. Use this utility if you update the user list or change report headers
frequently. In that case you should also make a new backup of the database. This
button is always enabled, even if QuickMed is disabled.
Report Templates tab:

Click Edit to open the report template editor. The editor allows the user to create
custom reports or edit existing
reports. For detailed
information on using the editor,
select ReportGen Help from the
Help pull-down window.
Click Backup to save the report

templates to a separate file.
Backup archives the templates
for save keeping or for copying
them to another system.
Backup your report templates
any time you edit them.
Cadwell can replace the default
templates, but you should make
a backup copy if you customized the templates.
Click Restore to copy one or all of your templates from the backup file to the system.
Click Delete to permanently remove a template.
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Startup tab:
Click the "Show Login at Startup" box to check or uncheck it. A check (default)
forces the login window to display when the Easy EEG program is started. If it is not
checked, the login will not show and Easy EEG will automatically log in as the last
user.
Click the "Preload Voice Engine" box to check or uncheck it. The voice engine is an
optional program that allows users to dictate their reports to the Easy EEG system.
Contact Cadwell Customer Service for information on the program.
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Q-Video Setup and Use
The Q-Video digital video program was created by the

development team at Cadwell Labs. This product allows the
user to collect digital video concurrently with a Cadwell Easy PSG or
EEG recording with Easy PSG/EEG software.
The Q-Video program captures an incoming video signal (from a video to USB adapter) and
compresses the video data real time. This compressed video data is synchronized and
displayed with waveform data collected by the Easy system.
The Q-Video system is enabled with a unique motion detection algorithm that detects and
quantifies movement from a video signal. Movement is accentuated with color and
displayed in the video picture.
There are multiple benefits associated with the Q-Video motion detection algorithm. Some
of these benefits are:
o Movement can be quantified from second to second for precise correlation
of Easy PSG/EEG data.
o Subtle respiration movements can be detected and accentuated with color for
correlation with respiratory events.
o Extended video recordings require vigilant observation of video data during
review. Color accentuated movement assists the clinician in detecting subtle
movements while reviewing data at twice the speed of data collection.
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Q-Video – Required Components

 A valid software license enabling the Easy PSG/EEG Q-Video program on your
Easy II data acquisition system.
 A video input to your computer via a ‘video to USB adapter’.
 A standard video camera (NTSC/PAL) or a low-light camera for use during data
collection. The camera can be color or black and white, or a VCR with video
output.
 Minimum requirements for a desktop or laptop computer. 1
 Pentium 3 GHz processor
 Windows XP
 512 MB RAM
 USB input connector
 80 GB disk space
 AGP graphics card with 16MB+ memory
 Minimum graphics resolution 1280 x 1024 (1600 x 1200 preferred)
 Video/Sound USB converter.
Optional Components for Q-Video

 Sound mixer
 Speakers
 Tilt, pan and zoom unit
1 Many laptops and desktop computers have been tested by Cadwell. We have not tested every computer. Inquire about your existing
computer system before configuring Q-Video.
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Configuring Your System to Collect Q-Video Data

Verify that you have purchased a licensed copy the Q-Video software and that it is
correctly enabled in the Easy Software Control Panel.
Easy EEG Control Panel, Q-Video Setting
If your system has not been previously configured with the Q-Video system, you will
need to perform the following tasks to configure your computer.
Configure your video to USB adapter. Follow the instructions supplied by the
manufacturer of the adapter. Cadwell recommends the Belkin USB Videobus, model
#F5U206 or the Belkin Hi-Speed USB 2.0 DVD Creator, model F5U228.
Verify that you can connect your video camera, camcorder, or VCR output signal to
the USB adapter.
Enter the Easy software. Enter New Patient information and start a recording.
Select the default camera from the camera selection menu shown in menu below.
Q-Video Camera Selection Menu
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Verify that the video signal can be displayed within the Easy PSG/EEG software.
Select the Q-Video menu option, then click in the Show Recorder option, or click on the
Show Video Recorder toolbar option shown below.
Q-Video Toolbar
Using the Q-Video System During Data Collection
After starting a recording, the user has several options available with the Easy Q-Video
system. The following menu options and toolbar are available as displayed below.
Figure 4 - Q-Video Menu/Toolbar

Options
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Q-Video Menu Options

Show Recorder – This option shows a video preview window.
Record – This option enables the Q-Video system to begin saving video data.
Stop – This option stop the Q-Video system from saving video data.
Video Toolbar – This option enables the Video Toolbar.
Show Status – This option shows the current status of the Q-Video recording. (see
figure 5). The user can select Show Status from the Q-Video menu or click on the status
button in the Q-Video Preview window.
Disk Status Used – This feature displays (real time) the amount of memory (MB)
used to store the Q-Video file.
Disk Status Remaining – This feature displays the amount (MB) of hard disk space
available.
Resource Utilization – This option displays a graphic LED bar showing the
amount of disk space available and the current processor utilization.
Frame Rate – Allows the user to select a frame rate between 1 – 10 frames per
second.
Actual Frame Rate – Displays the actual number of frames per second recorded by
the Q-Video system. Actual frame rate will vary depending on the performance
specifications of the computer and the current available resources.
Compression – This setting controls the real time compression rate for the video
data. Cadwell recommends a setting between 0-25. Compression rates above 50 may reduce
actual frame rate depending on the performance specifications of the computer.
Figure 5 Q-Video Recording Status Menu
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Video Options – This menu allows the user to set a file folder location for recorded
video. The Easy software will store data to this folder and remove/copy data from this
folder during the archiving process.
The Minimum Free Disk Space setting determines when the Q-Video system should stop
recording data due to lack of free disk space.
The Enable Recording Features check box will enable the Q-Video system each time a
recording is initiated.
Use the bottom half of the dialog to adjust the baseline and sensitivity for the movement
data on the summary graph.
Q-Video Options
Select Audio - Allows the user to select a default audio device.
Audio Device Selection
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Select Camera – Allows the user to select a default camera. See menu below.
Camera Options – This menu option provides access to the Video Source controls.
Use the Device Settings tab to modify brightness and contrast settings specific to your video
recording environment.
To adjust video clarity, reduce the Saturation

setting until video clarity is improved.
Note: Lowering the saturation setting will

convert the color picture to a black and white
picture. You may reduce the saturation setting
to zero with a black and white camera.
Camera Options/Video Source

Q-Video Display/Motion Controls
The Q-Video system collects and displays video data in a standard view. At any time during
data collection or review, the user can enable movement/motion controls that accentuate
the video to assist the clinician in quantifying movement during the sleep study or EEG
recording.
Color motion controls are particularly helpful for the clinician when trying to correlate
movement seen in the video preview window with physiological data collected by the Easy
PSG/EEG system.
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Q-Video Standard Display Mode
Q-Video Standard Display + Color Mode
Q-Video Light Display Mode
Q-Video Reflect Display Mode
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Using the Q-Video System During Review

When you open the record, the movement summary graph displays first.
Click anywhere on the graph to go to the
corresponding time in the record, or click the X in
the upper corner to go to the beginning of the
record. The recorded EEG and the video should
display. If the video does not display, select Show
Player from the QVideo pull-down menu. To
return to the movement summary graph, select
Summary Graph from the QVideo pull-down menu.
Movement Summary Graph
Q-Video Review Controls

The user has the ability to page through the PSG or EEG record with the Q-Video enabled.
Multiple methods exist for reviewing Q-Video data.
Page-by-Page Review
Page through the recording one epoch at a time with the Page Up, Page Down key.
Q-Video will display a picture of the patient. The picture is taken from the first second of
data displayed.
Page through the recording with the paging tools from the paging toolbar.
Paging tools will allow the user to move through the recording one epoch at a time,
or one second at a time.
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Video Playback
Click on the Play button to play the video for review. A red line will move across
the recorded epoch to allow the user to correlate video movement with recorded PSG or
EEG data.
Increase or decrease the playback speed by rotating the Speed button clockwise or
counter clockwise.
Use the Scroll button to move incrementally through video frames. Place the mouse
on the Scroll button, hold down the left button, and begin to rotate the button clockwise to
move forward through the video and Easy data. Rotate the button counter clockwise to
begin moving backwards through the video and Easy data.
How to Use the Zoom Feature During Data Collection or Review
Place the mouse over the desired location in the Q-Video preview window.
Hold down the left button on the mouse and drag the mouse over the desired subset
of video data. When you release the mouse a Zoom In window will appear. The Zoom In
window can be resized as necessary for review.
Cut & Zoom Feature

with Q-Video
Right Click on the Zoom In Window to Cut

and Paste Q-Video to Report or Other
Document
Figure 15 - Q-Video Cut and Zoom Feature
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Editing (Saving & Deleting) Q-Video

The user can save and delete portions of Q-Video data.
Click on the Data Deletion option to access the Data Deletion Menu. (There is also
the option on the pop-up menu when you right-click on the view)
Figure 16 - Data Deletion Menu -Toolbar Option
Data Deletion Menu

The Data Deletion menu provides a series of tools for deleting and saving Video and/or
Easy data. It is important that the users select the correct menu options before marking data
for saving or deletion.
Mark for Save – Select this option if you would like to mark segments of data for Saving.
All unmarked data will be deleted when you enter the Extract Data menu and complete the
extraction process.
Mark for Delete – Select this option if you would like to mark segments of data for
deletion. Figure
All marked data
115 - Q-Video will
Cut and beFeature
Zoom deleted when you enter the Extract Data menu and
complete the extraction process.
EEG Only – When this option is selected, only EEG-PSG data will be marked for
saving or deletion.
Video with Audio – When this option is selected, only Video and corresponding
audio will be marked for saving or deletion.
EEG and Video with Audio – When this option is selected, both EEG-PSG and
Video with audio will be marked for saving or deletion.
Video without Audio - When this option is selected, only Video without any audio
will be marked for saving or deletion.
Remove Mark/Remove All – This feature removes previously marked clips from
the list of clips that will be saved or deleted when extracting data.
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Data Deletion Menu
Marking an Epoch of Data for Saving or Deleting

While viewing an epoch of data (at any paper speed), click on the Mark In button, then click
on the Mark Out button. The Easy system will automatically select the extreme left side of
the displayed epoch for the Mark In time, and the extreme right side of the epoch as the
Mark Out time. After the epoch has been correctly marked, you will notice the marked
period of time in the Marked Data box.
Marking a Sub-set of Epoch Data for Saving or Deleting
Place the mouse at the location within the epoch that you would like to mark as the
beginning of your clip. Click on the right button on the mouse, select Mark In. Place the
mouse at the location within the epoch that you would like to mark as the end of your clip.
Click on the right button on the mouse, select Mark Out, or Mark Out with Comment.
Figure 18 - Pop Up Data Deletion Tools Menu
Marking an Extended Period of Data for Saving or Deleting

Place the mouse at the location within the first epoch that you would like to mark as the
beginning of your clip. Click on the right button on the mouse, select Mark In. Place the
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mouse at the location within the last epoch that you would like to mark as the end of your
clip. Click on the right button on the mouse, select Mark Out, or Mark Out with Comment.
Or, While viewing the first epoch of data (at any paper speed), click on the Mark In button.
Find the last epoch of data, then click on the Mark Out button. After the epoch has been
correctly marked, you will notice the marked period of time in the Marked Data box.
Extracting Data
After you have marked all segments of Video and or Easy data, select the Extract Data
option. Click on the Extract Saved Clips to complete the extraction process.
Data Extraction Menu
NOTE: All data marked for deletion will be erased from the computer. You will not
be able to restore deleted data after data extraction.
Archiving Q-Video Data with PSG or EEG Data

From the Archiving Manager, verify the Q-Video check box is selected before moving or
copying data to an archive device.
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Windows XP Network Card Configuration

If necessary, install a network card in the computer. Follow the manufacturer’s
installation instructions.
Login as a User that has administrative access rights.
Click Start, then Control Panel, then Network and Internet Connections.
Click on Network Connections. The Network Connections window will be
displayed. A separate icon will be displayed for each network card that is installed in the PC.
By default, the name given to each network card is “Local Area Connection”. You can
rename the icons to something more descriptive by right-clicking on the icon and then
selecting Rename. For example, you might want to change the name to Easy II, or maybe to
Easy Amp as shown in the picture below.
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To configure the network properties; Right click over the appropriate icon and then
select Properties. The properties window will be displayed as shown in the next picture.
First, remove the check marks next to Client for Microsoft Networks, File and
Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks, and QoS Packet Scheduler. Be sure to leave the
check mark next to Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
Optional: Place a check mark next to “Show icon in notification area when connected” if
you want Windows to tell you when the connection to the Cadwell system has been made.
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Select the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and then click on the Properties button.
Select “Use the following IP address”. Enter 192.168.113.66 for the IP Address.
Enter 255.255.255.0 for the subnet mask.
Click the Advanced button, then click the WINS tab. Remove the check mark next
to “Enable LM Hosts lookup” and then select “Disable NetBIOS over TCP/IP” as shown
in the following picture.
Click OK, click OK again, then click Close.
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6
Chapter
Recording & Reviewing EEG
Connecting and Setting Up the Easy II Hardware

Verify System Hardware is setup correctly.
1. Plug in Ethernet cable from the Power/Com module to the Ethernet connection on the
ccomputer.
2. Plug in the AC power cord from the Power/Com module. Verify the power LED is on.
3. Plug the cable from the Photic Stimulator to the Power/Com module.
4. Plug the Easy II Amplifier to the Power/Com module.
5. Plug the Remote Input Box into the Easy II
Amplifier.
Preparing the Patient
Prior to data collection the EEG electrodes must be

attached to the patient. Follow the setup guidelines listed
below to prepare the patient for data collection.
Follow your laboratory protocols for applying the EEG

electrodes to the patient. Cadwell Labs recommends
adherence to the International 10-20 standards for EEG
electrode placement2,3. Route the EEG cables to the remote input box. Verify that the
patient will be comfortable and not become entangled in the wires.
Plug EEG electrodes into the Easy II Remote

Input Box. Do not pull the EEG wires when
removing electrodes from the remote input box.
Remove each electrode carefully, insuring you

do not damage the EEG electrode connector.
Place respiratory sensors, body position sensor,

snoring sensor, SpO2 sensor according to third
2Gilmore RL (1994): J. Clin. Neurophysiol RL Gilmore (ed.): American Electroencephalographic Society guidelines in
electroencephalography, evoked potentials, and polysomnography, J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 11:(1, January) 147 pp.
3Jasper H. (1958) Report Of The Committee On Methods Of Clinical Examination In Electroencephalography. Electroencephalography
& Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 10: pp 305-375.
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party patient preparation

instructions.
NOTE: Use only Nonin SpO2 sensors with the Easy DC amplifier. Though Cadwell has tested
the Nonin 8000J sensor with the Easy DC amplifier, other sensors have not been tested
or validated.
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To start and end a recording
1 Click in the main display or select New Patient from the File pull-down
menu to open the Edit Patient Information dialog box.
2 Enter the desired patient information.
3 Click to open a blank recording screen.
(To save the patient information for later recording, click instead.)
4 To begin collecting data, click .
5 To stop recording, again click .
6 Click or select Close from the File pull-down menu.

7 If you are networked to a Reader station a message may ask if you want to Move the
EEG record to the Server. Select OK to move the record or Cancel to keep the record
on the local hard disk. (If you decide to keep the EEG record on the local hard disk,
use the Record Manager from the File pull-down menu to move or copy the record
to a networked reader station at a later time.) The system setup can be programmed
to Always keep the EEG record local or Always move the record to the server or Ask before
moving to server. Modify this setting by selecting Options from the View pull-down
menu and then select the Networking tab.
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Notes:
If you pre-entered the patient information and are ready to start the recording:
1. Click on the main display (instead of )
2. Highlight the patient information record you want.
3. Click to open a blank recording screen.
Another way to start a new recording is to select New from the File pull-down menu. Select
Patient if you want the option of saving patient information for later recording. Select
EEG Recording if you want to go straight to a blank recording screen after entering
patient information.
To append a patient record
1 Click on the main display or select Read EEG from the File menu.
2 In the dialog box that opens, highlight the appropriate record, then select Append to
open a blank recording screen.
3 To begin collecting data, click . The data will be added to the end of the record
you opened.
4 To stop recording, again click .
5 Click or select Close from the File menu.
Notes:
To edit patient information--or change the record's status--before opening the record, click
in the Read EEG dialog box or click the Edit Patient button in the File -
Open dialog box.
In the Open dialog box, records are listed by file names consisting of patient name, date, time,
and the extension .EAS. If you do not see the record you want to append, click the "Look
in" box to browse other directories.
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To check impedance
1 Click or select Impedance from the EEG pull-down menu.

2 To manually select the recording reference, click the Auto Reference box so it is
unchecked. Then, select a reference from the Recording Reference menu. A blue box
surrounds the recording reference on the head map.
To return to automatic recording reference, click the Auto Reference box again. The
program will select the electrode with the lowest impedance from the following group
of electrodes: A1, T3, C3, Cz, C4, T4, or A2. The selected electrode will have a blue
box around it.
3 When impedance readings are satisfactory, click OK.
Notes: The ground impedance display turns red when values are > 15 kilohms. When reviewing
the record at the elapsed time an impedance was checked, you can display the impedance
values by clicking or selecting Impedance from the EEG pull-down menu.
Tip: To quickly jump to an impedance entry when reviewing, select Events from the
EEG pull-down menu. Highlight Miscellaneous in the left column and Impedance in the
right column, then click Go To.
To perform calibration
1 Click . A square-wave calibration signal is displayed in channels 1-16.
2 To check calibration of the remaining channels, click (lower left or upper

right corner of the display).
(If you have a 24-channel display, only 8 channels will be left to calibrate.)
3 To exit calibration mode, again click or just close the Cal box.
To enter an event and/or comment

1 Click one of the following types of buttons on the main display:
Pre-defined event
Custom event
Comment -A vertical cursor displays over the EEG traces.
2 Using the mouse, move the event cursor to the position on screen where you want to
enter the event or comment.
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Then click the mouse to enter the event. (Or, press the Escape key on the
alphanumeric keyboard to cancel.)
3 For a comment, a box will appear. Type in your comment, then click OK to enter.
(Or, press the Escape key on the alphanumeric keyboard to cancel.)
4 The name of the event and/or comment is marked on screen and in the EEG record.
In addition, a color-coded event bar appears in the scroll bar located at the bottom of
the EEG review display. The color corresponds to the priority level you have
assigned that particular event or comment.
Note: Another way to enter a comment is to press the "C" key on the alphanumeric keyboard. The
comment box will appear.
Timer
1 To time a specific event such as hyperventilation or seizure activity, click .

Elapsed time appears on the EEG in 10-second intervals.
2 To exit timer mode, again click .
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To change the montage while recording

At any time while recording, click one of the M1 - M6 buttons on the montage toolbar.
Notes:
Another way to change montages is to click the montage name (ex: to open the
Montage File List dialog box, then highlight the desired new montage and click OK.
If the montage toolbar does not appear on the display, select Toolbars from the View pull-down
menu, click Montage, then click OK.
To move a trace to a different position, left click and drag the trace label to the desired position.
Release the mouse button and the trace will move to the new location.
To use the review window while recording
1 Click . The display will split, with the review window on the right side and live
EEG on the left.
2 To change the relative size of the review window and live EEG window, click the
divider and drag left or right. Time of recording and elapsed time appear for each
window.
3 Click once in the review window to make it active. A blue bar appears across the top
of the window to designate that this is the active side.
4 Move through the review window, entering events/comments and changing
filters/sensitivity/montages as needed.
5 To make the live EEG window active for entering events, changing montages, etc.,
click once in the window. The blue bar switches to the top of the live EEG window.
6 To close the review window, again click .
To use flash stimulation

1 Select a flash stimulation montage one of two ways:
Click then select a flash stimulation montage.

OR
Click a montage button that you have assigned to a flash stimulation montage. A
flash stimulation montage contains one channel that has the appropriate inputs for
displaying the stimulation marks.
2 Click .
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3 In the Flash box that appears, click or to begin an auto sequence flash
stimulation program.
Or, click and manually adjust the stimulation rate by clicking the arrows.
Flash marks will automatically be written into channel 8A-Ref (Easy 32-channel
systems) or 3A-Ref (Easy 24-channel systems) or 7A-Ref (Easy II 32-channel
systems).
4 To pause, click . Click again to resume.
5 To stop, again click .
Note: You can move the flash dialog box to a more convenient location on the display by clicking
its top bar and dragging the box.
Viewing Live Mode

1 On the Easy Reader, Select Read EEG. Highlight the patient's name in the list (status
should be Recording).
2 Click Read Now. The record opens displaying the EEG that has been recorded to
that point. All standard review functions are available.
3 To view the incoming EEG, click the live mode button .
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Summary of Basic EEG Recording Steps

• Apply a full set of disk scalp electrodes using the International 10/20 System of
Electrode Placement.
• Press New Patient or select New Patient from the File pull-down menu. Enter the
patient information. You may move around in this screen by pressing the Tab key (to
move forward), the Shift + Tab (to move backwards), or point and click with the
mouse.
• Click the button. The EEG recording screen is displayed. The Default
Montage appears on the screen. The user defined default settings are displayed for
filters, sensitivity, and paper speed.
• Click to check electrode impedance and select the Recording Reference.
• Click a second time to exit from the impedance screen.
• Click to record calibration signals. Channels 1-16 will be displayed initially. Click
to display the calibration signals on channels 17-32.
• Click again to stop calibration.
• Click to begin recording with the default montage (usually Bio-Cal). To begin with
a different montage, press the desired montage key before pressing Run/Stop.
• To select another montage, press 1 through 6 on the Montage toolbar, or click on the
current montage button to display a list of all available montages.
• To move a trace to a different position, left click and drag the trace label to the desired
position. Release the mouse button and the trace will move to the new location.
• To mark events on the EEG recording, click on the event button using the mouse then
click on the EEG where you want to place the event. (If you do not position the event,
it is locked in place when it scrolls off the screen).
• To mark a comment on the EEG recording, click and then the position the event
with the mouse and click. Type your comment and press enter on the ASCII keyboard
(49 characters). Or you can start typing the comment immediately after pressing the
comment button; the comment locks in place automatically.
• To change filter/sensitivity/paper speed settings, press the appropriately labeled key on
the dedicated keyboard: arrow up to increase, arrow down to decrease, or the middle
sensitivity key for the default settings. Or you can click on the down arrow next to the
parameter setting displayed at the top of the screen. Select the new value from the pull
down window.
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• To change filter/sensitivity settings on an individual channel, double click the mouse on

the channel’s trace label. The Trace Properties window will be displayed. Or, right
click on the channel label and select the parameter value from the context menu.
• To turn a channel off, simply click on the trace label with the right mouse button, then
select Delete.
• Routine clinical EEG testing includes 3-5 minutes of hyperventilation. While
performing hyperventilation the timer is useful to keep track of the elapsed time during
the procedure. Activate the timer by pressing the Timer key or click the button, an
event is displayed every 10 seconds on the EEG display. To stop the timer, press the
Timer key or click again.
• To perform photic stimulation, first choose the montage where the photic stimulation
marker channel has been programmed (8A-8Ref for Easy 32 channel system, 3A-3Ref
for Easy 24 channel system and 7A-7Ref for Easy II 32 channel system). Press the
Flash key or click then select F1 for Program 1, F2 for Program 2 or F3 for
manual operation. When the flash sequence is finished, press the Flash key or click
again to close the flash program window.
• When the EEG recording is complete, press the Cal key or click to display the
calibration signal. While the calibration signal is displayed, change the sensitivity and
filter settings to display each combination of settings used during the recording.
• Press the Cal key or click a second time to exit from the calibration program.
• Press the Run/Stop key or click to stop or pause the recording.

• Press the F1 (Close) key or select Close from the File pull-down menu.
Using the Optional Patient Event Button

This option provides a "bed side" button for the patient to press per you instructions.
Each button press places a "Button Press" event mark into the recording. Button presses
can be given a pre-selected priority of 1 to 5.
This option requires an open COM port on the computer, which is designated on the
View | Options | Recording tab.
To use, connect the button to the appropriate COM port.
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Using the EEG Timer Control

This option allows recording of the EEG at pre-determined intervals. For example, you
can record 5 minutes of EEG every hour.
1. Open up the EEG recording window.
2. Select Easy Timer from the Tools pull-down menu.
3. In the On Time box, select the minutes of EEG to record in each time interval.
4. In the Interval box, select the length of the time interval.
5. In the On Event box, select the length of time to record after the Patient Event
button is pressed.
Note: The Patient Event button is an optional device.
6. Click the Start Timer button. The EEG starts recording for the first time interval.
The Remaining Time window counts down the recording time remaining (or the
remaining time to start recording) in the time interval.
7. To add a comment, place the cursor in the event box and type. Click Add Event.
8. To override the timer, click the Run or Stop button.
9. Click Quit to stop recording in timer mode.
NOTE: To hide the Easy Timer window while recording, click on the Easy EEG button on the
Windows task bar (by the Start button). To re-display the Easy Timer window, click the
Easy Timer button on the Windows task bar.
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Modifying Trace Properties

To adjust sensitivity and filter values for linked traces
You can adjust the sensitivity and filter values for all linked traceslinked traces at once.
Click the display as shown below. (Or, select Linked Sensitivity, Linked High Cut, or
Linked Low Cut from the EEG pull-down menu.)
To adjust settings on an individual channel, right click the mouse over the trace label.
A menu will be displayed that will allow parameter changes to be made to this channel
only.
To unlink a trace
1 Double-click the trace's label on the left side of the display to open the Trace
Properties dialog box.
2 Click the Linked box to remove the check mark and unlink the trace.
3 Now you can adjust any sensitivity or filter value for the unlinked trace by clicking the
appropriate box and selecting from the list.
4 To change the trace's active or reference input, click it, then select from the list. The
trace name will update automatically.
5 To change the trace's name, highlight it, then type in a new one.
6 To change the trace's color, click the Color box, then select from the menu of pre-
assigned trace colors. (You can change these when setting screen colors.)
7 Click OK to save changes. To re-link the trace at any time, click its label on the
display, then click the Linked box again so it is checked.
Note: Another way to unlink a trace is to right-click the trace label, then select a new parameter
setting for the trace from the menu that is displayed. This will automatically unlink the
trace.
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Reviewing EEG
Viewing, Editing or Printing Patient Information
1. Click Read EEG.
2. Highlight a patient record, and click View Info.
3. Edit any fields as needed.
4 To print the information, click the Print button.
To open a record for review
1 Click on the main display or select Read EEG from the File pull-down
menu. Use File-Open to review records that are not stored on the local hard disk
drive (e.g., stored on CD).
2 Highlight a record, then click

To edit patient information or change the record's status before opening the record, click
3 Move through the record, entering events/comments and changing

filters/sensitivity/montages as needed. See Moving Through a Record below.
4 When finished, click or select Close from the File pull-down menu. A
message will ask if you want to change the record's status to "Ready to Archive."
Click No if someone plans to review the record again soon.
Note: Another way to open a record for review is:
1. Select Open from the File pull-down menu.
2. Highlight the desired record in the Open dialog box.
Records are listed by file names consisting of patient name, date, time, and the extension .EAS. To
change directories from the local hard disk to CD, click the "Look in" menu. Change the file type
to .LOG for ambulatory records.
3. Click Open to review the highlighted record.
To edit patient information or change the record's status before opening the record, click Edit
Patient.
To view multiple records

1 Open as many records as you want to view. They are automatically displayed in tile
(non-overlapping) format on the display.
2 Click anywhere on a record to make it active for reviewing. To view it full screen,
click on the top right corner of its window.
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3 To return to viewing all records on the display at one time, select Cascade
(overlapping) or Tile (non-overlapping) from the Window pull-down menu.
Moving Through a Record

There are five easy ways to review an EEG record:
1) Click the paging toolbar

Rest the mouse cursor on buttons to display what each does, then click one. Click again to
stop.
Note: If the toolbar is not on your screen, select Toolbars from the View pull-down menu, then
click the paging toolbar in the Toolbars dialog box.
2) Click the scroll bar

Click color-coded bars to go to events, comments, and montage changes.
Click left arrow to go to previous event, right arrow to go to next event.
Click and drag slider, which shows where you are in the record.
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3) Click the waveform display
Click on the display in any quadrant to move as indicated.

(Make sure the paging button on the mouse tools toolbar is clicked: )
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4) Use shortcut keys:

To move Press
1 sec. forward Control + right arrow
1 sec. back Control + left arrow
1 page forward Page Down, right arrow, or
space bar (Hold space bar
down for continuous
paging)
1 page back Page Up or left arrow
To end of record End
To beginning of Home
record
To next event Alt + ->
To previous event Alt + <-
5) Use the Events dialog box
Click or select Events from the Edit pull-down menu to display a dialog box that will
take you to a specific action in the record.
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To change the montage while reviewing
At any time while reviewing, click the montage name (ex: ) to open the
Montage File List dialog box, then highlight the desired new montage and click OK.
After changing the montage, a check mark will appear next to the montage name
indicating it is different from the original recording:
To return to the original montage, click the montage name to open the Montage File List
dialog box. Then click the As Recorded box so it is checked:
Then click OK.
Notes:
Another way to change montages is to either click one of the M1 - M6 buttons on the montage
toolbar.
If the montage toolbar does not appear on the display, select Toolbars from the View pull-down
menu, click Montage, then click OK.
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To adjust the paper speed

Click the display as shown below.
(Or, select Paper Speed from the EEG pull-down menu.)
Note: Three additional paper speeds are now available: 0.5, 1, and 2.5 mm/sec or 120, 300 and
600 sec/page.
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To check impedance while reviewing

1 While reviewing the record at the elapsed time when an impedance check was done,
the Impedance button goes from gray to black. Click the Impedance button, or
select Impedance from the EEG pull-down menu, to display the impedance values.
2 You will be viewing the impedance values measured during that part of the recording.
3 When done, click OK.
Tip: To quickly jump to an elapsed time when an impedance check was done: Select
Events from the EEG pull-down menu, highlight Miscellaneous in the left column and
Impedance in the right column, then click Go To.
To find a specific event

You can easily locate an event or comment entry while reviewing the EEG record. In the
review mode select Events from the EEG pull-down menu or click the Evens Dialog
button on the View toolbar.
In the Events window locate the event or comment and select it. Click the Go To button
to jump to the area of the record that contains the event.
Deleting an Event or Comment

You can delete an unwanted event or comment entry while reviewing the EEG record.
In the review mode select Events from the EEG pull-down menu or click the Evens
Dialog button on the View toolbar.
In the Events window locate the event or comment and select it. Click the Delete button
to delete it permanently from the record.
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To measure a waveform
1 Click the measurement tool button on the mouse tools toolbar , or

Right-click the mouse over the EEG display and select Measurement Tool, or
Select Measurement Tool from the Tool pull-down menu.
(If the mouse tools toolbar is not on your screen, select Toolbars from the View pull-
down menu, then click Mouse Tools in the Toolbars dialog box.)
To Measure Frequency To Measure Duration To Measure Amplitude

Position pointer at Position pointer at Position pointer at top or
beginning of waveform. beginning of waveform. bottom of waveform.
Click mouse and hold. Click mouse and hold. Click mouse and hold.
Click mouse and hold.
Click mouse and hold.
Drag mouse pointer across Drag mouse pointer across Drag mouse pointer up or
waveform until ruler's waveform until last vertical down until crosshair aligns
vertical marks align with mark aligns with end of with peak or trough.
waveform peaks. waveform sequence.
Top number gives you Middle number gives you Bottom number gives you
frequency in hertz. duration in milliseconds or amplitude in microvolts.
seconds.
Release mouse. Release mouse. Release mouse.
To display an amplitude scale bar

1. Right click in the EEG review window.
2. Click Amplitude Tool.
A 20 mm vertical bar is displayed at the location of the right mouse click, and uses the
same display colors as the measurement tool. The text value is the amplitude of the
entire 20 mm bar in micro-volts, which adjusts to the sensitivity setting.
To split the screen

1 Split the screen one of two ways:
Click the small vertical bar on the left edge of the scroll bar: . Then, drag it
across the scroll bar to the desired position:
Select Split from the Window pull-down menu. The screen divider will appear. Move it
to the desired position by moving the pointer, then click to place.
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2 The screen will now display two portions of the same record:
You can move through each portion independently for comparisons. Time of recording
and elapsed time for each portion appear on the status line. If they are not displayed,
select Status from the View pull-down menu.
3 To return to one screen, click and drag the divider back to the left edge.
To choose the display mode

1 If you want 10 equal divisions of EEG (the equivalent of one page of paper EEG)
always on the screen, click or select 10 Divisions from the View pull-down menu.
2 If you want your screen to show as many seconds of actual size EEG that will fit on
the screen, click again or select 10 Divisions from the View pull-down menu
again so it is un-checked. Make sure you have calibrated your screen size under
View - Options - General tab. Larger monitors will display more than ten divisions
while smaller monitors may display less.
Note: If you select Full Screen from the View pull-down menu or click , the EEG display
will fill the entire screen including where toolbars are normally shown.
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To save/delete selected sections

Sections of EEG can be marked for saving (deleting all unmarked areas), or marked for
deleting (saving all unmarked areas). The terms "Mark In" and "Mark Out" are used to mark
the beginning and ending of the EEG section.
1 Choose the type of data selection to be done. Click the right mouse button and select
Data Deletion Dialog or click the button to display saving and deleting options.
Select Mark For Save to delete the unmarked portions (saving only the marked
sections).
Select Mark For Delete to save the unmarked portions (deleting only the marked
sections).
NOTE - you can only perform one or the other in a record, not both. If you change the mark type
after selections have been made, the marks in the list will be removed.
If the record includes video, select the data type to be extracted: EEG only, video
only (with or without audio*), or both EEG and video (with audio). Select one type
of data for marking all sections of the record.
* Q-Video only.
Removed the check mark in the box.

2 Position the mouse pointer at the beginning of the EEG section to be marked.
3 Right-click the mouse and select Mark In.
4 Move forward or backward in the record to the end of the desired EEG section.
Right click the mouse and select Mark Out or Mark Out with Comment. A green bar
displays at the bottom of the EEG traces indicating the marked section.
Example:
Repeat for as many sections as you like in the record.
5 Click the right mouse button and select Data Deletion Dialog or click the
button to display saving and deleting options.
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To go to the start position of a section, double click on it.

To unmark any section, click on it, then select Remove Mark. The colored bar will
disappear. Select Remove All to unmark all sections.
6 Click Extract Data to remove the desired portions of the EEG: A message displays
allowing you to continue or cancel the extraction process. Select Yes to continue or
No to cancel.
NOTE: Once the sections have been deleted, they are permanently erased.
Other options on the Data Deletion Dialog window: (see figure in step 5 above)
 A check mark in the 'Auto-display on Right Click' box displays the dialog window
with any right mouse click in the review window.
 Mark In and Mark Out buttons are available for marking EEG sections with the
dialog window open.
 A check mark in the 'Show Mark Controls' box displays the entire dialog window.
Remove the check to hide the right half of the window.
 Right click on a mark in the list to view or edit the comment entered with the mark.
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Basic Steps for Reviewing EEG

Selecting a Record
• Click the button or select Read EEG from the File pull-down menu.
Select the patient, then click the button.
About the EEG Display:

The display will vary depending on which user selectable toolbars are selected, and where these toolbars are
placed on the screen. The description below assumes that the following items are selected under View-
Toolbars: Status bar, Parameters, Paging, View, Event, and Function keys toolbars.
• The montage name, chart speed, filter and sensitivity settings are located on the
parameter toolbar across the top of the screen. Elapsed time, time of day, and page
number are in the lower right hand corner of the screen (status bar).
Parameter toolbar:
Status bar:
• The EEG scroll bar is located at the bottom of the screen. The events (color-coded by
priority) and montage changes are displayed as vertical lines in this bar.
• The sensitivity can be changed by selecting the pull-down list in the parameters toolbar
at the top of the screen (may also use the up and down arrows on the ASCII keyboard).
• The paging buttons will be displayed at the top or bottom of the EEG display.
Reading the EEG Record:

• To move to the next event, press Alt and the left arrow or right arrow key, or click
on the triangles on either end of the EEG scroll bar. Use the Go To button to
display a list of all events/comments entered in the record. You can click on a listed
event/comment and then go to that event.
• To advance 1 page forward, click the left mouse button on the right side of the screen
(note the double arrowhead mouse cursor). You may also use the right arrow on the
ASCII keyboard.
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• To move back 1 page, click the left mouse button on the left side of the screen or use
the left arrow key on the ASCII keyboard.
• To move in one second increments, click the left mouse just to the left or right of the
center line of the page (note the single arrowhead mouse cursor).
• To automatically advance pages, hold the left mouse key down momentarily. Press the
left mouse key again to stop auto scan. Use the slider in the paging toolbar to adjust the
speed of the autoscan mode.
• To sweep/scroll the EEG, click EEG then Sweep (or Scroll) Forward. Or, click on
the sweep/scroll button on the paging toolbar. Click on it again to stop.
• To change a montage, click on the montage name in the parameter toolbar. The list of
pre-programmed montages will appear. Select another montage or check "As Recorded"
to return to the recorded montage.
• To move a trace to a different position, left click and drag the trace label to the desired
position. Release the mouse button and the trace will move to the new location.
• To change filters or sensitivity, click the arrow to the right of the setting in the
parameter toolbar at the top of the screen. Select the new value from the pull down
window.
• To filter an individual channel, right click on the channel name, (e.g., EKG). Highlight
the parameter you want to change. Select the value from the pop up window.
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• To access the EEG Ruler, click the right mouse button while over the EEG. Select the
Measurement Tool. Click and hold the left mouse button to activate the EEG ruler.
Use the ruler to measure frequency, amplitude, and duration. When finished with the
ruler, click the right mouse button and select Paging Tool.
• To add a comment, press the comment key on the dedicated keyboard or click on the
button on the event toolbar. Click on the area of the screen where you want the
event positioned, then type in the comment. Select OK or press Enter.
• To mark a page for saving or for deletion, click the right mouse button then click
Selection Tool. Click and drag the mouse across the EEG to be marked. Right click the
mouse then choose Mark for Saving or Mark for Deletion (cut and copy are not yet
functional). Use the right or left arrow keys on the ASCII keyboard to move through the
record, stopping to mark sections of EEG. To exit from the Selection Tool, click Tools
then Paging Tool. When you close the record, a window is displayed that asks if the
appropriate segments of EEG should be removed. Answer Yes to delete the segments
marked for deletion or not marked for saving.
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To Print the EEG:
• Select Page Setup from the File pull-down menu to open the Page Setup dialog box.
Select the desired parameters, paying close attention to the EEG options at bottom. Click
OK.
• To print the page currently displayed, Click or select Print Page from the File pull-
down menu.
• To print multiple pages, select Print from the File pull-down menu to open the Print
dialog box. Select the desired options including print range and page interval options.
Click OK.
Closing the EEG Record:
• Click the button or select Close from the File pull-down menu when
finished reviewing the EEG.
• Select Yes or No to mark the record as Ready to Archive for long-term storage. (EEG
record appears in both the Archiving menu and the Read EEG menu).
Bookmarks
Bookmarking Selected Sections
A bookmark marks a segment of the EEG record, saving its current montage, filter,
sensitivity, and paper speed settings. Bookmarks allow the user to quickly review notable
sections of the EEG record. They are also used for including segments of the EEG in
reports.
1 Click the Add Bookmark button on the bookmark toolbar or select
Bookmarks from the EEG pull-down menu, then select Add.
(If the above toolbar is not on your screen, select Toolbars from the View pull-down
menu,
then click Bookmarks in the Toolbars dialog box.)
2 Enter a Title for the EEG segment, and adjust the elapsed times as desired:
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The program enters a default title of 'Bookmark1'. If a unique title is not entered, the
next bookmark has a default title of 'Bookmark2', and so on. The default titles are not
dependent on elapsed time. If you page backwards and place a new bookmark the
default title contains the next sequential number.
The default beginning and ending elapsed times correspond to the beginning and ending
times of the EEG page being viewed on the screen. Increase or decrease the size of the
EEG segment by adjusting these times.
3 Click OK to add the bookmark.
The current montage, filter, sensitivity and paper speed will be saved with the event.
More than one bookmark can be created at the same location if they have different
settings.
Reviewing Bookmarks
Click the Previous Bookmark or Next Bookmark button on the bookmark toolbar
or select Bookmarks from the EEG pull-down menu.
Highlight a bookmark then click Go To.
Note: The toolbar buttons will only go to the next or previous bookmark that does not start on the
current page. Use the Bookmarks window to move between several bookmarks on the
same page.
Note: Bookmark events can be marked on the position scroll bar. Select Options from the View
pull-down menu. Select the Review tab, then highlight Bookmarks under the Event
Group. Remove the check mark from the following two items: 1) Do not show on scroll
bar, and 2) Skip when jumping from event to event.
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Deleting Bookmarks
1 To delete all the bookmarks, click the Delete Bookmarks button on the bookmark
toolbar . Click Yes in the pop-up window to permanently delete all
the bookmarks in the EEG record.
2 To delete individual bookmarks, click the Manage Bookmarks button on the
bookmark toolbar or select Bookmarks from the EEG pull-down
menu.
Highlight the bookmark(s), then select Delete.
Printing Bookmarks
1 To print a single bookmark or several selected bookmarks, click the Manage
Bookmarks button on the bookmark toolbar .
Highlight the bookmark(s) on the Bookmark window then click Print.

2 To print all the bookmarks, select Print from the File pull-down menu. Under Print
Range select Bookmarks, then click OK.
3 To print the bookmarks in an EEG report, select Report Menu from the File pull-
down menu.
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Highlight the Bookmarked Segments Report on the Select Report window then click OK.
The report displays in the report editor. Edit or add comments as desired, then click the
print button .
Printing
To print a record
1 Open the record you want to print.
2 Select Page Setup from the File pull-down menu to open the Page Setup dialog box.
Select the desired parameters, paying close attention to the EEG options at bottom.
Click OK.
3 To print the page currently displayed, Click or select Print Page from the File
pull-down menu.
4 To print multiple pages, select Print from the File pull-down menu to open the Print
dialog box. Select the desired print range options including bookmarks, pages, elapsed
time (ET) and page interval options. Click OK.
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EEG Reports
Creating Report Headers
Each user who logs in may customize his/her own EEG report header. The header for
the currently logged in user is inserted at the beginning of the EEG report. If you only
use one clinic, hospital and/or physician name in the header, each user who logs in
should create the same custom report header. If different report headers are needed, you
will need to log in under the user name that contains the report header. In that case you
may want to create user log in names that correspond to the report headers.
1 Select QuickMed Setup from the Edit pull-down menu.
2 Select the Edit User's EEG Report Header button. The default RTF file editor
will open.
3 Type your report header. You can use bold, italic, or underline text and different font
sizes. However, all the lines remain "left justified" in the report, even if center or right
justify is used.
4 When finished, click the Save button .

5 To close, click the "X" in the top right corner of the editor window.
Note: EEG reports and Sleep reports each maintain separate report headers. To create separate
headers for the optional sleep software, select Options from the Sleep Score pull-down
menu, select Customize Sleep Report Header.
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Generating EEG Reports

The report menu contains 3 basic EEG report templates and one interactive
comprehensive report template .
EEG Report: includes the report header, patient and record information, plus fields to
enter technique, findings, and interpretation.
EEG Test Information: includes the report header, patient and record information.
Bookmarked Segments: includes the report header plus all the bookmarked segments
of EEG. The traces do not print actual size, thus horizontal and vertical scales are
included.
EEG Narrative Report: includes the report header, patient and record information,
plus and interactive, comprehensive, create-as-you-go EEG Report
The user can edit these templates, or create his/her own custom templates (reports).
Note: A template is a file that contains specific commands, called Tokens, thatTokens, which tell
the Report Generator program the specific data to obtain from the record and include in
the report. The template can also contain normal "text" such as labels.
Note: EEG report generation is only available when QuickMed is enabled and a user is logged
in. Select QuickMed Setup from the Edit pull-down menu. Verify that the Enable
QuickMed box has a check mark. If you have not logged on, select Login User from the
1 Select Report Menu from the File pull-down menu.

2 Highlight the desired report from the report list, then click OK.
3 The report first displays in the QM Report Generator and can be edited similar to any
word processor. Make any edits as necessary.
4 Click the Print button to print the report.

5 To close the report, click
the "X" in the upper
right hand corner. The
program prompts you to
save the report as RTF
file. If you want to
import the report into
another program such as
a word processor, click
Yes. Otherwise, click
NO.
6 If you save the report as
an RTF file, the standard Save As window displays.
Note the "Save in" box where the file is being saved. Click the down arrow for this box to change
the location [e.g. 3 1/2 floppy (A:) ]. Click the Save button to save the file.
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7
Chapter
PSG System Setup
The Cadwell Easy II PSG/EEG for Windows® software can be
configured to acquire and review sleep and EEG data.4 To
perform a sleep recording, you must have the Sleep Score option
at the top of the screen with the other pull down menus (File,
Edit, View, etc).
This guide describes how to configure the system for recording and scoring sleep studies.
LOGGING IN
Users must log in to enable sleep
scoring and report capability. By
default, the login screen will display
during the Easy program startup.
To login, highlight your User Name

and click OK.
To bypass this login screen at
startup, remove the check mark in
the "Show this dialog at startup"
box. Easy will then automatically
log in with the last user selected the
next time it starts up.
To restore the login screen at startup, select QuickMed Setup from the Edit pull-down
menu. Open the QuickMed Utilities dialog. On the Startup tab, check the "Show login at
startup" box. Close all dialogs with OK.
To change the current logged in user to a different user while the program is running, select
Login User from the File pull-down menu. All records must be closed before you can
change the logged in user.
Note: Login is only available when QuickMed is enabled. To enable QuickMed, select QuickMed
Setup from the Edit pull-down menu. Place a check in the Enable QuickMed box and
close the dialog with OK.
4If your system does not have a software option for sleep scoring, contact Cadwell for information regarding upgrading
your system.
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DEFINING SLEEP MONTAGES
The Easy EEG software will allow you to configure virtually an unlimited number of
polysomnographic montages. If you have multiple Easy Labs or Reading stations, you can
create your montages on one station and then copy the montages to the other networked
stations using the Montage tab in the Record Manager.
Selecting the channels for sleep scoring montages is identical to standard EEG montage
editing (see Creating a Sleep Montage below). After the channels are defined, there is one
extra step towards completing the sleep montages.
This step allows you to:
 Designate the channel that specific sleep events will be associated with during
scoring (Associated Sleep Event)
 Designate the data type of specific channels used for scoring and reporting (Data
Type for Deletion)
Suggested Trace Properties:
Channel Associated Sleep Event Data Type for Detection

Oral/Nasal Airflow Apnea/Hypopnea Airflow
Chest Movement/Effort None Respiratory Effort
Abdomen Movement/Effort None Respiratory Effort
Chin None Chin EMG
EEG Arousal Sleep Stage EEG
EEG (optional) None Sleep Stage EEG
EEG Seizure Other
EKG Arrhythmia, Brad-/Tachycardia, or EKG
Long/Short R-R
L-EOG None EOG
R-EOG None EOG
Pulse Rate (DC input) Brad-/Tachycardia Heart Rate
CPAP Pressure None CPAP Pressure
Oximetry O2 Desaturation SaO2
Snoring Microphone Snoring Snoring
Leg EMG PLMS PLMS
To enter sleep events, each event type needs to be associated with a trace in the current
montage. For example, a leg EMG channel could be used to score a periodic leg movement
(PLM) type event, an EEG channel could be associated with an arousal event, an oral
respiration channel could be associated with an apnea/hypopnea event, etc.
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CREATING A SLEEP MONTAGE
Select Montages from the Edit pull-down window. Select New, then enter the Active
Electrode, Reference Electrode, and Trace Label for each channel. If a channel will be
associated with a sleep event, you will need to assign properties that will specify the type of
event that will be associated with the channel. Click the left mouse button on the active or
reference electrode of the channel, then click the Properties button at the bottom of the
window. Next click the Sleep Score tab.
Note the Trace Properties displayed on the next page
By default, the Associated Sleep Event is set

to None and Data Type is set to Other.
Verify that you have selected the
appropriate Associated Sleep Event, then
click the corresponding Data Type. If there
is no appropriate data type, select Other.
Click OK to save your selections. Continue
this process for each event that may be
scored from the sleep recording. For
further details see the individual Montage
Property Settings for each event under
Detection Settings beginning on page 13.
NOTE: In Easy V2.1, Associated Sleep Events and Data Type for Detection are included in the
Traces table in the Montage Editor window. Scroll the Traces table to the far right until
you see the Associated Sleep Events and Data Type for Detection columns. Click the
desired box in either column to select the appropriate item from the pull-down menu.
Changing an item in the table makes a corresponding change in the Trace Properties
window.
NOTE: In Easy V2.1, Associated Sleep Events and Data Type for Detection are included in the
Traces table in the Montage Editor window. Scroll the Traces table to the far right until
you see the Associated Sleep Events and Data Type for Detection columns. Click the
desired box in either column to select the appropriate item from the pull-down menu.
Changing an item in the table makes a corresponding change in the Trace Properties
window
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Excluding a Channel:
Ordinarily a channel is included in the PSG display. You can however exclude the channel
from the display while still including it in any analysis algorithms. For example, you could
“hide” the SaO2 channel while recording and use only the SaO2 trend display. At review
time, analysis algorithms would still detect the "hidden" SaO2 data.
NOTE: If a channel is not in a montage, that data is unavailable for any kind of analysis while
that montage is in effect. Excluding a channel keeps it in the montage.
To exclude a channel from the display, scroll the Traces table to the right until you see the
Include in Display column. Remove the check for that channel in the Include in Display
column.
Overlapping Two Channels:

Two traces in the display can be directly compared by drawing both along the same
baseline. A trace may be drawn over the one immediately above (preceding) it in the
display if:
 It is not the topmost trace in the display

 Neither the current nor preceding trace uses a DC input
 Both the current and preceding trace are visible (trace property)
 The preceding trace is not already overlapping its preceding trace and the next trace
in the display is not overlapping the current one
 Both the current and preceding trace have defined active inputs
Deleting or inserting a trace into a montage will set the overlap property of the next trace
in the display to false. Overlapping traces will not change the position of the labels in the
trace label bar. Any additional data or input will also continue to use the original position
of the trace that is now overlapping the previous one. For example, sleep event bars or
periodic DC values will still be drawn in the original position of the trace. The mouse
cursor must be moved into this area to see DC values or to enter a new sleep event.
Page 118 of 251

DC DEVICE SETUP (for PSG studies)

Before an external DC device is used for a sleep recording, it must be assigned, defined and
calibrated within the Cadwell Easy system. Each DC device has unique voltage outputs,
even between two devices of the same brand and model. The particular EEG headbox and
the specific DC input used may also affect the data. You need a unique device definition
(calibration) for each setup combination of DC device, headbox, and DC input you will use.
DC device setup is done on the recording station.
The DC amplifier for the Easy II system has an internal oximeter and body position sensor.
Note the DC input settings for the Easy II DC amplifier listed below.
Easy II DC Amplifier with Internal Oximeter and Body Position
Channel Input Assignment The internal oximeter and body position devices
External DC Input # 1 DC1-A* are pre-calibrated and ready for selection in your
External DC Input # 2 DC2-A* sleep montage. Simply select POS for body position,
External DC Input # 3 DC3-A* HR for pulse, or SaO2 for SaO2 in the montage editor.
External DC Input # 4 DC4-A*
Internal Body Position POS-A*
Internal Pulse Rate HR-A* * If a second DC amplifier is used, the Input
Assignments are designated by a "-B".
Internal Oximetry SaO2-A*
INPUT REPLACEMENT (step 1)

Each DC input that is used replaces an AC input. In step 1 you select the AC inputs that will be
turned off while using the DC amplifier.
Select Tools, then Setup DC Devices. Select the Assignment tab.
Page 119 of 251

For each external DC input that will be used, click the corresponding box in the "Replace this Input"
column. Select an AC input (from the drop down menu) to be replaced by the DC input. If the DC
input is unused, select None.
Place a check in the Enable DC Inputs box to enable the DC amplifier.
When you have finished selecting the AC inputs to replace, click Apply.
DEVICE DEFINITION (step 2)

Select the Devices tab.
On the Devices tab, select the Add button.
Page 120 of 251

Enter a Name that will uniquely identify the device. Note the DC Device Definition displayed above
for a Nellcor®5 N-200 oximeter. For a multi-function device like a pulse oximeter you will need to
enter separate device definitions for each function (e.g., SaO2 and heart rate).
Select the appropriate Measurement Function. If the type of data recorded by the device is not
listed, select Other.
If available, select the Data Type. Numeric devices report a number such as oximetry (e.g., 88%, 74
BPM). Text devices provide text output such as body position (e.g., prone, or right). For some
Measurement Functions the Data Type is selected for you.
For Numeric Devices, enter the maximum and minimum values the device is expected to measure.
The device manual should provide the expected range. For example, a SaO2 device might have a
data range of 0 – 100 or 50 – 100.
A numeric device only has one Label. Enter the units of measurement. For example, SaO2 displays
in % and heart rate displays BPM (beats per minute). For some Measurement Functions selections,
the Label is entered for you.
For Text Devices, you can define up to six text labels. Enter the output for the device in the Label
boxes. If there are less than six outputs, enter as many as you have starting with Label 1 and leave
the unused label(s) blank.
Once the definition is complete, select Calibrate to continue with device calibration or select OK to
save it and exit.
5 Nellcor is a registered trademark of Mallinckrodt, Inc.
Page 121 of 251

DEVICE CALIBRATION (step 3)

To calibrate a new device:
Define the DC device (see steps 1 and 2 above) and then select Calibrate.
To re-calibrate a device:
Select Tools, then Setup DC Devices. Highlight the device you wish to calibrate from the list, then
select Calibrate.
Calibrating a DC Device by Reading the Value from an Attached DC Device.

Select the Read Calibration Value From Attached Device option.
Select the DC input the device is plugged in to (external DC inputs 1, 2, 3 or 4). For best results, use
the input channel you will be using while recording.
Initially, leave the input gain set to High.
For a numeric device, there should be a button for the high and low value range entered in the device
definition. For a text device, there should be one button for each of the labels you entered in the
device definition. You will calibrate the device at each button.
Select a calibration value button. A message will appear allowing you to confirm the device is
plugged in as expected and is set to output the correct calibration voltage.
Select OK when the device is outputting the calibration value. The program will sample the input
and take an average. Make sure the device continues to out-put the value during this process (e.g.,
some devices require you to press and hold a button on the device to continue the output). If a
message appears that warns you the input is saturated, set the amplifier gain to Low and try again.
Continue the previous step until all the calibration values have been entered. After calibrating all the
buttons, the Value box should show you the current reading from the device.
When you are satisfied with the calibration, click OK to save it. Click OK again to exit the
Definitions window.
Calibrating a DC Device By Manually Entering A Voltage Value (This allows devices that cannot
hold two known values long enough to take a reading to be calibrated (e.g., calibrating flow and leak).
Page 122 of 251

Select the Manually Enter Voltage for Calibration Value option

Enter the expected output voltage for the low calibration value.
Enter the expected output voltage for the high calibration value.
Click Ok to save it.
ASSIGNING THE DEVICE TO ITS DC INPUT (step 4)

After defining and calibrating a device, you
must tell the system which devices will be
attached to which DC inputs for recording.
Select the Assignment tab.
For each external DC input being used, use
the drop down menu in the Device Name
column to select the device that will be
attached to it. If there will not be a device
attached to an input, select Default.
Make sure the Enable DC Inputs box is
checked to enable the DC amplifier.
When you have finished assigning devices to
specific inputs, click OK.
Page 123 of 251

Sample PSG Montage with Internal Oximeter
Tr Active Referenc Name Sens High Low Trace Event Data Type
ace e Cut Cut
1 C4 A1 C4-A1 10 V/mm 70 Hz 0.53 Hz none other
2 C3 A2 C3-A2 10 V/mm 70 Hz 0.53 Hz arousal Sleep Staging

EEG
3 O2 A1 O2-A1 10 V/mm 70 Hz 0.53 Hz arousal Sleep Staging

EEG
4 O1 A2 O1-A2 10 V/mm 70 Hz 0.53 Hz none other
5 FP2 A1 REOG 10 V/mm 70 Hz 0.53 Hz none EOG
6 FP1 A2 LEOG 10 V/mm 70 Hz 0.53 Hz none EOG
7 F3 F4 Chin 7 V/mm 70 Hz 10 Hz none Chin EMG

EMG
8 1A Ref EKG 50 V/mm 70 Hz 1 Hz Brady/tachycardi EKG

a
9 2A Ref R AT 7 V/mm 70 Hz 10 Hz PLMS PLMS
10 3A Ref L AT 7 V/mm 70 Hz 10 Hz PLMS PLMS
11 4A Ref Flow 50 V/mm 15 Hz 0.16 Hz apnea/hypopnea airflow
12 5A Ref Chest 50 V/mm 15 Hz 0.16 Hz none respiratory effort
13 6A Ref Abdomen 50 V/mm 15 Hz 0.16 Hz none respiratory effort
14 SaO2-A -- SaO2 -- -- -- desaturation SaO2
15 HR-A -- Pulse -- -- -- none heart rate
16 POS-A -- Body Pos -- -- -- none position
Page 124 of 251

Sample PSG Montage with External Oximeter
Trace Active Referenc Name Sens High Low Trace Event Data Type
e Cut Cut
1 C4 A1 C4-A1 10 V/mm 70 Hz 0.53 Hz none other
2 C3 A2 C3-A2 10 V/mm 70 Hz 0.53 Hz arousal Sleep Staging

EEG
3 O2 A1 O2-A1 10 V/mm 70 Hz 0.53 Hz arousal Sleep Staging

EEG
4 O1 A2 O1-A2 10 V/mm 70 Hz 0.53 Hz none other
5 FP2 A1 REOG 10 V/mm 70 Hz 0.53 Hz none EOG
6 FP1 A2 LEOG 10 V/mm 70 Hz 0.53 Hz none EOG
7 F3 F4 Chin 7 V/mm 70 Hz 10 Hz none Chin EMG

EMG
8 1A Ref EKG 50 V/mm 70 Hz 1 Hz Brady/tachycardi EKG

a
9 2A Ref R AT 7 V/mm 70 Hz 10 Hz PLMS PLMS
10 3A Ref L AT 7 V/mm 70 Hz 10 Hz PLMS PLMS
11 4A Ref Flow 50 V/mm 15 Hz 0.16 Hz apnea/hypopnea airflow
12 5A Ref Chest 50 V/mm 15 Hz 0.16 Hz none respiratory effort
13 6A Ref Abdomen 50 V/mm 15 Hz 0.16 Hz none respiratory effort
14 DC1- -- SaO2 -- -- -- desaturation SaO2

A
15 DC2- -- Pulse -- -- -- none heart rate

A
16 DC3- -- Body Pos -- -- -- none position

A
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Setup for 2 DC Amplifiers

You will need the following components:
 Easy PSG/EEG Software,(version 1.7 or higher),Part # 369023-200, Revision #8
 2 – Easy DC Amplifiers, (modified), Part # 190186-200, Revision #5
 DC Amp Adapter, Part # 190202-200 Revision #0
 Easy 32 CH Amp firmware, (version 1.43 or higher),Part # 190179.200, Revision #9
Setup:
Verify you are using Easy Software version 1.7 or higher. If necessary, install Easy
software according to instructions included with install CD.
Upgrade Easy II Amplifier firmware to version 1.43 or higher according to
instructions included with Easy Software install CD.
Amp “B” is always top amplifier

DC Amp Adapter
Amp “A” is always bottom amplifier
Stack amplifiers as displayed in the picture above. Connect amplifiers together using
the DC Amp Adapter. The top amplifier is always Amp “B”, the bottom amplifier is always
Amp “A”.
Use: See the instructions for DC DEVICE SETUP in this manual.
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PSG RECORDING & REVIEW
8
Chapter
NOTE: If you are using an Easy II amp with the separate DC
amplifier, you must enable the DC inputs before you start
recording. Select View, Options, and then the Recording
tab. Check the Enable DC Inputs box (for standard EEG
recordings this box should not be checked). Save the
options by selecting OK.
Starting a sleep study is comparable to starting an EEG recording with the Easy
Windows software.
1. Select New Patient, and enter the patient information. Select Record. The 'Verify
Selected Amplifier Inputs' dialog displays.
2. Verify that all the inputs used in your montage are available. If not, select the
Assignment tab on the dialog to change the configuration. Click Continue when done. The
recording window opens.
3. Use the on screen icons to check impedance ,
4. run calibration signals ,;
5. and record PSG .
6. Select the paper speed by clicking the down arrow and sleep
montage by clicking the current montage button .
Note: Default Paper Speed and opening montage can be preset by selecting Options on the View
pull-down menu, then selecting the Recording tab.
Page 127 of 251

DC values are displayed in the right margin of the recording window. To see the values,
select View then DC Values. The values are updated about once per second.
To change the scaling or smooth the DC trace, double click the trace label and select the DC
Display tab in the Trace Properties dialog.
Remember to verify that all DC devices are calibrated and attached to the same inputs that
you selected for the device channel assignment. If you make a mistake and start recording
with the wrong device definitions or assignments, you can stop recording and correct the
device setup. The new setup will be applied to the whole record (including the data you
have already recorded). If you physically change the input a device is attached to, the
previous data will be invalid. You must close the recording and start a new recording.
DISPLAYING A SaO2 TREND BAR

During recording, select SaO2 Trend from the View pull-down menu.
The trend bar will display the SaO2 levels for the entire recording. This menu item is only
enabled if a valid DC SaO2 channel has been recorded. The trend graph is updated every
five seconds. The width of the graph initially represents one hour. When more than one
hour has elapsed since the recording first began, the time axis will adjust to show two hours,
then 3 hours and so on.
SpO2 Trend Bar Options
Right click on the trend bar to display a menu with the following selections:
Display Range Adjusts the maximum and minimum SaO2 values displayed by the trend.
The default range is the maximum and minimum valid values for SaO2 set under Sleep
Score|Options|Detection Settings.
Trend Color Choose the color for drawing the trend data. The default is black.
Copy Copies the current trend graph to the Windows clipboard.
Print Only enabled when data is not being acquired. Opens a standard Print dialog to print
the current trend graph. A color printer will print the same as the screen colors. The
printed graph will be sized as large as possible while preserving the proportions of the on-
screen graph. The graph can be resized by undocking it. After resizing, it can be docked
again and it will keep the new size).
Continuous Graph (default) A continuous line plotting SaO2 values is drawn.
Maximum/Minimum Graph Data is drawn using vertical lines to show the maximum and
minimum values during a time span (see Resolution below). ) Each time span is represented
by one vertical line (or dot if no value change). Depending on the resolution and recording
length, there may be space between the vertical lines.
Maximum/Minimum Resolution The length of time represented by each vertical line in
a Maximum/Minimum style graph. The options are 10, 30, and 60 seconds.
Page 128 of 251

ADDING SLEEP EVENTS DURING RECORDING

The user may add certain sleep events during recording (CPAP/Bilevel Pressure, Body
Position, O2 Titration, Lights Out and Lights On). The event can be entered in either the
recording or the review pane. In the recording window, Lights events will snap to the last
epoch boundary (elapsed time multiple of 30 seconds.). The other events can be positioned
with the vertical cursor.
To enter an event, select Lights or Add Change Event from the Sleep Score pull-down
menu, or click the item on the Sleep Event Toolbar
(enable under the View Pull-down menu).

If any of the above events are entered during the recording, the Easy system will ask the user
if they would like to run auto-detection at the completion of the recording. You may run
auto-detection at this time or any time after data collection.
Note: You can not enter sleep onset until the recording is sleep staged. If you are using the real
time scoring feature, or scoring after data collection you may use the sleep onset toolbar.
By default, Easy II will mark sleep onset as the first epoch of stage 2,3,4 or REM. If you
would like to mark a stage 1 epoch as sleep onset you must use the sleep onset toolbar.
If a recording is appended, the system checks for any sleep data sets associated with the
record. If found, the user will first be asked if they wish to start a new sleep data set or add
to an existing one. Clicking Cancel ignores any sleep data. In this case, the dialog is
displayed again if the user enters a sleep event later in the recording. If other events such as
apneas or PLMs were added to the record during review (prior to appending), they will be
visible in the review pane, but not editable.
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SLEEP SCORING OPTIONS

The Sleep Score Options menu contains the following four selections related to sleep
scoring review and reporting: Detection Settings, Sleep Events, Customize Sleep Report
Header and Staging Personalities. Each section is described below.
DETECTION SETTINGS
This Ooption contains configurable selections related to auto-detection of sleep events and
report calculations. Verify that these settings are appropriately configured for your testing
facility.
Select Sleep Score, Options and then Detection Settings. Or click on the Sleep Menu
toolbar.
Select the desired tab (heart rate, PLMS, snoring, SaO2, CPAP/BiLevel, apnea/hypopnea,
desaturations, or staging) at the top of the Detection Settings window.
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SaO2 Tab
Overview:
The SaO2 settings determine the values that will be included in Easy Sleep report statistics
for SaO2 values.
Detection Settings:
Valid Calibrated Readings:
The Ignore Values Above/Below boxes set
the range of values that will be considered
valid SaO2 data. To be useful, these values
should be within or equal to the data range
for the SaO2 DC device. Setting the lower
limit can be used to ignore readings when a
connection is lost. If these limits are set
equal to the calibrated range, no values from
the device will be ignored.
SaO2 Detection Settings

Count Occurrences Below:
Users may wish to include in their reports the number of times the SaO2 level goes below a
certain value. This reporting value is set in the Count box. It must be equal to or within the
valid data limits (e.g., it can not be less than the Ignore Below Value). If the Count limit is
between the Ignore Above and Below limits, the sleep reports will include the number of
times the SaO2 level fell below the count limit, but was still valid. A line representing this
value will also be drawn on the SaO2 graphs in the sleep reports. Setting the count limit
equal to the Ignore Below Value effectively disables this reporting function.
NOTE: The calibrated device range is not linked to these values; it is up to the user to set limits
that make sense with their DC devices.
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CPAP/Bilevel TAB
Overview:
These settings determine the range of CPAP and Bilevel
pressures that will be tabulated in the Easy Sleep reports.
Detection Settings:
The Ignore Values Above/Below boxes allow the user
to determine the low and high range of CPAP and
bilevelBiLevel data that will be presented in the Therapy
report. Values outside these settings will not be
included in any report calculations. To be useful, these
values should be within or equal to the data range for
the DC device. Setting the lower limit can be used to
ignore readings when a connection is lost. If these limits
are set equal to the calibrated range, no CPAP Pressure Detection Settings values from the
device will be ignored.
Montage Properties Settings for CPAP Pressure

Devices:
Before recording, verify that each of your sleep montages
have been configured correctly.
Review the property settings for the DC CPAP Pressure
channel.
Select Edit then Montages. Highlight a sleep montage,
then click Edit.
Click the CPAP channel, then Click Properties. Select the
Sleep Score tab.
The settings should be configured as follows:
Montage Settings: CPAP Pressure
C H A N N E L A S S O C I A T E D D A T A T Y P E
D E S C R I P T I O N S L E E P E V E N T
C P A P ( D C I N P U T N O N E C P A P
D E V I C E S O N L Y ) P R E S S U R E
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Apnea/Hypopnea TAB
Overview:
The Apnea/Hypopnea settings control the automatic detection of respiratory event data.
Respiratory events are detected during sleep only.
NOTE: Verify that the sleep stages have been scored before attempting to auto-detect respiratory
events.
The Easy Sleep System creates two models of respiration based on the current recording.
One model is created for the airflow channel(s); the other is created for each respiratory
effort channel. The Easy Sleep System can use up to 3 airflow channels and 4 respiratory
effort channels in the automatic detection of a respiratory event.
Models of respiration are based on five minutes of previous data. The Easy System rejects
periods of wakefulness, movement, amplifier calibration, and respiratory event periods when
creating patient specific models of respiration.
Detection Settings:
Minimum and Maximum Duration:
This is the minimum and maximum
duration requirement (in seconds) for
detecting apneas and hypopneas.
Maximum time after event to find

minimum SaO2 value (in seconds):
This is the maximum time after the end of
a respiratory event the software will
examine the oximeter tracing to determine
the lowest saturation associated with the
respiratory event.
Amplitude Limits (% of Baseline)

Minimum Respiratory Effort: This is the minimum percent of respiratory effort
amplitude the user can set to determine the presence of respiratory effort (e.g., a value of 25
requires the respiratory effort amplitude to be at least 25 % of the baseline amplitude). This
setting effects all types of apnea events (central, mixed, and obstructive). Increasing this
value causes the program to detect less respiratory effort. Decreasing this value causes the
program to detect more respiratory effort.
Maximum Apnea Airflow: This setting allows the user to select the threshold below which
a respiratory flow channel will be considered as having no flow. The amplitude of the wave
Page 133 of 251

is compared to the preceding baseline. If it is equal to or smaller than this setting, it will be
considered an area of no flow for apnea detection. Increasing this value causes the program
to detect more periods of no flow, and thus more apneas. Decreasing this value causes the
program to detect less no flow and fewer apneas.
Minimum desaturation to score apnea (%):
These settings allow the user to specify the percentage of oximetry desaturation (from
baseline saturation) required to detect each type of apnea event.
Hypopnea airflow amplitude drop for baseline (%):
This setting allows the user to require a specified drop in airflow amplitude to mark a
hypopnea. The detection program will mark a hypopnea if the airflow amplitude drops at
least by the percent specified from the respiratory effort model.
Minimum desaturation to score hypopnea (%):
This setting allows the user to specify the percentage oximetry desaturation (from baseline
saturation) required to detect hypopnea events.
NOTE: It is important to realize that the computerized process of auto-detection of

polysomnographic events is only an aid for the physician in the establishment of a
diagnosis. It does not replace the physician or diminish the requirement to use sound
professional judgment when reviewing and scoring data.
Montage Properties Settings for Apnea/Hypopnea Detection:
 Before recording, verify that each of your sleep montages have been configured
correctly.
 Review the property settings for airflow and effort channels.
 Select Edit then Montages. Highlight a sleep montage, then click Edit.
 Click the respective channel, then Click Properties. Select the Sleep Score tab.
These settings should be configured as follows:
C H A N N E L A S S O C I A T E D S L E E P D A T A T Y P E
D E S C R I P T I O N E V E N T
O R A L / N A S A L A P N E A / H Y P O P N E A A I R F L O W
A I R F L O W
C H E S T E F F O R T N O N E R E S P I R A T O R Y
E F F O R T
A B D O M E N E F F O R T N O N E R E S P I R A T O R Y
E F F O R T
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NOTE: When changes are made to the Apnea/Hypopnea detection settings, the user must re-
detect apnea and hypopnea events for the change to be applied. Select Sleep Score, then
Auto-detect to re-detect apneas and hypopneas.
Desaturations TAB
Overview:
Desaturation Settings control the automatic detection of oximetry desaturation events. The
Easy Sleep System calculates baseline saturation based on the most common (mode) value
recorded in the previous 10 minutes of recording. When determining baseline saturation,
the Easy Sleep System rejects periods of wakefulness, movement, amplifier calibration, and
desaturation event periods.
Detection Settings:
Minimum Event Duration:
This setting controls the minimum
duration (in seconds) to detect a
desaturation. To increase the likelihood
of detecting desaturation events, lower
this setting.
Maximum Event Duration:
This controls the maximum duration (in
seconds) for a desaturation event. If
prolonged desaturation events occur
related to artifact, decrease this setting.
Desaturation Detection settings
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% Change from Baseline:
This setting determines the percentage drop from baseline saturation required to identify a
desaturation event.

polysomnographic events is only an aid for the physician in the establishment of a
diagnosis. It does not replace the physician or diminish the requirement to use sound
professional judgment when reviewing and scoring data.
Montage Properties Settings for Desaturation Detection:
 Before recording, verify that each  Select Edit then Montages.

of your sleep montages have been Highlight a sleep montage, then
configured correctly. click Edit.
 Review the property settings for  Click the SaO2 channel, then
the SaO2 DC input. Click Properties. Select the Sleep
Score tab.
Channel Description Associated Sleep Event Data Type
Oximeter/SaO2 (DC input devices only) O2 Desaturation SaO2
Desaturation Detection Settings

Heart Rate TAB

Overview:
The Heart Rate detection settings control the auto-detection of bradycardia, tachycardia,
long R-R, and short R-R events. Mean heart rate data detected from the EKG channel is
calculated during sleep and wakefulness. Periods of movement and calibration are excluded
from event detection.
Detection Settings:
The Ignore Values Above/Below boxes
allow the user to set the low and high
range of heart rate data that will be
presented in the cardiac reports.
Recorded values outside these limits will
not be included in any report
calculations.
To be useful, these values should be
within or equal to the data range for the
heart rate DC device. Setting the lower
limit can be used to ignore readings
when a connection is lost. I
Heart Rate Detection Settings
f these limits are set equal to the calibrated
range, no values from the device will be
ignored.
Events:
Bradycardia decrease from baseline (%)
Bradycardia events will be marked when the heart rate decreases by the percent specified.
Tachycardia increase from baseline (%)

Tachycardia events will be marked when the heart rate increases by the percent specified.
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Long R-R%
This setting looks at the percent increase in time between R-waves required to mark an R-
wave-to-R-wave interval as "Long R-R." The long R-R algorithm compares the current R-R
interval to the previous R-R interval. If the second interval has increased by the percent
specified, the second R-wave-to-R-wave (R-R) interval is marked as a long R-R event. A
long R-R interval is then ignored in determining the next interval. To reduce the number of
Long R-R events detected, increase the Long R-R % setting.
Short R-R%
This setting looks at the percent decrease in time between R-waves required to mark an R-
wave-to-R-wave interval as "Short R-R." The short R-R algorithm compares the current R-
R interval to the previous R-R interval. If the second interval has decreased by the percent
specified, the second R-wave-to-R-wave (R-R) interval is marked as a short R-R event. A
short R-R interval is then ignored in determining the next interval. To reduce the number of
Short R-R events, decrease the Short R-R setting.
Montage Properties Settings for Heart Rate Event Detection:

 Review the property settings for  Click the EKG/pulse rate
the EKG and/or DC Pulse Rate channel, then Click Properties.
input(s). Select the Sleep Score tab.
Please note the following cardiac event options that are available when setting up your sleep
montages:
Pulse Rate (DC input) Bradycardia/Tachycardia Heart Rate
EKG (AC input) Long/Short R-R EKG
EKG (AC input) Arrhythmia EKG
EKG (AC input) Bradycardia/Tachycardia EKG
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Long/Short R-R Events (AC) Arrhythmia Events (AC)
Bradycardia / Tachycardia Events (AC) Bradycardia / Tachycardia Events (DC)
NOTE: Each channel can have only one associated sleep event. To assign more than one event to
the EKG Channel, include multiple channels of EKG in the montage. Then if you only
want to display a single EKG channel in the record, uncheck the Visible box on the
General tab under Properties for all but one EKG channel.
Trace Properties: Visible box unchecked
PLMS TAB
Overview:
The Easy Sleep System settings enable the user to save considerable time when using the
auto-detection program to identify limb movements. The system software will enable the
user to set values consistent with the recommendations of the ASDA6 regarding the
identification and analysis of periodic limb movements. Limb movements are detected
during sleep only.
NOTE: Verify that the sleep stages have been scored before attempting to auto-detect limb
movement events.
6 Recording and Scoring Leg Movements, ASDA Report, The Journal of Sleep, 16(8): 748-759
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Detection Settings:
Minimum and Maximum Duration are
the time limits (in seconds) required to
detect a periodic limb movement. To
decrease the number of PLM bursts
detected, increase the minimum duration
to 1 second.
Episodes:
Minimum Duration Between Bursts
(seconds):
This option allows the user to set the
minimum number of seconds that can
occur between two detected limb
movements. A limb movement that
Periodic Limb Movement Detection Settings
follows too close to another will be
Events: ignored when determining episodes.
Minimum Amplitude is the required
amplitude to detect a movement on a limb
EMG channel
Maximum duration between bursts (seconds):
This option allows the user to set the maximum number of seconds that can occur between
two detected limb movements to be considered within the same episode.
Minimum events per episode:

This option allows the user to set the minimum number of bursts or leg movements
required for reporting a series of limb movements as a periodic limb movement episode.
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Montage Properties Settings for Periodic Limb Movement Event Detection:

 Review the property settings for  Click the limb EMG channel, then
the limb EMG input(s). Click Properties. Select the Sleep
Score tab.
A N T E R I O R P L M S P L M S
T I B I A L I S
Montage Settings: PLM Channel
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Snoring TAB
Overview:
This auto-detection setting allow the user to configure the Easy Sleep System to detect the
presence of snoring during periods of sleep.
Detection Settings:
Minimum and Maximum Duration (in
seconds):
These settings allow the user to set the time
limits required to mark a snoring burst. To
score fewer snoring events, decrease the
minimum duration to 0.5 seconds.
Include Snore Arousals in RDI

calculation:
Place a check in the box adjacent to this
setting to include snore events with arousals
in the RDI calculation. NOTE: If a check
mark is placed in this setting snore events
with arousals will be included in the RDI
calculation (RDI w/check mark = apneas+hypopneas+snore events w/arousals). If a check
mark is not placed in this setting snore events with arousals will not be included in the RDI
calculation (RDI w/o check mark = apneas+hypopneas).
Montage Property Settings for Snoring Event Detection:

 Review the property settings for  Click the snore channel, then
the snore input. Click Properties. Select the Sleep
Score tab.
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Snoring Microphone Snoring Snoring
Montage Settings: Snore Channel
Staging TAB
Overview:
This auto-detection setting allows the user to select the personality to use for auto-staging.
Detection Settings:
Personality to use for sleep stage
detection:
Click the down arrow and select the
personality from the drop-down list.
The Personality Details box displays
information about the selected
personality.
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Montage Property Settings for Staging Detection:

 Review the property settings for  Click the snore channel, then
the snore input. Click Properties. Select the Sleep
Score tab.
Chin None Chin EMG
EEG (1 or 2 channels) Arousal Sleep Stage EEG
L-EOG None EOG
R-EOG None EOG
Montage Settings: EEG Channel Chin EMG Channel
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EOG Channel
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UNDERSTANDING SLEEP EVENT DETECTION
Oximetry Event Detection

Overview:
The Easy II Sleep system calculates baseline saturation based on the most common (mode)
value recorded in the previous 10 minutes of recording.
When determining baseline saturation, the Easy Sleep System rejects periods of wakefulness,
movement, amplifier calibration, and desaturation event periods.
Detection Settings:
Minimum Event Duration:
This setting controls the minimum duration (in seconds) to detect a desaturation. To
increase the
likelihood of
detecting
desaturation events,
lower this setting.
Maximum Event
Duration:
This controls the
maximum duration
RESPIRATORY EVENTS OXIMETRY (DESATURATION) EVENTS
(in seconds) for a
desaturation event.
If prolonged
desaturation events occur related to artifact, decrease this setting.
% Change from Baseline:
This setting determines the percentage drop from baseline saturation required to identify a
desaturation event.
Auto-detection Recommendations for Oximetry Desaturation Events
To Score More Oximetry Events
Decrease the minimum duration requirement to 8, 6, or 5 seconds and/or decrease the
minimum desaturation requirement to 3% or 2%.
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Respiratory Event Detection

Overview:
The Apnea/Hypopnea settings control the automatic detection of respiratory event data.
Respiratory events are detected during sleep only.
NOTE: Verify that the sleep stages have been scored before attempting to auto-detect respiratory
events.
The Easy II Sleep System creates two models of respiration based on the current recording.
One model is created for the airflow channel(s); the other is created for the respiratory effort
channel(s). The Easy II Sleep System can use up to 3 airflow channels and 4 respiratory
effort channels in the automatic detection of respiratory events.
Models of respiration are based on five minutes of previous data.
The Easy II Sleep System rejects the following episodes of time when creating a model of
respiration:
 Periods of wakefulness
 Movement
 Amplifier calibration
 Respiratory event periods
HYPOPNEA
Flow
Chest
ABD
The Easy II builds a model of respiration based on the FLOW signal.

Note the typical flow model (to the right) based on the previous 5
minutes of data. The model displayed represents a full amplitude
(typical) respiration.
The flow signal displayed to the right represents a 50% reduction in the
amplitude of a flow signal. With the Easy II Sleep system, the user can
configure hypopnea detection to look for a 50% reduction in flow
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amplitude to trigger a hypopnea event. If the patient continues to have multiple low
amplitude respirations (for at least 10 seconds) a hypopnea will be detected.
If the Easy II Sleep system detects no airflow for at least 10 seconds, an apnea will be
identified. To determine the type of apnea the Easy II Sleep system will look at the
respiratory effort model of respiration.
With the Easy II Sleep system, the user can set the autodetection
settings to require at least XX% (1-100%) amplitude of the typical
effort model. If the user has set the effort amplitude detection setting
to 20%, then the Easy II Sleep system will not detect any effort below
20% of the typical flow model.
Reccommedations: Respiratory Event Detection (Apnea/Hypopnea tab)
In general, the user can follow these basic reccommendations when using the respiratory
event detection software:
To Autodetect More Hypopneas:

Decrease the AIRFLOW AMPLITUDE drop from baseline to 30%, 20%, or 15%, and/or
decrease the MINIMUM DESATURATION requirement to 3%, 2%, or 0%. Re-run apnea
and hypopnea autodetection.
To Reject Hypopneas:
Require a desaturation event with the hypopnea. Set the MINIMUM DESATURATION
requirement to 4%.
To Autodetect More Apneas:

Decrease the MINIMUM DESATURATION requirement to 0% for all apneic events.
Increase the MAXIMUM APNEA AIRFLOW to 15%.
To Autodetect More Central Apneas instead of Obstructive Apneas:

Increase the MINIMUM RESPIRATORY EFFORT AMPLITUDE to 15%, 20%, or 25%.
To Autodetect More Obstructive Apneas instead of Central Apneas:

Decrease the MINIMUM RESPIRATORY EFFORT AMPLITUDE to 15%, 10%, or 5%.
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PLM Event Detection

Overview:
The Easy Sleep System settings enable the
user to save considerable time when using the
auto-detection program to identify limb
movements. The system software will enable
the user to set values consistent with the
recommendations of the ASDA7 regarding
the identification and analysis of periodic limb
movements.
The user has the ability to set multiple
controls that will allow the Easy II Sleep
system to auto detect periodic limb
movements.
Minimum and Maximum Duration are the

time limits (in seconds) required to detect a
periodic limb movement.
Minimum Amplitude (in microvolts)

This setting allows the user to select the minimum amplitude required to detect a movement
on a limb EMG channel. The higher the voltage setting, the higher the voltage required to
detect a limb movement.
Episodes:
Minimum Duration Between Bursts (seconds):
This option allows the user to set the minimum number of seconds that can occur between
two detected limb movements. A limb movement that follows too close to another will be
ignored when determining episodes.
Maximum duration between bursts (seconds):
This option allows the user to set the maximum number of seconds that can occur between
two detected limb movements to be considered within the same episode.
Minimum events per episode:
This option allows the user to set the minimum number of bursts or leg movements
required for reporting a series of limb movements as a periodic limb movement episode.
7 Recording and Scoring Leg Movements, ASDA Report, The Journal of Sleep, 16(8): 748-759
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Auto-detection Recommendations:
To Improve Auto-detection:
Verify that filter settings have been properly set form the PLM channel(s). In general,
increase your low filter to 10 Hz. Verify that the high filter is set at 70 Hz.
To Detect More PLM Events:

Decrease the minimum amplitude requirement from 50 microvolts to 40, or 30 microvolts.
Lower your MINIMUM DURATION to 0.5 or 0.3 seconds.
To Detect Less PLM Events:

Increase your minimum amplitude requirement to 50 microvolts. Increase your MINIMUM
DURATION TO 1 second.
Cardiac Event Detection

Overview:
The Heart Rate detection settings control the auto-detection of bradycardia, tachycardia,
long R-R, and short R-R events. Mean heart rate data detected from the EKG channel is
calculated during sleep and wakefulness. Periods of movement and calibration are excluded
from event detection.
Detection Settings: (Heart Rate tab)
The Ignore Values Above/Below boxes allow the user to set the low and high range of heart
rate data that will be presented in the cardiac reports. Recorded values outside these limits
will not be included in any report calculations. To be useful, these values should be within
or equal to the data range for the heart rate DC device. Setting the lower limit can be used
to ignore readings when a connection is lost. If these limits are set equal to the calibrated
range, no values from the device will be ignored.
NOTE: The Easy system will always collect and save all data within the range of 0 to 300 bpm.
Setting a new range such as 30 to 150 will force the Easy system to summarize heart rate
data within this range. Data less than 30 bpm and greater than 150 bpm is still saved
with original data.
Events:
Bradycardia decrease from baseline (%) BRADYCARDIA
Bradycardia events will be marked when the

heart rate decreases by the percent specified.
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Tachycardia increase from baseline (%)

Tachycardia events will be marked when the heart rate increases by the percent specified.
Long R-R%
This setting looks at the percent increase in time between R-
waves required to mark an R-wave-to-R-wave interval as "Long
R-R." The long R-R algorithm compares the current R-R interval
to the previous R-R interval. If the second interval has increased
by the percent specified, the second R-wave-to-R-wave (R-R)
interval is marked as a long R-R event. A long R-R interval is
then ignored in determining the next interval.
SHORT R-R LONG R-R
Short R-R%
This setting looks at the percent decrease in time between R-waves required to mark an R-
wave-to-R-wave interval as "Short R-R." The short R-R algorithm compares the current R-
R interval to the previous R-R interval. If the second interval has decreased by the percent
specified, the second R-wave-to-R-wave (R-R) interval is marked as a short R-R event. A
short R-R interval is then ignored in determining the next interval.
Cardiac Auto-detection Recommendations:
To Increase the Efficiency of the Auto-detection Program
Increase the low filter from 1 Hz to 1.6. Adjust your sensitivity to make sure that your signal
is not clipping.
To Score More/Less Bradycardia Events
Lower the % decrease from baseline to 20% to score more bradycardia events. To score less
bradycardia events raise the % decrease requirement to 30% or 40%.
To Score More/Less Tachycardia Events
Lower the % increase from baseline to 20% to score more tachycardia events. To score less
tachycardia events raise the % increase requirement to 30% or 40%.
To Score More/Less Short R-R Events
To score more short R-R events, increase the short R-R interval requirement to 80%. To
score less short R-R intervals, decrease the interval requirement to 25%.
To Score More/Less Long R-R Events
To score more long R-R events, decrease the long R-R interval requirement to 140%, 130%
or 120%. To score less long R-R intervals, increase the interval requirement to 200% or
250%.
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Snoring Event Detection

Overview:
The auto-detection settings allow the user to configure the Easy Sleep System to detect the
presence of snoring during periods of sleep.
Detection Settings:
Minimum and
Maximum Duration (in
seconds):
These settings allow the
user to set the time limits required to mark a snoring burst.
Minimum Amplitude (in microvolts):

This setting allows the user to select the minimum amplitude required to detect a snoring
burst.
Auto-detection Recommendations for Snoring Detection
To Improve the Efficiency of the Auto-Detection Program

Increase the snoring channel low filter to 10 Hz. Lower the sensitivity setting to minimize
signal clipping before running the automatic detection.
To Score More Snoring Events

Lower the minimum amplitude requirement from 50 microvolts to 40, 35, or 30 microvolts.
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SLEEP EVENTS

Select Sleep Score, Options and then Sleep Events.
Set the priority of each event in the

Default Priority boxes. The lowest
rioritypriority is 1; the highest priority is 5.
To change a priority, click the up or down
arrow next to the box. Changes to the
defaults only affect new events entered
after the change is made. The priority
also can be adjusted for each event when
it is entered or edited.
NOTE: The priority may be displayed

as a color-coded vertical mark
in the scroll bar at the bottom
of the review window. To set
the event mark colors select
Options from the View pull-
down menu. Select Edit
Colors on the General tab.
Use the Review tab to select
which events to mark on the
scroll bar.
Two sleep events allow you to select or enter the text used to describe them. Some common
selections are provided for PLMS, or you may type in your preference. A change is
immediately reflected when the options are saved.
User events allow scorers to enter events other than those provided. When a User event is
entered, sleep review uses the name currently entered in this box. If the name is changed,
future User events will use the new name, but existing User events will remain unchanged.
Therefore, multiple User events can be added to one record and will be reported as separate
events in the sleep report.
Selecting the Edit Colors button opens a dialog that lets the user select the color to represent
each type of sleep event and stage. Changes to color selection will immediately be reflected
after all option windows are closed with OK.
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CUSTOMIZE SLEEP REPORT HEADER

Each user who logs in can have their own customized header at the top of sleep report
pages. These are separate from the custom headers for EEG reports. When a sleep report
is created, the custom sleep report header that has been saved for the currently logged in
user will be used.
Select Sleep Score, Options and then Customize Sleep Report Header.

This opens your system's default RTF file editor (e.g., WordPad or Microsoft® Word).
Type in your header as you would like it to appear at the top of your reports. You must use
tabs or spaces for alignment; the alignment features (right or left justify or center) are
ignored by the report generator. Inserted objects or graphics will also not be handled by the
report generator. When you are finished, save the file and close the editor (select Exit in the
WordPad's File pull-down menu). The header is permanently stored and can be edited at
any time following these same steps.
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STAGING PERSONALITIES

Select Sleep Score, Options and then Staging Personalities.
Customizing Staging Personalities
Overview: The Easy EEG/PSG software can assist the clinician in detecting sleep stages
recorded during a polysomnogram. The Easy system uses a "staging personality" to detect
sleep stages. Staging personalities use a neural net algorithm that can be customized to fit
the style of each user or site, and form the model for detecting sleep stages in a PSG record.
The user's style information is saved in Personality files. These files can be trained (more
data added to an existing personality), created, and shared by users. Cadwell provides a basic
staging personality named AdultPSG.
Training Personalities
Personalities are trained by "showing" them records that have already been staged by the
clinician. After being manually scored, the record needs to be auto-staged with the option to
keep manually entered events. This preserves the clinicians scoring and provides records
that have the data necessary for training. Personalities can be trained repeatedly. Training is
cumulative. Thus, an anomaly in one training session will eventually be muted out if enough
other records or training sessions are run on the personality. Scoring traits that are common
in most training sessions should become dominant.
Starting a Training Session
A training wizard leads you through the training process. Start the wizard by selecting
Options from the Sleep Score pull-down menu. Select Staging personalities, and then Train.
1 Select Personality for Training
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On this first page of the wizard, you can choose to create a brand new personality, give an
existing personality more information, or create a new personality by copying an existing
one, then giving the new personality more training. Unless you select to create a brand new
personality, you must also select one of the listed existing personalities before continuing.
The text in the Existing Personalities box provides information about the currently selected
personality, such as location of the file and comments entered during previous training
sessions. Click Next.
2a New Staging Personality
If you selected to create a new personality, either from scratch or from another personality,
this will be the second page of the wizard. Enter a name for the personality. Then type a
short description of the files you will be training the personality with, such as "adults with
apnea" or "Adult Alpha Intrusion". Click Next.
2b Training Information
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If you are giving an existing personality more training, this will be the second page of the
wizard. It gives you the opportunity to enter information about the training session (like the
type of records or stages that will be used, but it is not required). The date and time of the
training session are automatically saved.
3 Select the Data to Use for Training
The third page of the wizard lists all the sleep data sets (sleep studies) in the local and
network data directories that contain auto-staging analysis data. More than one data set per
record may be listed. The list shows patient and scoring information about each set. You
can select one or more data sets for a training session.
To select more than one study for training, hold down the Ctrl key, and click on the multiple
studies with the left mouse button. Click Next.
4 Select the Stage(s) to be Trained
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On the fourth page of the wizard, you can select which stage(s) in each sleep study are of
interest for training. For example, this training may only be to improve the differentiation of
stages 3 and 4. The default is all stages for all data sets. To change this, select a data set,
then clear the check box(es) of the stages you do not wish to train. Data sets must be
selected one at a time. Click Finish.
NOTE: It is up to the user to make sure that a personality is "complete" with training for all
stages.
Personality Training
After finishing the training wizard, the selected staging data will be read and the following
dialog will open:
The Statistics box will show how many epochs of each stage will be used for training.
Training a neural net is not a fixed process. Depending on how different the data is between
epochs for the same stage, training may quickly define the important factors, or it may
continue in a loop for a while as it tries to determine these factors. The user can set a
minimum degree of "coherence" for the training to work towards. It will then continue to
make passes at the data until that level is reached. The graph shows how the coherence level
is changing with each pass. The user can pause the training at any time to adjust the
minimum level or to accept or reject the current session.
After several passes, if the coherence level does not seem to be changing, the training may
have reached its maximum. A level of 90% is marginal, 98% is good. Any training session
with a coherence of less than 90% should be cancelled. Coherence may not reach an
acceptable level when the data used for training is inconsistent. Alternatively, if the user is
confident their data is consistent; it may be part of the random nature of training neural nets.
In this case, cancel the current training session and try again. The level may improve just by
running a different session.
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Managing Files
Personality files can be copied or moved between network and local data directories and
other destinations (such as an archive device or diskette to be sent to another site). If using
other destinations, it is up to the user to be sure their media is formatted and the device is
ready.
1. Select Options from the Sleep Score pull-down menu. Select Staging Personalities then
Manage Files.
2. Select the Properties button to display the creating and training comments for a single
selected personality.
3. Click the desired transfer method-copy or move-at the bottom of the dialog box.
4. Click a personality in either the local or network directory, or other destination, then click
the appropriate arrow.
5. Click Close when done.
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SCORING A SLEEP RECORD

OPENING A SLEEP RECORD
Any EEG record recorded with an Easy EEG for Windows® system can be sleep scored if
the sleep scoring option is enabled with in your software. However, sleep records are usually
recorded using pre-defined sleep montages.

Select Sleep Score, then Open Sleep Record.
The sleep record opens using the name and ID of the logged in scorer. Staging and sleep
events entered by each scorer are saved separately with the record. This allows two or more
people to independently score the same record. The sleep entries for a particular scorer are
only visible when the record is opened for sleep scoring with that scorer’s data.
OPENING A PREVIOUSLY SCORED RECORD
You can easily review, continue to score, or edit a previously scored record.

Select Sleep Score, then Open Sleep Record.
Highlight the desired record in the list and select Score Now. The Open Sleep Record
dialog displays.
Click on a circle to select how you wish to open the record:
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Add All New Scoring starts a new independent set of scoring data. Any previous scoring
will not be visible.
Make Changes allows you to make changes or continue to score a previously scored
recording.
Review Scoring allows you to open a previously scored recording for review only.
If you select Make Changes or Review, highlight the row of the scoring data (from the above
window) you want the record to contain.
If you are adding or changing scoring, the record opens with your login name and ID. If
you were not the previous scorer, your changes will be saved in a new scoring file. If you are
the same scorer, your changes will be added to the previous scoring file.
NOTE: If several scorers score the record in a combined effort (not independently), be sure to
select the data with the most recent date so you will see the most current scoring. An
alternative method would be to login using only one scorer name and ID. Then only one
score record is created.
All Night Summary Screen

The All Night Summary Screen will first appear when a sleep study is opened for review or
modification.
The All Night Summary Screen can be displayed in three different views.
 Full Screen
 Un-docked
 Docked
Full View - All Night Summary

Screen
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Undocked View - All Night Summary Screen
Docked View - All Night Summary Screen
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Accessing Tabular Summary Data

To view epoch summary data for a 30 second epoch, place the mouse over the All Night
Summary data and click the right button on the mouse.
Tool Bar
You can access the All Night Summary Screen by clicking on this tool bar shortcut.
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All Night Summary Screen Features
Menu Options
Place the mouse on the trace names on the left side of the All Night Summary Screen. Click
the right button on the mouse to view the All Night Summary Screen options.
Color Controls
The user has the ability to control the colors used in the All Night Summary.
All Night Summary Screen - Color Properties Control
Page 165 of 251

Vertical Scale Display

Select Vertical Scale to display scaling values (i.e.
oximetry range, sleep stages) adjacent to the data in
the All Night Summary screen.
Last Saved Layout/Save Current Layout Feature

Select Last Saved Layout to use the last saved All Night Summary layout. Select the Save
Current Layout option to save the current All Night Summary layout displayed.
Note: The layout of the All Night Summary will be saved with your Easy system user login.
Insert/Move Trend
Select Insert to add a time scale channel or a valid channel not currently displayed in the All
Night Summary Screen.
Place the mouse on the channel label and drag the channel up or down to arrange the order
of channels displayed in the All Night Summary Screen.
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Print Page
Select this option to print the All Night Summary screen in a portrait or landscape format.
The All Night Summary will print in a standard black and white format on a laser printer.
Color printing is an option with a color printer.
Figure 6 - Sample Landscape Print Layout
Figure 6 - Sample Portrait Print Layout
Copy Page
This feature allows you to copy the All Night Summary page to another document. Right
click on the All Night Summary trace names, select Copy. The All Night Summary page can
be copied with the Paste function to another documents such as the Report Generator or a
Word document.
Full Screen
This feature enables a Full Screen view of the All Night Summary page. (see figure 1)
Allow Docking
This feature allows the All Night Summary screen to dock adjacent to the displayed epoch.
To undock the screen, double click the mouse near the trace names on the All Night
Summary screen. (see figure 3)
Hide on Position
Enable this feature to hide the All Night Summary screen when you click the left button on
the mouse.
Page 167 of 251

All Night Summary Channels
Sleep Stage Displays the current REM is displayed with

a unique (user defined) color.
Arousals Vertical mark indicates time of occurrence,

height indicates duration.
CPAP/BiLevel
SaO2 Min/Max Minimum and maximum SaO2 displayed

for every 60 seconds.
Lowest value highlighted with unique

color.
SaO2 Standard SaO2 display with lowest value
highlighted with unique color.
Respiratory Obstructive Apnea, Mixed Apnea, Central

Events Apnea, and Hypopneas are displayed.
Each has a unique color. The height of the

bar indicates the duration of the event.
Heart Rate Heart Rate (DC) data is displayed from the

internal pulse oximeter.
Heart Rate (EKG) is displayed from the

EKG channel.
Body Position Displays output from the body position
sensor.
Page 168 of 251

Sleep Staging Eye Movements – This data is taken from

both EOG channels. Both phasic and non-
Data phasic eye movements are plotted in this
display. Each type of eye movement has a
user specified color.
Chin EMG – This data is taken from the

Chin EMG channel. Mean chin amplitude is
rectified and plotted for each 30 second
epoch.
Alpha, Spindle, Theta, Delta, and Beta

information are summarized for each 30
seconds of data.
CPAP and/or CPAP and/or BiLevel pressure events can

BiLevel be added to a recording during or after data
Pressure collection. These pressure events are
displayed in the All Night Summary.
PLMS Periodic limb movements are displayed on

this channel. Those events that meet the
episode criteria defined in the detection
settings will be displayed in a unique color
indicating that they are a part of a PLM
episode.
Snoring Snoring information is taken from the
snoring channel. The height of the event bar
indicates the number of snore events for
each 30 seconds of data.
Respiratory Respiratory rate per minute is plotted in this

Rate graph. Flow and effort each have a unique
color.
Page 169 of 251

Supplemental Supplemental oxygen levels can be entered

Oxygen Level during data collection or review. These
oxygen levels are plotted in 0.5 lpm
increments.
Time Scale Displays a time line using real time.
VIEWING DC TRACES
DC TRACE VALUES
DC trace values can be displayed in several ways:
Move the mouse over the DC trace area to see the value of the trace at any point. The value
at that horizontal position will display next to the mouse cursor. Note that the mouse does
not need to be over the trace line, just over the central trace area. If the trace line is much
above or below the baseline for the trace, moving the mouse there may move it outside the
value display area. To disable this display, select View, DC Values, and then click At Cursor
to remove the check mark. Clicking it again restores the display.
DC trace values also can be displayed at periodic

intervals over the DC trace. Select View, DC Values,
and then Periodic Display. Click the tab for each DC
value type to display. Verify that a check mark is in
the Show Values box, and enter the display frequency
(from 0.5 to 600 sec).
Page 170 of 251

A scale may be displayed on the view for every DC trace that was recorded with a calibrated
device. Select View, DC Values, and then Scales to display the scales. For numeric devices,
this shows the vertical position of the minimum and maximum values defined for the device.
To change these values, see DC Trace Scaling below. For text devices, it shows the vertical
position for each value. The scales are drawn at the right side of the view. If there is a
montage change within the view, they will be drawn just before the montage change (if the
first montage has any eligible DC traces).
Page 171 of 251

DC TRACE SCALING
The default display range for a DC trace corresponds to the calibrated range for the device.
For example, SpO2 is typically displayed from 50 to 100 %. The trace will be scaled to show
that range of values. Thus, small changes in SpO2 cause very little change in the DC trace
display. To "magnify" the changes in the trace, the user can re-scale the DC trace within the
range of interest.
To re-scale a DC trace, double left click

on the DC trace label. Click the DC
Display tab in the Trace Properties
window. Change the maximum and/or
minimum display values to reduce the
display range. Using the SpO2 example,
you could change the values to 70 and 100
so that this new range takes up the display
area for the trace. Any values recorded
outside that range will appear cut off
(clipped) in the display, but are not
actually changed.
INVERTING THE DC TRACE
Older Easy Writer amplifiers require two inputs for DC devices. If the two inputs
are reversed in the headbox from the way they were calibrated, the trace will be
inverted and the DC values may have a minus sign (e.g., -98%). If this was not
corrected during recording, the user can invert the trace.
While reviewing the record, double left click on the DC trace label. Click the DC
Display tab in the Trace Properties window. Check the Invert Trace box to place a
check mark in the box (see the Trace Properties window above). Click OK.
NOTE: If a DC trace needs to be inverted, it should be done before any sleep auto-
detection or entering sleep events that use data for the trace. This does not just
invert the trace; the trace data will be interpreted differently. Do not invert the
trace for directional preferences.
Page 172 of 251

SMOOTHING THE DC TRACE
If a DC input requires smoothing (CPAP Flow channel, CO2 Waveform) the signal
smoothing option can be used. This feature will not have an effect on automatic
detection of events.
While collecting data, or reviewing the record, double left click on the DC trace label.
Click the DC Display tab in the Trace Properties window. Check the Smooth Trace
box to place a check mark in the box (see the Trace Properties window above).
Click OK.
SCORING SLEEP STAGES

Note Regarding Paper Speed: Sleep stages are scored in 30 second epochs only as
defined by Rechtschaffen and Kales, “A Manual of Standardized Terminology,
Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects.8
To enable sleep staging, sleep review always opens to a 30 s/pg epoch
.
If you select another paper speed, sleep staging will not be accessible. While you are
in this chart speed, the record position can only be moved by pages, not seconds.
Forward scrolling, live review, and 10 Divisions viewing are disabled. The view
position is limited to epoch boundaries (elapsed times that are multiples of 30
seconds).
Select View and note the Sleep Events item. If it has a check mark next to it, click
the item to remove the check. Otherwise click outside the pull-down window to
close it. Turning off Sleep Events will simplify paging through the record while
staging.
Entering Lights Out/On: The first item you want to mark in the polysomnogram
is Lights Out and Lights On. This must be done now if they were not already
entered by the technician on the recording station or if the technician entered only
comments to mark them. Go to the epoch in the record where lights out occurred
(again, the display must be 30 sec/pg).
1. Select Lights from the Sleep Score pull-down menu. Click Out. Or click on
the Sleep Event Toolbar.
8Rechtschaffen and Kales, A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for
Sleep Stages of Human Subjects, Los Angeles, California: Brain Information Service/Brain Research Institute,
UCLA, 1968.
178- 173 -
2. Press the End key on the keyboard to go to the end of the record. Locate the
epoch where lights on occurred. Select Lights from the Sleep Score pull-down
menu. Click On. Or click on the Sleep Event Toolbar.
3. Press Home on the keyboard to go back to the beginning of the record.
NOTE: If the polysomnogram contains more than one Lights Out/On pair, the record is
considered to be an MSLT.
178- 174 -
Entering Staging: After selecting the paper speed (above), you may wish to
increase the size of the EEG viewing window. To do this, select View then Full
Screen. (To go back to the original screen size, again select View then Full Screen.).
Or click on the View toolbar.
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Manual Staging
You can enter a stage in one of three ways:
Select the button on the Epoch Scoring toolbar. If this toolbar is not visible, select
View then Epoch Scoring Toolbar so that the item is checked.
Select Sleep Score then Score Epoch. Select the stage from the list.
Select the hotkey for the stage (listed next to the stage from the list in method 2).
When a stage is entered for an epoch, the display moves one page forward. Any
epoch that you do not specifically score will be considered unscored. An event mark
will be placed at the beginning of the epoch when the stage is different than the
previous epoch's. A colored bar will be drawn at the top of the view to indicate the
stage of the current epoch (unscored epochs have no colored bar). This color
matches the color on the Epoch Scoring toolbar and in the Color Keys (select View
then Color Key to show or hide the key). The user may adjust the colors; see the
Sleep Events Options section above.
Auto-Staging
You can auto-stage the record by selecting Auto-Detect from the Sleep Score pull-
down menu. Refer to the "Auto-detecting sleep stages" document for details on this
method.
If an epoch already has a stage event, you can replace it by simply selecting a
different stage. Only that epoch will be re-scored to the new stage. If you want to
remove a sleep stage, select Sleep Score, Score Epoch, then No Score. The epoch
will then be considered unscored.
You can see a graph of the current staging of the record by selecting View then
Summary Graphs. When this item is checked, a window containing full study-length
graphs is opened. This window may be resized, docked, or cover the entire view.
The staging histogram is updated instantly whenever you add or change any stage
scoring. For more information on the summary graphs, refer to the "All Night
Summary Screen Review" document.
Entering Sleep Onset: When you encounter the first epoch of the beginning of
sleep, select Sleep Onset from the Sleep Score pull-down menu. Sleep onset must
follow a Lights Out event mark (see above). If sleep onset is not entered, the
program assumes it is at the first scored sleep stage other than Stage 1 after Lights
Out.
178- 176 -
MARKING SLEEP EVENTS
Before you can enter sleep events, they must be enabled. Select View and verify the
Sleep Events item is checked in the pull-down menu. While this item is checked, the
mouse cursor will change whenever it is over a trace that has been associated with a
type of sleep event. The text next to the cursor will indicate the type of event that
may be entered or displayed on the trace. Then, select Tools and verify the Sleep
Events Tool is checked in the pull down menu. While this item is checked, sleep
events can be marked on the PSG record.
NOTE: If no traces have associated events, you can select a montage that has
associations or make the association in the Properties window for traces in the
current montage. In the latter case, double click on the trace label to open the
Properties window and select the association on the Sleep Score tab.
ENTERING SLEEP EVENTS
How To Enter A Sleep Event

Manually Marking Events with Easy Stamp
Events can be quickly added to the sleep recording with the Easy Stamp tool.
Setup Easy Stamp default settings. Click on the toolbar displayed below:
178- 177 -
Select your default settings from the menu below:
Place mouse over event channel. A double-arrow cursor will appear.
178- 178 -
Click on the right mouse button to stamp an event. To extend the duration of the
event, place the mouse on the event bar and click on the right mouse button again.
Manually Marking Events (Click-Glide Method)
Move the mouse over the associated trace to an endpoint of the event, and then hold
down the left mouse button.
Drag the mouse to the right or left to mark the entire event. If the event goes
beyond the edge of the page, move the mouse to the edge of the view, keeping the
mouse button down, to page the view. The mouse will drag a rectangle anchored
where you first depressed the mouse button. When the rectangle covers the duration
of the event, release the mouse button (this is commonly referred to as "click and
drag"). The appropriate event window displays:
178- 179 -
Enter any other information about the event (like priority, a comment, or type) in
the window. For example, in the above right window click Apnea or Hypopnea (or
type the number in the parentheses). If the Has an Associated Arousal box is
checked, an arousal event is located so that it will be associated with the current
event. If you uncheck the box before selecting OK, you will be asked to confirm
that you want the associated arousal event deleted. If it was unchecked and you
check it, a three-second arousal will be added to the record, starting at the end of the
current event. When all the event information is correct, click OK. A colored bar
will mark the event. The color indicates the type of event and is user-selectable (see
Sleep Event Options above). Certain events also display corresponding text below
the traces. To disable the text display, select View and click Sleep Event Text to
remove the check mark.
The event bar is displayed over the first trace from the top in the current montage
that is associated with that event type. Thus, if more than one trace is associated
with an event, you can click and drag the mouse on any of the associated traces, but
the colored event bar will display on the upper-most associated trace. For example,
both leg EMG traces could be associated with PLMS. In that case, you can click and
drag the mouse on either trace, but the colored rectangle will always display on the
top trace. This makes marking easy for the user, and prevents overlapping events of
the same type.
Changing Thethe Length Ofof Anan Event
Click near the end of the event box you wish to move and hold the mouse button
down. You will be able to resize the rectangle like you did when you entered the
event. However, you will not be able to move one endpoint across the other or
overlap an event of the same type. When you release the mouse button, you will be
shown the event information dialog again.
178- 180 -
Select OK to make the change. Selecting
Cancel will cancel the event resizing as well as
any changes to event information.
Modifying/Deleting Event Information
To edit an event's information or to delete an
event, click and release over the event bar to
open the event information window.
Change the information and select OK, or
select Delete.
Manually Editing CPAP/BiLevel Pressure, Body Position Events, or

Supplemental Oxygen
1) To enter a new CPAP/BiLevel pressure, body position, or O2 titration level
event, select Sleep Score, Add Change Event, and then the appropriate change event
type. Or click the corresponding icon on the Sleep Event toolbar.
2). Move the cursor to the desired position in the record then click the left
mouse button.
3) Enter the desired level(s) or select the desired body position.
4) Select OK. If an event of the same type is within 0.5 seconds of the new
event, the old event will be deleted.
AUTO-DETECTING SLEEP EVENTS
NOTE: The auto-detect function is used to detect both sleep stages and sleep events.
Prior to detecting sleep events the record must be completely staged. Some
events will only be marked during sleep epochs and/or Awake; Unscored and
Movement Time epochs will never contain auto-detected events. Staging may
also be auto-detected. Refer to the "Auto-detecting sleep stages" document for
details on this process.
The program can automatically detect the sleep events displayed on the following
window if the required data is provided in the montage. Select Auto-Detect from
the Sleep Score pull-down menu. Or click on the Sleep Menu toolbar.
178- 181 -
Click the box next to the event you want the program to auto-detect. A check mark
indicates the event is selected. An event type that is "grayed-out" indicates that not
enough information is available in the record's montages for detection. All of the
record's montages will be searched and the appropriate check boxes will be enabled.
If the current montage is not the recording montage, or it has been edited (there is a
check mark next to the montage button), then only the current montage will be
searched.
178- 182 -
The search for relevant input(s) is based on the following rules:
Event Type What Must Be Found in the Montage

Apnea At least one trace with a data type of Airflow and at least one trace
with a data type of Respiratory Effort
Hypopnea At least one trace with a data type of Airflow
O2 One DC trace with a data of SaO2 or a data type of Other but the
Desaturation device was defined for SaO2
R-R Intervals One trace with a data type of EKG
Arousals At least one trace with a data type of Sleep Staging EEG and one trace
with a data type of Chin EMG
Bradycardia One DC trace with a data type of Heart Rate or a data type of Other
but this device was defined as Heart Rate or the EKG trace has been
previously analyzed for R-R events.
Tachycardia One DC trace with a data type of Heart Rate or a data type of Other
but this device was defined as Heart Rate or the EKG trace has been
previously analyzed for R-R events.
PLMs One trace with a data type of PLMS.
Body One DC trace with a data type of Position or a data type of Other but
Position the device was defined for Position.
Changes
Snoring One trace with a data type of Snoring.
Staging One trace with a data type of Chin EMG, 2 traces with data type of
EOG and 1 or 2 traces with data type of Sleep Staging EEG
There are two methods for handling events of the selected type(s) that have already
been marked in the record.
1) If you want to delete all the existing events of the type(s) selected, verify that a
dot appears next to the first choice.
2) If you want to keep all manually entered or edited events of the type(s) selected,
verify that a dot appears next to the second choice.
Click OK to start auto-detection or Cancel to exit.
178- 183 -
polysomnographic events is only an aid for the physician in the establishment of
a diagnosis. It does not replace the physician or diminish the requirement to
use sound professional judgment when reviewing and scoring data.
Reviewing the detected events can be done in several ways. For instance, simply
page through the record at any chart speed, clicking on incorrect events to display
the event window. Click Delete in this window. Another method might include
doing the following:
Select a chart speed that readily identifies a particular event (e.g., 120 sec/pg).
In the View menu, select any sleep toolbar items that are checked to remove them
from view.
Close the summary graph window if it is open.
Select View then Full Screen.
Select EEG then Events to display the Events window.
Click the sleep event to be reviewed (e.g., PLMS).
Move the Events window so it does not cover the channel used to score the event
(e.g., leg channel).
Double left click on an event time in the Events window to 'go to' that event.
To remove the event click the Delete button in the window or the Delete key on the
keyboard. Otherwise, double-click the next event time.
Continue double clicking on each of the event times in the list.
Repeat with the next sleep event category.
To return to the standard sleep scoring window, select View, Full Screen again.
Also, select your toolbars from the View menu again.
CLEARING ALL SCORING

At any time during a scoring session, you can clear all sleep events and staging and
start over. Select Clear Sleep Scoring from the Sleep Score pull-down menu. A
window appears to verify you want to permanently delete all staging and sleep events
for the current scorer. Click Yes to clear the scoring or No to cancel.
178- 184 -
PSG PRINTOUTS
To print the current page of PSG, click on the printer icon . To print multiple
pages of the record, select Print from the File pull-down menu. If the printer
supports it, the printout will use the same colors as the screen. If not, event bars are
drawn as black rectangle borders. The name of the type of event will be printed as
event text at the beginning of the event if Sleep Event Text on the View menu is
checked (if it is not checked, no event text will appear on either the screen or the
printout). The name of the stage will be printed like a normal event at the left edge
of the page. If the printed page contains a stage change, that event will be drawn as
usual.
DATA ANALYSIS REPORTS
The Easy Report menu consists of predefined report templates that display and print
sleep reports and graphs as well as a list of data types that can be saved as text files
for import into a word processor, data base, or spreadsheet.
REPORT TEMPLATES
The Easy Sleep Report generator offers various different report templates.
To select a report, select Report Menu from the File pull-down menu. Highlight a
report then click OK. The program calculates the data and displays a report on the
screen report. The user can easily edit the report on screen if desired.
NOTE: If the record is marked with more than one pair of Lights Out/Lights On, a
different list of report templates is available for MSLT.
178- 185 -
PRINTING THE REPORT
Click on the printer icon or select Print from the File pull-down menu.
Exiting the Report Window

To exit click File then Close. When you exit the Sleep Report window, a message
displays giving you the option to save changes to the report. If you want to save the
report as separate text file, click Yes. A Save as window is displayed. The default
Save In folder is the data directory the record is in and the default File name matches
the EEG and PSG files' names. To accept the defaults click Save.
NOTE: Using the default file name and location will allow the Record Manager to move
or archive the saved report file(s) with the record. If necessary, you can change
the number at the end of the file name without affecting this functionality.
NOTE: It is not necessary to save the report as a text file unless you want to import it to
a word processor or spreadsheet. All sleep scoring is saved with the PSG
record so the report can be re-generated at any time from the record.
178- 186 -
REPORT TEXT FILES
To save sleep data to separate
text files, select Export Data
from the Sleep Score pull-down
menu. The data is saved in a
tab-delimited text file that can
be imported into other
programs such as databases,
spreadsheets, and word
processors.
Click the circle next to the desired data type. Note that the Type of Data box is not
displayed in the above dialog for MSLT reports (more than one pair of Lights
Out/Lights On in the record). A dot in the circle indicates the item is selected.
Only one item can be selected at a time. The default Save In folder is the local data
directory and default File name is a combination of the patient and tech names. To
accept the defaults click Save.
178- 187 -
NOTE: It is recommended that you save the text files in a separate folder.
Click the Create New Folder button . A new folder displays in the main window.
Replace the name 'New Folder' with 'Sleep Data'. Double click on the new folder to
place it in the Save In box. Use this folder for this and all future exported data.
To change the file name, highlight the default file name then type the desired file
name. Click Save to save the text file.
Sleep Reports
Reports - Sleep Staging Data
Epochs in Bed – The total number of epochs recorded during TIB (time in bed).
These epochs occur only between Lights Out and Lights On.
Staging
Movement Time
Awake
REM
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
10 PM 11 PM 12 AM 1 AM 2 AM 3 AM
Epochs of Total Sleep Time – The total number of epochs associated with sleep
(NREM+REM) during TIB.
Lights On – By default, the Easy system will use the last epoch recorded. The user
can use the Lights On tool to mark any other epoch as Lights On. Dotted vertical
lines displayed in the Staging histogram show Lights Out and Lights On.
178- 188 -
Lights Out – By default, the Easy system will use the first epoch recorded. The
user can use the Lights Out tool to mark any other epoch as Lights Out. Dotted
vertical lines displayed in the Staging histogram show Lights Out and Lights On.
Lights Out Lights On
Staging
Movement Time
Awake
REM
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
10 PM 11 PM 12 AM 1 AM 2 AM 3 AM
Movement Time – The total amount of time staged as Movement during TIB.
Movement time is added to total sleep time.
NREM Time – The total amount of Non REM sleep (Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, and
Stage 4) recorded during TIB.
Recording End – The time associated with the last epoch recorded during a sleep
study.
Recording Start – The time associated with the first epoch recorded after starting
data acquisition.
Recording Time – The total amount of time from Recording Start, to Recording
End.
REM Latency – The duration of time from the sleep onset epoch to the first epoch
of REM sleep.
REM Time – The total amount of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) recorded during
TIB.
178- 189 -
Sleep Efficiency – The percentage of sleep recorded during TIB.
Sleep Onset – By default, the Easy software will mark the first epoch of Stage 2, 3,
4, or REM. The user can use the Sleep Onset tool to mark any NREM or REM
epoch as Sleep Onset. It is critical that the user use the sleep onset tool to accurately
determine sleep onset during an all night sleep recording or MSLT recording.
NOTE: Before marking an epoch as sleep onset, the epoch must have a sleep stage.
NOTE: If the first sleep epoch after lights out is Stage 1, you must use the Sleep Onset
option to mark the epoch as sleep onset.
Sleep Period Time – The elapsed time between sleep onset and the end of the last
epoch marked for sleep (REM+NREM) before lights on.
Slow Wave Sleep Time – The total amount of Stage 3 and Stage 4 recorded during
TIB.
Time in Bed (TIB) – The total amount of time from the Lights Out epoch to the
Lights On epoch. See Figure 1.
Total Changes per Hour of Sleep – The number of stage changes that occur per
hour of sleep during TIB.
Total Sleep Time (TST) – The total amount of sleep recorded during TIB.
Total Stage Changes – The total number of epoch stage changes during TIB.
Total Wake Time – The total amount of Wake recorded during TIB.
Wake After Sleep – The total amount of Wake after the last epoch of sleep.
Wake Before Sleep – The total amount of Wake recorded before Sleep Onset.
Wake During Sleep – The total amount of Wake recorded during TIB.
178- 190 -
Reports - Respiratory Data
Lowest Heart Rate w/a Respiratory Event – The lowest valid heart rate
associated with an obstructive apnea, mixed apnea, central apnea, or hypopnea
during TST.
Lowest SaO2 w/a Respiratory Event – The lowest valid saturation associated with
an obstructive apnea, mixed apnea, central apnea, or hypopnea during TST.
AHI NREM – Apnea + Hypopnea Index in NREM - The number of obstructive
apneas, mixed apneas, central apneas, and hypopneas that occur per hour of NREM
sleep during TST.
AHI REM – Apnea + Hypopnea Index in REM - The number of obstructive
apneas, mixed apneas, central apneas, and hypopneas that occur per hour of REM
sleep during TST.
AHI TST – Apnea + Hypopnea Index in NREM + REM - The number of
obstructive apneas, mixed apneas, central apneas, and hypopneas that occur per hour
of NREM + REM sleep during TST.
RDI NREM* – Respiratory Disturbance Index REM - The number of obstructive
apneas, mixed apneas, central apneas, and hypopneas that occur per hour of NREM
sleep during TST.
RDI REM* – Respiratory Disturbance Index REM - The number of obstructive
apneas, mixed apneas, central apneas, and hypopneas that occur per hour of REM
during TST.
RDI TST* – Respiratory Disturbance Index Total Sleep Time - The number of
obstructive apneas, mixed apneas, central
apneas, and hypopneas that occur per hour of
sleep during TST.
* IMPORTANT NOTE: The user can add

snore events + arousals to the RDI
by placing a check mark in the
'Include Snore Arousals in RDI
Calculation' settings.
178- 191 -
Reports - Oximetry Data
Average Event Minimum – The average (mean) low desaturation event minimum
during TST.
Average SaO2 During NREM Sleep – Based on the average (mean) value
recorded during NREM sleep during TIB. Periods of wakefulness, REM, movement,
amplifier calibration, and manually marked desaturation events are rejected when
determining the average SaO2.
Average SaO2 During REM Sleep – Based on the average (mean) value recorded
during REM sleep during TIB. Periods of wakefulness, NREM, movement, amplifier
calibration, and manually marked desaturation events are rejected when determining
the average SaO2.
Average SaO2 During Sleep - Baseline saturation is based on the average (mean)
value recorded during TIB. Periods of wakefulness, movement, amplifier calibration,
and manually marked desaturation events are rejected when determining the average
SaO2.
Desaturation Events – The user can determine the detection settings used to
identify desaturation events. User settings include the minimum duration, maximum
duration, and percent change required to determine a desaturation event. The Easy
system calculates a baseline saturation based on the most common (mode) value
recorded in the previous 10 minutes of the recording. To determine baseline
saturation, the Easy Sleep system rejects periods of wakefulness, movement,
amplifier calibration, and previously marked desaturation events.
Desaturation Index – The number of desaturation events that occur per hour of
sleep during TST.
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Lowest SaO2 During Sleep – The lowest valid saturation recorded during sleep.
Mean Desaturation Drop During Sleep – The average percentage drop in oxygen
saturation during total sleep time.
Mean Desaturation Duration During Sleep – The average duration of

desaturation events during sleep.
Mean SaO2 Minimum During Sleep – The average lowest saturation during sleep
time.
Min-Max SaO2 Trend – This trend displays the range of the highest and lowest
oximetry values recorded per minute during the polysomnogram. The range of
display is determined by minimum and maxim range configured in the SaO2
detection settings.
SaO2 Min-Max (per minute)
100
85
%
50
Standard SaO2 Trend – This trend is a time compressed, unfiltered, second by

second, SaO2 trend of oximetry data. The range of display is determined by
minimum and maxim range configured in the SaO2 detection settings.
SaO2
100
85
%
50
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Reports - Periodic Limb Movement Data
Episode – Determined by the detection settings for PLM events. The user can
configure the minimum number of bursts required, the minimum duration allowed
between bursts, and the maximum amount of time allowed between bursts. The
Easy system will automatically detect events during NREM and REM. The user can
continue any PLM episode through a wakefulness period by manually marking PLM
bursts during wake. Episodes are summarized in the Periodic Limb Movement
report. To determine where episodes are identified, view the All Night Summary
screen. The illustration below shows the PLMS channel. Episodes of PLMS are
indicated by the green marks displayed in the PLMS histogram.
Episodes are displayed in a different color (green) in the

All Night Summary screen
Number of Episodes – The total number of PLM
episodes occurring during TST.
Limb Burst – A limb burst is
an individual burst of EMG.
Multiple bursts must occur to
create a limb movement
episode.
By default, the second burst
can be marked because it is not within 5 seconds of the previous burst. Bursts can
be manually marked, or auto-detected by the Easy system. The user can control the
amplitude criteria and event duration to assist in correctly identifying limb bursts
during the polysomnogram.
Limb Movement Index In Episodes – The number of limb movement bursts that
occur per hour of sleep during a periodic limb movement episode.
Limb Movement Index Not In Episodes – The number of limb movement
bursts that occur per hour of sleep during not associated with a periodic limb
movement episode.
Total Number of Limb Movements (TST) In Episodes – The total number of
limb movement bursts in episodes that are detected in NREM, REM, and Wake.
Total Number of Limb Movements (TST) Not In Episodes – The total number
of limb movement bursts that are detected in NREM, REM, and Wake that do not
occur in a episode.
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Reports - Cardiac Data
Arrhythmia Events – The user manually marks these events. No automatic
detection of arrhythmia events is available.
Bradycardia Events – These events can be manually marked, or automatically

detected by the Easy system. The user can determine the percentage change required
to automatically detect these events. For example, the user can configure the Easy
system to detect a drop in heart rate by 25%.
High Heart Rate - Calculated from the EKG channel during sleep (TST). Periods
of movement and calibration are excluded.
Low Heart Rate - Calculated from the EKG channel during sleep (TST). Periods
Mean Heart Rate - Calculated from the EKG channel during sleep (TST). Periods
Tachycardia Events – These events can be manually marked, or automatically

detected by the Easy system. The user can determine the percentage change required
to automatically detect these events. For example, the user can configure the Easy
system to detect an increase in heart rate of 25% or higher.
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Reports - Arousal Data
Arousals With PLMS Events – Arousals that occur during, or up to 2 seconds

after a PLM burst will
be associated with a
PLM event. If a PLM
burst with arousal
occurs at the end of a
respiratory event, the
arousal will be
associated with the
respiratory event.
Arousals With
Respiratory Events –
Arousals that occur
four seconds before or
after the end of a
respiratory event will
be associated with the
respiratory event. The
arousal displayed to
the right will be associated with the respiratory event.
Arousals With Snoring Events* – Arousals that occur during, or up to 2 seconds
after a snoring burst will be associated with a snoring event. If the snoring burst
with arousal occurs at the end of a respiratory event, the arousal will be associated
with the respiratory event.
* IMPORTANT NOTE: The user can add snore events + arousals to the RDI by
placing a check mark in the 'Include Snore Arousals in RDI Calculation'
settings.
Non-Specific Arousals – Arousals that occur during sleep that are not associated
with PLM events, snoring events, or respiratory events.
Arousal Index – The number of arousals that occur per hour of sleep during TST.
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Reports - Body Position Data
Position Time – Based on the total amount of time in each body position during
TIB.
Non-supine Time – The total amount of time the patient is in the left, right, prone,
and upright positions during TIB.
Supine Time - Total amount of time the patient is supine during TIB.
Reports - Snoring Data
Occurrences – The total number of snoring bursts during NREM, REM, or TST.
Snoring Burst – An individual burst of snoring. Bursts must meet a minimum

amplitude and duration criteria to be auto detected by the Easy system. Multiple
snoring bursts are displayed in sample below.
Snoring Index – The number of snoring bursts occurring per hour of sleep during
TST.
Snoring Time – The total duration of all snoring bursts occurring during TST.
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SCORER TO SCORER ANALYSIS
OVERVIEW
This module allows the user to compare sleep scoring of one individual to another.
After a Polysomnogram has been scored, the recording can be saved as a master file.
It can be used by both sleep training schools to evaluate students’ performance and
sleep centers to assess the accuracy and consistency of their scoring. Four items are
compared:
 Staging (by epoch)
 Arousal events
 Respiratory events
 PLM events
With this procedure, a technician can compare their scoring to the master scoring file
and generate a report detailing the results, or an administrator can save multiple
scoring comparisons to a group, then generate a group average summary report.
SELECTING MASTER DATA SETS FOR ANALYSIS
The first step in setting up a system for scorer-to-scorer analysis is selecting the sleep
scoring file (master data set) that will be used as the standard for comparison. The
master scoring record should be completely scored and staged.
NOTE: Verify the record is scored completely. Generate the reports at least one time to
verify that all events have been tabulated.
The scoring (.MDB) file should be transferred to the master scoring folder. This
folder should be different from the local or network data directories containing the
PSGs so the master data set cannot accidentally be altered.
Only the scoring (.MDB) files are kept in the master data set folder. The PSG data
(.EAS files) are left in the data directory when the data set is transferred. Therefore,
it is recommended that the complete record used as the standard be archived or
otherwise saved in a safe location.
If you need to alter the scoring in a master data set, you will need to transfer it to the
local or network data directory. These transfers will check for the matching PSG file
in the destination directory. If it is not found, the user will be asked if the transfer
should continue (you can't alter anything in a sleep data set without the PSG data).
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The summary administrative report can be generated without the PSG data, but
patient information will be missing. A paper clip icon next to a master data set
indicates the data set has matching PSG data in the local data directory.
Saving a PSG as a Master Scoring Data Set
Selecting the Master Data Set procedure can only be done by an administrator who
knows the scoring analysis password. By default, the password is Cadwell
1. Select Scoring Analysis from the Tools pull-down menu.
2. Click Manage Files . . .
3. Type in the case sensitive password (default password is Cadwell) and click OK.
4. If the Location box under Master Scoring Data Sets is blank, click the Browse
button to select the location of the folder to store the master data sets in. This
folder must be set prior browsing for it.
5. Select the Transfer Method. "Move" transfers the score file from the
local/network folder to the designated folder (in step 4). "Copy" leaves the score file
in the local/network folder and places a copy of it in the designated folder.
6. Highlight the record(s) in the local or network directories.
7. Click the arrow pointing to the right.
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COMPARING AN INDIVIDUAL SCORING TO THE MASTER
SCORING
After you have scored a record, you may compare it to the standard for that record if
one has been set up. Analysis is a separate step from scoring, so the record must be
closed and opened from the Tools pull-down menu (select Scoring Analysis then
Compare Scoring to Standard). When a record is opened for scoring analysis, you
will be able to see the scoring, but will not be able to change any scoring.
The analysis procedure opens both the PSG record and the generated report. When
the PSG record is open, three additional items are added to the main View menu
under Scoring Analysis:
Master Scoring (displays the Master Scoring for the current epoch)
Report (generates a detailed analysis report)
Scoring Differences (lists all epochs that were scored different from the
Master Scoring)
Comparing Scoring
2. Click Compare Scoring to Standard . . .
3. Highlight the patient's name and click Open.
4. Highlight the name of the scoring technician. The Scorer to Scorer program will
compare the master scoring to the technician name you have selected.
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5. The analysis procedure opens both the PSG record and the generated report, as
indicated by the Easy EEG and QMReportGen buttons on the Windows taskbar
below:
To switch
between
displaying
the report and the PSG record, simply click the appropriate button on the task bar.
The PSG and its scoring and the analysis report can be viewed but cannot be edited.
178- 201 -
6. To print the scoring analysis report, display the report then select Print from the
7. To close the report, select Exit from the File pull-down menu. Select Yes or No
to save the report as an RTF file when prompted.
8. To review the actual differences between the PSG record and the Master scoring,
select Scoring Analysis from the View pull-down
menu.
Select Master Scoring to display the master scoring for
the current epoch.
Select Scoring Differences to see a list of all epochs
and events that were scored different from the master
scoring. Use the event list to quickly find incorrectly
marked events.
Selecting Report displays the analysis report again.
SAVING COMPARISON RESULTS
When an individual has finished scoring, the administrator can choose to save a
summary of the comparison results with the master data set. Individual results are
organized into groups within the master data set. A summary group report can then
be generated that can be used to evaluate such things as the effectiveness of the
training or the difficulty of the record. This report displays the overall agreement
percentages for the four comparison categories.
Individual data sets are matched to a master data set by the patient ID. If the ID in
an individual data set matches more than one master data set, the user will be
prompted to select which master set to save the results in. Once the master data is
selected, the user must then select which group to save the individual results in. The
same results can be saved in more than one group (by saving the results more than
once). However, within a group, only one set of results for an individual data set
(identified by both scorer name and date/time of the last scoring session) can be
saved. If results for a data set already exist in the selected group, the user is
prompted whether to overwrite the existing results or not.
2. Select Manage Files. . .
3. Type in the case-sensitive password, then click OK.
4. Highlight the scoring data set(s) in the local or network directory.
5. Click Save Results.
To add results to an existing analysis group, skip to step # 8.
To place the results in a new group continue with step # 6
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6. Click Add Group
7. Enter a name for the group then click OK.
8. Highlight the group.
9. Click OK.
ANALYSIS REPORT TEMPLATES
Three report templates are used by the analysis program:
1) scoring analysis page header,
2) scoring analysis report (comparing an individual to the master data set), and
3) sleep analysis group results.
These templates are not available for user selection on the Report Menu. Instead,
they are called internally by the scorer-to-scorer program. Users may edit these
report templates but must be aware that, as Cadwell templates, they can be
overwritten by any future version. However, they should never be deleted. These
reports open in a read-only mode. Users may print or save the report as an RTF file,
but they cannot edit the report.
GENERAL MAINTENANCE
Compacting/Repairing Sleep Score Files

If a PSG record has been scored or edited multiple times it may become large and
internally fragmented. This can cause the file to perform slowly. Compacting
(defragmenting) the sleep database file restores normal performance. If an error
message is given when a previously scored record is opened, use the Repair utility to
try to fix it.
1) With no records open, select Data File Maintenance from the Sleep Score
pull-down menu.
2) Select the sleep data file from the list, then click Compact or Repair. The
process will take a few minutes and requires enough hard disk space to make a
temporary copy of the file.
Updating the Scorer List

Use this menu item to update the list of names available as scorers. A name must be
entered into this list to be available for log in.
1) Select User/Phys/Tech List from the Edit pull-down menu.
2) Select Add to place a new name in the list. Enter the information then click
OK.
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3) To remove a name, highlight it and then select Delete.
4) To edit a name, highlight it and then select Edit. Make the changes then
click OK.
INFANT SLEEP SCORING

The Cadwell Easy II system, Version 1.72 can be configured to collect data and
summarize infant polysomnographic data
The following new features have been added.
Infant Scoring Mode
At the completion of data collection, the user will be prompted with the following
menu:
The Infant Mode option is presented on the lower left hand side of the menu.
Selecting this option will enable the Easy system to stage the recording in Quiet
Time, detect Periodic Breathing events and detect pH events.
Note: When detecting infant events, the user should make sure that the Staging option is
not checked. Check the Apnea option to auto-detect apneas, or leave it
unchecked and manually mark apnea events.
 Easy systems configured with the sleep scoring option can enable Infant Scoring by doing the following:
From the windows desktop, double left click My Computer.
Double click drive C
Double click the Cadwell folder
Double click the EasyEEG17 folder
Scroll down to the InfantModeOn and InfantModeOff files. Double click on the appropriate file.
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Detection of Periodic Breathing
The Easy system will automatically detect periodic

breathing when the Infant Mode is selected. By
default, a periodic breathing episode is comprised
of at least 3 apneas, separated by no more than 20
seconds. The minimum apnea duration is 3
seconds.
When the user initially generates a report after
manually scoring apneas, or auto-detects apneas, the system will identify periodic
breathing episodes. A periodic breathing episode bar can be placed over an existing
channel to show the user where periodic breathing was detected.
To configure a channel to display periodic breathing, selected Edit/Montages.
Within the infant montage, select a channel were you would like the periodic
breathing event bar displayed. Select Periodic Breathing from the Associated Sleep
Event category.
From the waveform data, the user can click on the periodic breathing episode to
determine the duration of the periodic breathing episode and the number of apneas
within the episode.
178- 205 -
The user can also determine the occurrence of periodic breathing episodes by
reviewing the All Night Summary Screen.
178- 206 -
Periodic breathing is summarized in the Infant PSG Report
Detection of pH Events
The Easy system will generate a pH report for infant recordings. The Easy can
display pH data within the range of 0 – 10 pH. The software will allow the user to
define the range, minimum event duration, and count occurrences below a user
specified level.
178- 207 -
Sample pH event and pH data from All Night Summary Screen
.
To configure a channel to display pH events, selected Edit/Montages. With in the

infant montage, select the pH channel. Select pH Event from the Associated Sleep
Event category. Select pH from the Data Type for Detection event category.
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Sample Infant Report:
178- 209 -
178- 210 -
Configuring the Easy II System for Infant Data Collection/Review
Infant Montage Creation

Select Montages from the Edit pull-down menu.
If the Infant montage is not listed, click the New button and create the following
Infant montage.
NAME ACTIVE REF HC LC SENS EVENT DATA SMOOTH

EKG 1A Ref 35 1.6 50 Long/Short R-R EKG
Heart Rate DC1-A Brady/Tachycardia Heart Rate Yes
Pulse Rate HR-A None Undefined Yes
Impedance DC3-A PB Episode Resp Effort Yes
Chest Belt 3A Ref 15 0.16 50 None Resp Effort
Airflow 2A Ref 15 0.16 15 Respiratory Airflow
SpO2 SaO2A O2 Desaturation SaO2 Yes
Body Pos-A None Body
Position Position
Name the montage Infant PSG. The heart rate and impedance (respiratory effort)
signals are from the Ami, AmiPlus, or CAS 511 Infant Monitor from CAS.
CAS builds the cable that plugs into the Easy DC amplifier from these monitors. All
monitors provide a filtered and unfiltered impedance signal. You can use either
signal for respiratory effort.
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If you would like the Infant montage to become the default recording montage,
select Options from the View pull-down menu. On the Recording tab, click the
Browse button for the Default Montage option, then select the Infant montage.
Configure the default DC device configuration for the apnea monitor.

Select Setup DC Devices from the Tools pull-down menu. Click the Assignment
tab. Click the Replaced Input box for DC1-A and select PZ. Click the Replaced
Input for DC3-A and select P4.
Verify that the Internal Body Position channel has a replaced input of FZ. The Pulse
channel replaced input should be PG1 and the SaO2 channel should be PG2.
Click the Devices tab, then click the Add button. Name the channel Respiratory
Effort. Set the range from 0-100, and then click the Calibrate button.
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From the Calibrate DC Device menu, click the down arrow in the Input box and
select DC3-A. Click on ‘Manually enter voltage for calibration’.
178- 213 -
Click on the 0 button. Enter –2.5 Volts.
Click on the 100 button, Enter 2.5 Volts
Click OK, until you return to the DC Device Setup Menu.

Click the Add button. Name the channel Heart Rate. Set the range from 40-240,
enter a label of bpm, and then click the Calibrate button.
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From the Calibrate DC Device menu, verify that the Input box contains DC1-A.
Click on ‘Manually enter voltage for calibration’.
Click on the 40 button. Enter -2.5 Volts
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Click on the 240 button. Enter 2.5 Volts
Click on OK until you return to the Setup DC Device menu.

Click on the Assignment tab. In the Device Name column, select Heart Rate for
DC1-A. Select Respiratory Effort for DC3-A.
There should be a check mark in the Enable DC Inputs option.
Click OK to save your modifications.

Before starting a recording, insure that the apnea monitor output signals are correctly
plugged into the DC amplifier. The heart rate signal should be plugged into DC1
and the impedance signal should be plugged into DC3.
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Archiving
Archive Device Setup

1 Select Settings from the Tools pull-down menu.
2 Click Add Device to open the Archive Device dialog box.
3 If the device is a recordable CD or DVD drive, check the "Is DVD or CD
Drive" check box*. Type the name of the device, and then select the
CD/DVD drive on your computer.
The pull-down menu for the Write Speed box contains all the available write
speeds for the drive listed in the DVD/CD box. The highest speed is
selected by default. If the Always Pre-Cache Data box is checked, the data
will be copied to an intermediate file before being written to the CD. This
minimizes file seeks during the actual writing process and reduces the risk of a
buffer under-run (recommended for slower machines). If the data is from a
network source it will automatically be cached locally and then written
to the DVD or CD.
Note: *Recordable DVD/CD drives require special handling and software. If "Is DVD
or CD Drive" is checked, then the Easy II software handles writing to the
DVD/CD media.
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If the device is a DAT drive, check the "Is DAT Drive" check box*. Type the name of the
device, then the path to the folder or drive on your computer or network where
the device is located. Or, click Browse to search all your computer's drives for
the correct folder.
*DAT drives require TapeDisk ® software.
4 For other types of devices (ZIP drive, optical drive) leave both “Is DVD/CD
Drive” and “Is DAT Drive” check boxes unchecked. Type the name of the
device, then the path to the folder or drive on your computer or network
where the device is located. Or, click Browse to search all your computer's
drives for the correct folder.
5 Click OK. The device should be included in the Archive Devices list.
Note: To remove an archive device from the list or edit its name and/or path, click the
Edit Device or Remove Device button.
Any drive accessible in Windows can be setup as an archive device.
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Archiving
1 Select Archiving from the File pull-down menu to open the Archiving tab on
the Record Manager dialog box.
(The archiving tab is available only if an archive device has been set up
for this station.)
2 Select the Archive Device (i.e., DVD/CD-R) from the device pull-down list.
(Skip this step if you only have one archive device).
3 Click the desired transfer method--copy or move--at the bottom of the dialog
box.
4 Highlight a record in the Local or Network directory. To select multiple
records hold down the Control key while clicking on the records. (Records
must have a status of Ready to Archive or Archived to display in the Local or
Network directories. Use the Show Record Status box to determine the status
type that displays in the directories.)
178- 219 -
(Click column headers in the list to sort records by that type.)
5 Click the bold right-pointing arrow to place the records in the Archive list on
the right. For CD devices this step does not archive the records. The
Archive list shows currently archived data and data to be archived.
6 Below the Archive list, the Selected Files and Free Space boxes display the
size (in Mega bytes) of the selected records to be archived and the size (in
Mega bytes) of the free space available on the archive device. If the size of
the selected files exceeds the free space size a warning message will be
displayed.
7 For DVD/CD devices click Archive to DVD/CD to start the archive. (If
files are selected for archive and you exit the Record Manager dialog the
archive routine is started.)
 Add or verify the Volume Label (CD Name)
 The Archive Progress window displays information about the status of the
CD Archive. The actual archive is divided into 3 sections.
The leftmost checklist shows the tasks to complete. Tasks execute from top
to bottom. A check mark indicates a task is complete.
Estimated Time Remaining should be accurate to +/- 10 seconds.
If the Drive Buffer drops to 0% then there is a risk of a buffer under-run.

This may indicate that the recording speed is set too high. See Setting Up an
Archive Device.
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Archive Notes
Be sure to write the Volume Label (name) on the topside of the DVD/CD using a
felt tip pen. The database uses the Volume Label to identify the DVD/CD that a
record is archived to.
If you "copy" the record, you can continue to read it on your local or network
directory. It can be deleted later using the Record Manager.
If you "move" the record, you can read it later by restoring it from the archive
device.
International Customers: The Easy DVD/CD Archiving does not support the
use of large extended language character sets (such as in Asian and Arabic
languages) in the Patient Information dialog.
Restoring an Archived Record

1 Select Record Manager from the File pull-down menu to open the Record
Manager dialog box.
2 Click the Archiving tab to display archiving options.
(The archiving tab is available only if an archive device has been set up
for this station.)
3 Select from the pull-down list the archive device from which you want to
restore the record.
4 Highlight the record in the archive file list. To select multiple records hold
down the Control key while clicking on the records.
5 Click the appropriate arrow button to restore the record to the Local or
Network file list.
Note: The restored record is a copy of the archived version. You can read the restored
record on your local or network directory. Later, if you copy or move it back to
the archive, a message will ask if you want to replace the earlier version.
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Managing Archived DVD/CDs
The Volume Label (name) of each DVD/CD is kept in a database along with the
patient names stored on the DVD/CD. This database makes it easy to identify
the DVD/CD that a patient record is stored on.
Note: It is very important for the user to write the Volume Label on the top side of the
DVD/CD with a felt tip marker to take advantage of the database. The database
uses the Volume Label to link each archived record to a particular DVD/CD.
You in turn use the Volume Label written on the DVD/CD to find the particular
DVD/CD. The system provides a default Volume Label the first time you use the
CD, but you can replace the default with what ever label with you prefer.
Manager dialog box.
2 Click the Archiving tab to display archiving options.
Accessing the Archive Database

1 Click the Find in Database button on the right side of the screen.
2 Type in a last name or date range and click New Search.
3 Locate the patient record and note it's Location (CD Volume Label or
name).
4 Insert the CD with the Volume Label in step 3 above to restore the record.
To Add CD data to the Database (records archived prior to software V1.5)

1 Click the Add to Database button on the right side of the screen.
2 Notice the volume label on the Verify Volume Label window so you can write
it on the top of the CD when finished.
3 The first record on the CD is displayed. The Summary box contains the text
"EEG Record". Change the summary text to a specific identifier if desired
(e.g., Seizure Record). Click the ADD button to add this one record to the
database, with the displayed summary, or click the Add All with This
Summary button to add all the records on the CD to the database with the
displayed summary.
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To Delete a Name From the Database (does not delete the actual recording)
2 Highlight the desired record, then click the Delete button. You will be asked
if you wish to compact the QuickMed PatientRecords.qm1 file at that time.
Compacting the database can save hard disk space and make the database run
more efficiently.
Archive Database Transfer

To Transfer Names from One Archive Database to Another "Master" Database
1 Click Tools at the top of the screen and select Archive Record Transfer.
ON NETWORKED SYSTEMS (make sure all systems are on and connected):
2 Select The Network tab.
3 Enter the path (usually C:\QucikMed\QMOfficeData) to the source archive
database (PatientRecords.qm1) and the target "master" database in the
respective From and To lists using the Add button.
4 Click Copy.
5 Click OK when done.
ON NON-NETWORKED SYSTEMS:
1. Select the External tab.
2. Highlight the Path to the archive database (usually
C:\QucikMed\QMOfficeData).
3. Click the Browse button to select a name and path (e.g., A:) for the
transfer file. Click Open.
4. Click the Export button.
5. Take the floppy disk to the system with the "master" database. Repeat
steps 1 - 4.
6. Click the Import button.
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To Print the Contents of a Full CD
2 Click the Print List button.
Record Management
To transfer a record between local and network directories

Manager dialog box.
2 Click the tab indicating which kind of record you want to transfer: EEG
Records, Patients, Montages, or Average References.
3 Click the desired transfer method--copy or move--at the bottom of the dialog
box.
4 Click a record in either the local or network directory, then click the
appropriate center arrow.
Note: To select multiple records hold down the Control key while clicking on the
records.
6 Click Close when done.
Note: A record that has been moved between directories on a networked system is still
available for reviewing in the Read EEG dialog box on the local machine.
Deleting Data
Manager dialog box.
2 Click the tab indicating which kind of record you want to delete: EEG
Records, Patients, Montages, or Average References.
3 Click a record in either the local or network directory, then click the Delete
button.
Note: To select multiple records hold down the Control key while clicking on the
records.
4 Click Close when done.
Note: Once you delete a record from either directory, it will no longer be available for
reviewing in the Read EEG dialog box.
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Reference Information
Record Status Designations
Each record is given a status that identifies its progress through the recording and
reviewing process. For example, a record that is being recorded has a status of
“Recording.” When the recording is completed, its status changes to “Ready to
Read.”
Status Description
Ready to Record Patient information portion of the record
has been entered and saved. Can be opened
from any Easy Writer or Easy Lab on the
network.
Recording
Currently being recorded on the network.
Can be opened and viewed on another
station.
Ready to Read Recording process has been completed. Can
add comments to or sleep score.
Reading Currently being reviewed on the network.
Can be opened, but comments cannot be
entered until other station closes the record.
Ready to Archive Has been reviewed and designated as ready
for storage to the archive device.
Archived Has been copied or moved to the archive
device. (A copied record is assigned Archived
status even though original is still on hard
disk.) A record restored from the archive
device maintains Archived status.
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Utilities
To Backup/Restore User Settings
This utility backs up Easy EEG system parameters such as montages, average
references, tool bar settings, View|Options settings, archive device settings, dc
device settings, sleep personalities and the sleep summary graph setup. Report
headers and templates currently are not saved.
1. For software versions 1.6 or later, select User Settings Backup from the Tools
pull-down menu. For software versions before V1.6 the utility is run
separately from the Easy EEG program (double click Easy EEGBackup.exe in
the C:\Cadwell\EasyEEGxx folder - xx = the software version).
To Backup:
2. Select Store.
3. Select the Easy EEG software version.
4. The program provides a default
filename and file path. Click the
Browse button to change the path if
desired. For example, change the path
to 3½ floppy (A:).
5. Click Backup.
To Restore:
2. Select Restore.
3. Click Browse and locate the Backup file (*.esb). Click the file to highlight it.
Click Open.
4. The Restore Files box lists all the stored files. Select the files to restore.
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File File Type
Extension
*.avr Average Reference
*.mtg Montage
*.sco Sleep Scoring Personality
registry.reg System Parameters
5. Click Restore. Click Yes to up date the registry.
6. Click OK.
Primary EEG Amplifier Selection

1. Select Amplifier Selection from the Tools pull-down menu.
2. A black dot should appear next to the corresponding amplifier for the system.
If the wrong amplifier is selected, click the correct amplifier.
3. Click OK.
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Control Panel Access
Use the Control Panel to access specific information about the Easy EEG system.
1. Select Control Panel from the Tools pull-down menu.
2. To update the System key, click the Change System Key button. This should
only be done with the help of Cadwell personnel.
3. To select a different amplifier, click the Change Amplifier Type button.
4. To disable an option, uncheck the box to the left of the option.
5. Click OK.
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Exporting EEG Data to European Data Format - EDF
Overview
EDF is an ASCII-based standard developed for polygraphic data. The full
specification can be viewed at
http://www.medfac.leidenuniv.nl/neurology/knf/kemp/edf/edf_spec.htmSe
veral programs can use data saved in this format (see
http://www.medfac.leidenuniv.nl/neurology/knf/kemp/edf/edf_sftw.htm).
An "EDF Export Tool" item is located on the Tools menu when a record is
being reviewed. When selected, users can click and drag the mouse to select a
rectangular area. The selected area cannot include calibration or move across
recording start/stop events. This is because EDF only works with continuous
data. The rectangle can move across montage and parameter changes.
However, the EDF specification does not allow for filter changes within one
file so only the montage and filter settings at the beginning of the selected
segment will be used.
The montage at the starting elapsed time determines what channels can be
exported. All non-blank channels in the montage can be exported, whether or
not they are visible or included in the display.
There is no standard for EDF file extensions. The commonly used ".rec" will
be the default extension supplied by Easy system.
Exporting
1. To select the area of data to export, click EDF Export Tool from the Tools
pull-down menu. Click and drag the mouse to select a rectangular area.
Moving the cursor to the edge of the window will page the view forward or
back a page. The initial click point will be moved to the closest full elapsed
second. Do not include calibration or move across recording start/stop
events.
2. When the mouse button is released, the EDF Export dialog will open. It
shows the start and end elapsed times of the selected area (rounded to the
nearest whole seconds) and a list of montage channels for export. To edit
the beginning or ending time of the segment, type new values in the From
or To boxes. This is convenient when selecting long segments.
3. Select the channels to export by placing a check in the channel's box. The
montage at the starting elapsed time determines what channels can be
exported. Channels within the selection rectangle will initially be selected.
All non-blank channels in the montage will be listed, whether or not they are
visible or included in the display.
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4. Select the Export button to save the selected segment and channels in an
EDF file. A standard Save As dialog will open for selecting a path and
name for the EDF file. Defaults supplied by the system include:
Name - the patient’s last name, ID and the date/time of the beginning of the
segment
Location - the local data directory.
File extension - ".rec".
Specifications
There are several header fields in the EDF specifications that do not have any
specific content or format requirements. The following describes how the
Easy system uses these fields. This information is provided for EDF viewer
developers.
All text in an EDF file must use ASCII characters. If the program detects any
non-ASCII characters (e.g., ñ in a name), each will be replaced with a question
mark.
Local Patient Identification

LastName, FirstName MI ID dd.mm.yy. The date is the patient’s birth date, and
is only included if available.
Local Recording Identification

Cadwell AmpName dd-mmm-yyyy Technician TName Physician PName. “Cadwell”
is literal. The AmpName identifies the type of amplifier used to record the
data (Easy Writer, Easy II, or Easy Ambulatory). The date is for the start of
the whole recording, not the segment. “mmm” is the three letter abbreviation
for the month, determined from the system regional setting. The
“Technician” and “Physician” labels are also language-dependent. Only the
first 80 characters of this data can be saved.
Label
These are the trace names from the montage.
Transducer Type
The inputs for the channel. This may be the same as the label if the default
was used when setting up the montage. Average references are enumerated
within parentheses using a “+” to separate multiple inputs. An example is
“C3-(A1+A2).”
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Prefiltering
High Cut:# Hz Low Cut:# units. All text is language-dependent. The units
used for the low cut filter will depend on the current option setting in the Easy
program.
Reserved
These are left blank
Tips and Tricks

Alphanumeric Keyboard Shortcuts
The alphanumeric keyboard contains useful shortcuts:
To do this Press
Close a window Esc
Move between fields in the patient Tab
information window, setup windows, and
montage editor
Increase and decrease activity monitor + and - keys on
volume during an EEG recording numeric keypad
Open the comment window C
To display the EEG/PSG file properties

1. While a record is open, select
Properties from the File pull-down
menu.
2. Click the Properties tab to display:
 Maximum Channels
 Sample Rate (storage)
 Compression Mode
 Length
 Start Time
 End Time
 Event Count
3. Click the Recorded Inputs tab to display the amplifier inputs available in the
record.
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Enabling Live Mode
Note: Live mode must be enabled on the recording station. Select Options from the View
pull-down menu. Click the Recording tab. Verify that the box "Enable Live
Mode" is checked.
Trace Activity Monitor

The trace Activity Monitor monitors the frequency and amplitude changes of the
EEG during recording and provides an auditory representation of the traces in
the form of low clicks and tones. Specific frequency and amplitude combinations
produce characteristic sounds that alert the technician.
Note: The recording system must be set up with a sound card and speakers for the
Activity Monitor to function.
Note: The activity monitor is available during recording only, and thus is not available
on Reading Stations.
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Safety
The Easy II system is designed to operate under safe conditions. To ensure the safety of the operator and
patient, please read the following sections carefully.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS & ALLOWABLE IEC 60601-1-1

SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS
GENERAL DISCUSSION
The application of modern electronic technologies in medical practice has led to systems of
medical and non medical electrical equipment being used together for the diagnosis and
monitoring of patients.
MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT complying with IEC 60601-1 such as Cadwell

equipment and accessories are often connected to other, non medical electrical equipment
such as computers and printers. Non-medical electrical equipment may fully meet the
requirements applicable in their specific field, but may not comply with isolation or leakage
requirements for MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT and thereby impact the safety
of the entire MEDICAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM.
The following configurations ensure that combinations of Cadwell devices and non-medical
electrical equipment comply with the electrical safety requirements for MEDICAL
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS.
ALLOWABLE CADWELL SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS

1. All Cadwell equipment and accessories are permissible in the PATIENT ENVIRONMENT
without incorporating a SEPARATING TRANSFORMER.
2. A double insulated Laptop Computer powered from Cadwell equipment is permissible in the
PATIENT ENVIRONMENT without incorporating a SEPARATING TRANSFORMER.
3. Other computing devices (i.e. desktop computer, monitor, printer, camera, IR illuminator
etc.) are NOT allowed in the PATIENT ENVIRONMENT unless a SEPARATING
TRANSFORMER is used to power those devices.
4. Non medical devices (examples in #3 above) may be used outside the PATIENT
ENVIRONMENT within the MEDICALLY USED ROOM without incorporating a
SEPARATING TRANSFORMER, provided each individual device is plugged into a
FIXED MAINS SOCKET OUTLET. Otherwise a SEPARATING TRANSFORMER
must be incorporated.
5. MULTIPLE PORTABLE SOCKET OUTLETS (power strips) are not permitted in a
MEDICALLY USED ROOM unless connected to the output of a SEPARATING
TRANSFORMER.
6. Connection to hospital networks is allowed without incorporating a SEPARATING
DEVICE as long as the network server and the MEDICAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM are
connected to circuits powered from and grounded to the same electrical service entrance.
178- 233 -
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
1. Non medical electrical equipment used in MEDICAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS must meet
their respective IEC electrical safety requirements, i.e. IEC 950 for computing devices.
2. ENCLOSURE LEAKAGE must not exceed 500uA in any SINGLE FAULT condition
within the PATIENT ENVIRONMENT.
3. ENCLOSURE LEAKAGE must not exceed 100uA in normal condition.
4. EARTH LEAKAGE must not exceed 500uA in any single fault condition within the
PATIENT ENVIRONMENT.
5. The MEDICAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM must provide a minimum of 1500 volts isolation
between patient and earth.
between patient applied parts and mains voltage.
between non-patient contact parts of the SYSTEM and mains voltage.
GENERAL WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

1. DO NOT place ISOLATION TRANSFORMERS or MULTIPLE PORTABLE SOCKET
OUTLETS on the ground.
2. DO NOT connect MULTIPLE PORTABLE SOCKET OUTLETS (power strips) to the
system, unless connected downstream of an isolation transformer.
3. DO NOT connect items which are not specified as part of or for use with the SYSTEM.
4. DO NOT exceed the medical isolation transformer placarded maximum load.
5. DO NOT use medical isolation transformer provided with the system to power non-system
components as this can overload the transformer, or defeat the separation by providing
additional leakage sources.
6. DO NOT plug non-medical electrical equipment intended for use in the PATIENT
ENVIRONMENT directly into a wall outlet as this can potentially result in excessive
leakage current present in the patient environment.
DEFINITIONS
1. MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT: Electrical equipment, provided with not more
than one connection to a particular supply mains and intended to diagnose, treat, or monitor
the patient under medical supervision and which makes physical or electrical contact with
the patient and/or transfers energy to or from the patient and/or detects such energy
transfer to or from the patient.
2. MEDICAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (SYSTEM): combination of items of equipment, at
least one of which must be MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT and interconnected
by functional connection or an ISOLATION TRANSFORMER.
3. PATIENT ENVIRONMENT: any volume of space (area) in which intentional or
unintentional contact can occur between PATIENT and parts of the SYSTEM or between
PATIENT and other persons touching parts of the system. For practical purposes this is an
area 1.5 meters or 5 feet beyond reach of the patient.
178- 234 -
4. MEDICALLY USED ROOM: the room in which the PATIENT ENVIRONMENT is
located.
5. SEPARATING TRANSFORMER: medical ISOLATION TRANSFORMER designed to
limit transfer of unwanted leakage current and allow non-IEC 60601-1 devices to be located
in the PATIENT ENVIRONMENT.
6. SEPARATING DEVICE: a component or arrangement of components with input parts
and output parts that, for safety reasons, prevent a transfer of unwanted voltage or current
between parts of the MEDICAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM.
7. FIXED MAINS OUTLET: permanently installed (hard wired) grounded outlet in a facility.
8. MULTIPLE PORTABLE SOCKET OUTLET (power strips): a combination of two or
more socket-outlets intended to be connected to, or integral with, flexible cables or
extension cords.
9. SINGLE FAULT: Condition in which a single means for protection against a safety hazard
in the SYSTEM is defective or a single external abnormal condition is present
Contact Cadwell Quality/Regulatory department at 509-735-6481 with any questions regarding these
requirements.
178- 235 -
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
INFORMATION & IEC 60601-1-2 COMPLIANCE
The Easy II system needs special precautions regarding Electromagnetic
Compatibility (EMC) and needs to be installed and put into service according to the
EMC information provided below.
Portable and Mobile RF communications equipment can affect medical electrical equipment.
List of Easy II Cables and Accessories

Easy II Remote Input Box (10:20) 197159-200
Easy II Remote Input Box Cable (3 m.) 199216-000
Easy II Photic Stimulator Cable (4.5 m.) 355258-200
Isolation Transformer 197204-200
Use of accessories and cabling other than those specified above, with the exception
of those sold by Cadwell as replacement parts, may result in increased emissions or
decreased immunity of the Easy II system.
Easy II EEG system should not be used adjacent to or stacked with any other
equipment. If adjacent or stacked use is necessary, performance of the Easy II
should be observed to verify normal operation in the configuration in which it will
be used.
178- 236 -
Easy II Electromagnetic Emissions
Guidance and manufacturer’s declaration – electromagnetic emissions
The Cadwell Easy II EEG system is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified
below. The customer or the user of the Easy II should assure that it is used in such an environment
EMISSIONS COMPLIANCE ELECTROMAGNETIC

TEST ENVIRONMENT - GUIDANCE
RF Emissions Group 1 Easy II uses RF energy only for its internal

function. Therefore, its RF emissions are very low
CISPR 11
and are not likely to cause any interference in
nearby electronic equipment.
RF Emissions Class B Easy II is suitable for use in all establishments,

including domestic establishments and those
CISPR 11
directly connected to the public low-voltage
power supply network that supplies buildings
Harmonic Emissions Class A used for domestic purposes.
IEC 61000-3-2
Voltage fluctuations/ Complies

flicker emissions
IEC 61000-3-3
178- 237 -
Easy II Electromagnetic Immunity
Guidance and Manufacturer’s Declaration –Electromagnetic Immunity
The Cadwell Easy II EEG system is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer
or the user of the Easy II should assure that it is used in such an environment
Immunity Easy II
IEC 60601 Test
Test Compliance Electromagnetic Environment - Guidance
Level
Description Level
Electrostatic discharge at ANY level will produce noise glitches and

amplifier saturation on the Easy II inputs causing disruption of
waveforms on the display screen. These noise glitches are easily
Electrostatic differentiated from biopotential input signals. ESD noise is
discharge ±6 kV contact ±6kV contact* unavoidable in high static environments due to the high input
(ESD) ±8 kV air ±8 kV air sensitivity of the equipment. To minimize electrostatic effects, floors
IEC 61000-4-2 should be wood, concrete or ceramic tile. If floors are covered with
synthetic material, the relative humidity should be at least 30%.
* -6KV contact discharge on EEG Patient inputs resulted in loss of
communication between amplifier and computer.
EFT’s cause events in the display waveforms. This is an unavoidable

phenomenon due to the high input sensitivity of the equipment.
±2 kV for power ±2kV for power These waveform disturbances can be differentiated from
Electrical fast
supply lines supply lines physiological events. To minimize these effects, mains power quality
transient/burst
±1 kV for ±1kV for should be that of a typical commercial or hospital environment.
IEC 61000-4-4
input/output lines input/output lines EFT’s of 2KV on power lines and 1kV on signal lines disrupted
equipment operation. The Easy II will self recover following the
disruptive events.
Mains power quality should be that of a typical commercial or

±0.1 kV differential
±1 kV differential hospital environment. The Easy II exhibited no change in
Surge mode
mode performance during IEC 61000-4-5 surge testing. Some surge events
IEC 61000-4-5 ±0.2 kV common
±2 kV common mode were noted to cause noise on the display due to the high input
mode
sensitivity of the equipment.
Complies at all line

Voltage dips, <5 % UT (>95 % dip
input voltages
short in UT ) for 0.5 cycle
Complies at 240 V
interruptions 40 % UT (60 % dip in Mains power quality should be that of a typical commercial or
50 Hz. Turns off at
and voltage UT) for 5 cycles hospital environment. If the user of the Easy II requires continued
120 V 60 Hz.
variations on operation during power mains interruptions, it is recommended that
Complies at all line
power supply 70 % UT (30 % dip in it be powered from an uninterruptible power supply.
input voltages
input lines UT) for 25 cycles
Easy II turns off.
IEC 61000-4- <5 % UT (>95 % dip
Restart of software
11 in UT) for 5 sec
required.
Power
Easy II exhibited no change in performance. Power frequency
frequency
3A/m magnetic fields should be at levels characteristic of a typical location
(50/60 Hz)
in a typical commercial or hospital environment.
magnetic field
NOTE UT is the a.c. mains voltage prior to application of the test level.
178- 238 -
Guidance and Manufacturer’s Declaration – Electromagnetic Immunity
The Cadwell Easy II EEG system is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer or the user of
the Easy II should assure that it is used in such an environment
Immunity Test IEC 60601 Test Compliance Level Electromagnetic Environment - Guidance
Description Level
Portable and mobile RF communications equipment should be used
no closer to any part of the Easy II, including cables, than the
recommended separation distance calculated from the equation
applicable to the frequency of the transmitter.
Conducted RF 3 Vrms V1=3V
IEC 61000-4-6 150 kHz to 80 MHz
Recommended separation distance
Radiated RF 3 V/m E 1 = 3 V/m
IEC 61000-4-3 80 MHz to 2.5 GHz
Where P is the maximum output power rating of the transmitter in

watts (W) according to the transmitter manufacturer and d is the
recommended separation distance in meters (m).
Field strengths from fixed RF transmitters, as determined by an
electromagnetic site survey, a should be less than the compliance
level in each frequency range. b
Interference may occur in the vicinity of equipment marked with the

following symbol
Note 1: At 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the higher frequency applies.
Note 2: These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by absorption and reflection from
structures, objects and people.
a Field strengths from fixed transmitters, such as base stations for radio (cellular/cordless) telephones and land mobile radios, amateur
radio, AM and FM radio broadcast cannot be predicted theoretically with accuracy. To assess the electromagnetic environment due to
fixed RF transmitters, an electromagnetic site survey should be considered. If the measured field strength in the location in which Easy
II is used exceeds the applicable RF compliance level above, the Easy II should be observed to verify normal operation. If abnormal
performance is observed, additional measures may be necessary, such as reorienting or relocating the Easy II system.
b Over the frequency range 150 kHz to 80 MHz, field strengths should be less than [v1] V/m.
178- 239 -
Recommended separation distances between portable and mobile RF communications equipment and the Cadwell Easy II
The Easy II EEG system is intended for use in an electromagnetic environment in which radiated RF disturbances are controlled. The
customer or the user of the Easy II can help prevent electromagnetic interference by maintaining a minimum distance between portable
and mobile RF communications equipment (transmitters) and the Easy II as recommended below, according to the maximum output
power of the communications equipment
Rated maximum output power Separation Distance (meters) According to Frequency of Transmitter
of transmitter W 150 kHz to 80 MHz 80 MHz to 800 MHz 800 MHz to 2.5 GHz
0.01 d = 0.12 m d = 0.12 m d = 0.23 m

0.1 d = 0.38 m d = 0.38 m d = 0.73 m
1.0 d = 1.2 m d = 1.2 m d = 2.3 m
10 d = 3.8 m d = 3.8 m d = 7.3 m
100 d = 12 m d = 12 m d = 23 m
For transmitters rated at a maximum output power not listed above, the recommended separation distance d in meters (m) can be
estimated using the equation applicable to the frequency of the transmitter, where P is the maximum output power rating of the
transmitter in watts (W) according to the transmitter manufacturer.
NOTE 1: At 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the separation distance for the higher frequency range applies.
NOTE 2: These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by absorption and reflection from
structures, objects and people.
NOTE 3: Stated separation distances will assure safe operation of the Easy II. However, some noise may present on displayed
waveforms.
178- 240 -
EASY II EQUIPMENT RATING
 100 – 240 VAC

 50 – 60 Hz
 2A Max
Cleaning the Easy II System
Clean the amplifier, photic stimulator, power communications module, and remote
input box with a damp cloth. Isopropyl Alcohol may also be used for the exterior of
the system units. Do not allow direct contact of liquids to the inner parts of the Easy
II system.
WARNING: Always disconnect all components from AC power before

cleaning.
Do not use acetone to clean the surface of the system components.
Clean reusable items after each use. Isopropyl Alcohol may also be used to wipe
down the exterior of reusable items. Allow the electrodes to air dry prior to use.
Avoid letting liquid seep into any of the internal electronics of the system.
Do not allow direct contact of liquids to the connectors on the EasyNet cables.
178- 241 -
Cleaning the Easy II System and Components
Description
Easy II Amplifiers Wipe down with a damp cloth
with non-conductive distilled
water or electronically non-
conductive inert surfactants.
Easy II Remote Input Box Wipe down with a damp cloth
Easy II Power Com Module Wipe down with a damp cloth
Easy II Flash Stimulator Wipe down with a damp cloth
Amplifier and Photic Cables Isopropyl alcohol or damp cloth
Electrodes and Accessories Clean all surface electrodes with
warm, soapy water or liquid
sterilizing agents; ensure that all
paste and gels are cleaned from
the electrodes and their cables.
SpO2 Sensor Isopropyl alcohol or damp cloth
While the Easy II system has been carefully designed and manufactured to be as
reliable and durable as possible, regular cleaning and inspection of the system
components can help the long term trouble free operation of the system. Try to
avoid extremes of physical stress such as dropping the unit or exposing it to extreme
temperatures. If you suspect a problem, contact the Cadwell Service Department at
800-245-3001.
178- 242 -
Environment
The Easy II system should be stored in a clean, dry place. Handle the system with
care. The ambulatory system is not waterproof, splash proof or dirt proof.
Transport and Storage Limits (ambient conditions)

Temperature: Do not expose to temperatures below -20º C (-4º F)
or above 65º C (149º F)
Relative Humidity: Do not expose to relative humidity below 10% or

above 90% non-condensing
Atmospheric Pressure: 500 hPa to 1060 hPa
Operational Limits (ambient conditions)
Temperature: +10º C (+50º F) to +40º C (+104º F)
Relative Humidity: 30% - 75%
Atmospheric Pressure: 700 hPa to 1060 hPa
Factory Calibration, Preventive Inspection,

Maintenance
The Easy II system is calibrated at Cadwell Laboratories, Inc. No additional

hardware calibration is needed. Regular preventive maintenance does not involve
access to the interior of the Easy II system. Inspect all cables before and after each
use. Preventive maintenance involves regular inspection and cleaning of Easy II
components.
For service problems that require corrective maintenance and/or internal

component service, please call the Cadwell Service Department at 800-245-3001.
178- 243 -
Technical Support - Troubleshooting
If you are unable to solve a technical problem, or require additional clinical support,
please contact Cadwell Labs. Please be prepared to provide the following:
1. Your account name.
2. Your account number.
3. Device serial number.
4. Detailed information about the event to assist in troubleshooting.
Please call 1-800-245-3001. If you problem is related to your Easy hardware, your
call will be directly routed to the Cadwell Service Team. If you call is related to a
clinical or software related issue, your call will be routed to Cadwell Clinical Support.
Additional Setup Supplies

You can purchase multiple items from Cadwell that can assist you in setting up and
configuring your equipment to allow optimal patient comfort.
Cadwell recommends that you consider adding the following supplies to assist you in
setting up your patients:
1. Genuine Cadwell Gold Cup Electrodes - Cadwell offers gold cup

electrodes with various length cables. Depending on the height of the
patient and the location you will place your connector box, select gold
cup electrodes that are the appropriate length for your patient. Pediatric
electrodes with a small gold cup disc are also available.
2. Patch EKG Electrodes and Snap Connect Electrode Wires –
Cadwell offers various lengths of EKG snap electrode wires. Patch
EKG electrodes can be used to record EKG data and leg movement
data.
3. EasyNet Cables – Cadwell offers various lengths of EasyNet cables.
Purchase additional cables in various lengths to assure you always have
the correct length cable.
Contact Information
909 North Kellogg Street
Kennewick, WA 99336
Toll Free: 800-245-3001
Direct: 509-735-6481
Fax: 509-783-6503
Web Address: www.cadwell.com
178- 244 -
Warranty
Cadwell will stand behind the quality of the Easy system and warrants to the
customer that the Easy system will be free from defects in materials and
workmanship for a specified time after the date of purchase by the customer.
Cadwell does offer an extended warranty for the Easy system. Contact the Cadwell
Service Department at 800-245-3001 for more details.
178- 245 -
Easy II Specifications:
EEG Amplifier Inputs: 32 Channel Configuration: 25 EEG only channels and 7 channels
which are switchable between individual active/reference pairs and
EEG channels.
Active Reference Pairs: 7 sets of inputs
Noise: < 2uV
DC Inputs: 4 (+10V – 5V, 100 Hz sampling rate)
Photic Stimulator: 1 – 25 Hz flash rate range
Iso Ground Connectors: 2 inputs
Common Mode Rejection: 100 Db at 50 or 60 Hz
Bandwidth: 0.032 – 70 Hz
Low Cut Filter: 5 steps (0.032 – 10 Hz)
High Cut Filter: 4 steps (15 – 70 Hz)
Sampling Rate: 2400 Hz per channel
Storage Rate: 200 Hz
Differential Input Impedance; 20K M ohm
A/D Conversion System: 16 bit A/D Conversion System
Sensitivity: 15 steps between 1 – 300 uV/mm
Amplifier/CPU Interface: Ethernet
Amplifier LEDs: Power LED
Ethernet Link LED
Ethernet Data Transfer LED
Operational Limits (ambient conditions) Temperature: +10° C (+50° F) to +40° C (104° F)
Relative Humidity: 30% to 95% non-condensing
Regulatory Approvals: UL60601-1 2003
CSA 601.1 1990
EN 60601-1:1990 + A1:1993 + A2:1995 + A13:1996
EN 60601-1-1:2001 (medical systems)
EN 60601-2-26:1994 (EEG equipment)
EN 60601-1-2:2001 (EMC)
EN 60601-1-4:1996 (programmable electrical medical systems)
EN ISO 14971:2000 (risk)
178- 246 -
INDEX
About QuickMed 53 display mode 91
activity monitor 50 choosing 91
adding 54, 76 Easy III 10-20 Remote Input Box 13
an event or comment 76 Easy III Amplifier Connection Status LEDs 16
users to the system 54 Easy III Cables 29
adjusting sensitivity and filter values 81, 94 Easy III LEDs 15
for linked traces 81 Easy III Photic Stimulator 21
while reviewing 94 Easy III Symbols 16, 21, 25, 31
adjusting the paper speed 88 Easy III Warnings and Cautions 17, 20, 22, 26
Amplifier Warnings and Cautions 32 editing 78, 83
amplitude 40 patient information 83
changing setting 40 EEG Amplifier Selection 211
amplitude scale bar 90 EEG electrodes 13
appending a patient record 75 EEG Timer Control 80
archive device 202 EEG/PSG file properties 215
setting up 201 entering an event and/or comment 76
assigning 48 Environment 227
montage keys 48 European Data Format 213
average reference 47 event mark style 37
Backup/Restore User Settings 210 setting 37
bookmarks 97, 98, 99 event priority 94
deleting 99 setting for reviewing 94
marking 97 events 76, 79, 89
printing 99 deleting 89
reviewing 98 entering 76, 78
calibrating 37, 40 finding 89
amplitude and frequency 40 Factory Calibration 227
screen size 37 file storage 52
calibration 40, 76 setting location 52
changing amplitude and frequency 40 flash stimulation 48, 77
performing 76 creating auto-sequence program 48
Cart Configuration 33, 35 frequency
changing 78, 87, 94 changing setting 40
montages while recording 78 frequency measurement ruler marks 52
montages while reviewing 94 setting 52
checking 75, 78, 89, 94 frequency: 40
impedance 75, 78 General Warnings and Cautions 8
impedance while reviewing 89, 94 graticule 35
choosing the display mode 91 selecting constant width 35
Cleaning 225 Hardware Cable Connection Illustration 28
colors 39 hicut 81
comments 76, 78, 89, 94 adjusting for linked traces 81
deleting 89, 94 impedance 75, 76, 78, 89
entering 76, 78 checking 75, 78
constant graticule width 35 checking while reviewing 89
selecting 35 Installation Checklist 11
Control Panel Acess 212 Intended Use 2
creating 48 International 10-20 standard 73
flash stimulator auto-sequence programs 48 keyboard shortcuts 215
new montage 46, 47 keys 48
custom event keys 41 custom event 41
customizing the toolbars 40 montage 48
data directories 52 Laplacian reference 45
setting local and network 52 LEDs 14, 230
default 37, 50, 51 linked trace sensitivity and filter values 81, 94
setting 37, 50 adjusting 81
scroll mode 37 adjusting while reviewing 94
sensitivity and filter values for linked traces 50 live mode 50, 78
deleting 89, 92 locut 36, 81
an event or comment 89 adjusting for linked traces 81
sections of the record 92 setting units 36
Disclaimer 2 Logging In 53
178- 247 -
measuring waveform frequency 90 reports 101, 102
duration custom headers 101
and amplitude 90 generating 102
montage keys 48 restoring a record from archive 205
assigning 48 review window 77
montages 43, 44, 46, 47, 77, 79, 87, 95 reviewing the EEG 97
changing while recording 78 basic steps 94
changing while reviewing 94 ruler marks 52
moving through a record 84, 94 setting frequency measurement 52
Narrow Trolley 34 sample rate 49
notch filter setting 49
frequency setting 49 Sampling Rate 230
on/off control 49 saving sections of the record 92
Operational Limits 227 screen 94, 95, 96
overview 38, 41 splitting while reviewing 90, 94
pre-defined event keys 41 screen size 37
screen colors 38 calibrating 37
page numbers 37 screen: 90
setting the page length 37 scrolling 37
paper speed 36, 51, 88 setting default mode 37
adjusting 88 sections 92, 93
setting the default 51 saving and deleting 92
setting the units 36 selecting sections to save and delete 92
Patient Event Button 51, 80 sensitivity 81
Using 80 adjusting for unlinked traces 81
Patient Event Button Setting the Measurement Tool 52
Setting the COM Port 51 setting up an archive device 201
patient information 83 Specifications 230
viewing splitting the screen 90
editing starting and ending a recording 74
printing 83 status designations of records 209
performing calibration 76, 78 stimulation 77, 78
Power LED 15 flash 77, 78
Power-Communications (power com) Module 24 Storage Rate 230
pre-defined event keys 41, 42 super resolution 52
overview 41 toolbars 40
73 customizing 40
printing 83, 100 trace band overlap 36
patient information 83 traces 81
record 100 adjusting sensitivity and filter values for linked 81
Programming the Montage Keys 48 unlinking 81
QuickMed Utilities 55 Trademark Notices 2
record 75, 83, 84, 86, 92, 100, 205, 208, 209 transferring a record between local and network
appending 75 directories 208
moving through 84 Transport and Storage Limits 227
printing 100 unlinking a trace 81
restoring from archive 205 viewing multiple records 83
reviewing multiple 83 volume 50
saving and deleting sections 92 waveform 40, 90
status designations 209 choosing square or sinusoidal 40
transferring between local and network directories measuring frequency
208 duration
recording 74, 78, 79 and amplitude 90
starting and ending 74, 78 Wide Trolley 33
About QuickMed 58 adjusting sensitivity and filter values 70, 83

activity monitor 55 for linked traces 70
adding 60, 64 while reviewing 83
an event or comment 64 adjusting the paper speed 77
users to the system 60 Amplifier Warnings and Cautions 32
178- 248 -
amplitude 44 EEG electrodes 12
changing setting 44 EEG Timer Control 69
amplitude scale bar 80 EEG/PSG file properties 106
appending a patient record 63 entering an event and/or comment 64
archive device 93 Environment 118
setting up 92 European Data Format 104
assigning 53 event mark style 40
montage keys 53 setting 40
average reference 52 event priority 83
Backup/Restore User Settings 101 setting for reviewing 83
bookmarks 86, 87, 88, 89 events 64, 67, 78, 79
deleting 88 deleting 79
marking 86 entering 64, 67
printing 88 finding 78
reviewing 87 Factory Calibration 118
calibrating 40, 44 file storage 57
amplitude and frequency 44 setting location 57
screen size 40 flash stimulation 53, 66
calibration 44, 64 creating auto-sequence program 53
changing amplitude and frequency 44 frequency
performing 64 changing setting 44
Cart Configuration 34, 36 frequency measurement ruler marks 57
changing 67, 76, 83 setting 57
montages while recording 67 frequency: 44
montages while reviewing 83 General Warnings and Cautions 3
checking 63, 67, 78, 83 graticule 38
impedance 63, 67 selecting constant width 38
impedance while reviewing 78, 83 Hardware Cable Connection Illustration 28
choosing the display mode 80 hicut 70
Cleaning 116 adjusting for linked traces 70
colors 43 impedance 63, 64, 67, 78
comments 64, 67, 79, 83 checking 63, 67
deleting 79, 83 checking while reviewing 78
entering 64, 67 Installation Checklist 10
constant graticule width 38 Intended Use 2
selecting 38 International 10-20 standard 37
Control Panel Acess 103 keyboard shortcuts 106
creating 53 keys 53
flash stimulator auto-sequence programs 53 custom event 45
new montage 51, 52 montage 53
custom event keys 45 Laplacian reference 50
customizing the toolbars 44 LEDs 13, 121
data directories 57 linked trace sensitivity and filter values 70, 83
setting local and network 57 adjusting 70
default 39, 55, 56 adjusting while reviewing 83
setting 39, 55 live mode 55, 66
scroll mode 39 locut 39, 70
sensitivity and filter values for linked traces 55 adjusting for linked traces 70
deleting 79, 81 setting units 39
an event or comment 79 Logging In 59
sections of the record 81 measuring waveform frequency 79
Disclaimer 2 duration
display mode 80 and amplitude 79
choosing 80 montage keys 53
Easy III 10-20 Remote Input Box 12 assigning 53
Easy III Amplifier Connection Status LEDs 15 montages 48, 49, 51, 52, 65, 67, 76, 85
Easy III Cables 29 changing while recording 67
Easy III LEDs 14 changing while reviewing 83
Easy III Photic Stimulator 21 moving through a record 73, 83
Easy III Symbols 16, 21, 25, 31 Narrow Trolley 35
Easy III Warnings and Cautions 17, 20, 22, 26 notch filter
editing 67, 72 frequency setting 54
patient information 72 on/off control 54
EEG Amplifier Selection 102 Operational Limits 118
178- 249 -
overview 42, 45 ruler marks 57
pre-defined event keys 45 setting frequency measurement 57
screen colors 42 sample rate 54
page numbers 40 setting 54
setting the page length 40 Sampling Rate 121
paper speed 39, 56, 77 saving sections of the record 81
adjusting 77 screen 83, 84, 85
setting the default 56 splitting while reviewing 80, 83
setting the units 39 screen size 40
Patient Event Button 56, 69 calibrating 40
Using 69 screen: 80
Patient Event Button scrolling 39
Setting the COM Port 56 setting default mode 39
patient information 72 sections 81, 82
viewing saving and deleting 81, 82
editing selecting sections to save and delete 81
printing 72 sensitivity 70
performing calibration 64, 67 adjusting for unlinked traces 70
Power LED 14 Setting the Measurement Tool 57
Power-Communications (power com) Module 24 setting up an archive device 92
pre-defined event keys 45, 46 Specifications 121
overview 45 splitting the screen 80
Preparing the Patient 36 starting and ending a recording 62
printing 72, 89 status designations of records 100
patient information 72 stimulation 66
record 89 flash 66
Programming the Montage Keys 53 Storage Rate 121
QuickMed Utilities 61 super resolution 57
record 63, 72, 73, 75, 81, 89, 96, 99, 100 toolbars 44
appending 63 customizing 44
moving through 73 trace band overlap 38
printing 89 traces 70, 71
restoring from archive 96 adjusting sensitivity and filter values for linked 70
reviewing multiple 73 unlinking 71
saving and deleting sections 81 Trademark Notices 2
status designations 100 transferring a record between local and network
transferring between local and network directories 99
directories 99 Transport and Storage Limits 118
recording 62, 67, 68 unlinking a trace 71
starting and ending 62, 67 viewing multiple records 73
reports 90, 91 volume 55
custom headers 90 waveform 44, 79
generating 91 choosing square or sinusoidal 44
restoring a record from archive 96 measuring frequency
review window 65 duration
reviewing the EEG 86 and amplitude 79
basic steps 83 Wide Trolley 34
178- 250 -

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CADWELL LABORATORIES, INC.

Easy II Operators Manual

 2006 Cadwell Laboratories, Inc All rights reserved.

909 North Kellogg Street • Kennewick, WA 99336

This document may contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes

Cadwell, Easy, EasyNet, Q-Video are registered trademarks of Cadwell Laboratories,

Table of Contents Event Mark Style 4437

To enable super resolution 6152 To open a record for review 9583

Where Files Are Stored 6152 To view multiple records 9583

About QuickMed 6253 To change the montage while reviewing 9987

Logging In 6253 To adjust the paper speed 10088

QuickMed Utilities 6555 To find a specific event 10189

Report Templates tab: 6555 Deleting an Event or Comment 10189

Startup tab: 6656 To measure a waveform 10290

Q-Video – Required Components 6858 To split the screen 10290

Data Deletion Menu 7767 Selecting a Record 10694

Preparing the Patient 8373 Parameter toolbar: 10694

To start and end a recording 8574 Status bar: 10694

To append a patient record 8675 Reading the EEG Record: 10694

To check impedance 8775 To Print the EEG: 10997

To perform calibration 8776 Closing the EEG Record: 10997

To enter an event and/or comment 8776 Bookmarks 10997

Timer 8876 Bookmarking Selected Sections 10997

To change the montage while recording 8977 Reviewing Bookmarks 11098

To use flash stimulation 8977 Printing Bookmarks 11199

Viewing Live Mode 9078 Printing 112100

Summary of Basic EEG Recording Steps 9178 To print a record 112100

Modifying Trace Properties 9481 Generating EEG Reports 114102

To unlink a trace 9481 LOGGING IN 115103

Reviewing EEG 9583 DEFINING SLEEP MONTAGES 116104

Suggested Trace Properties: 116104 Snoring Event Detection 153141

CREATING A SLEEP MONTAGE 117105 SLEEP EVENTS 154142

Excluding a Channel: 118106 CUSTOMIZE SLEEP REPORT HEADER 155143

Overlapping Two Channels: 118106 STAGING PERSONALITIES 156144

INPUT REPLACEMENT (step 1) 119107 All Night Summary Screen 162150

DEVICE CALIBRATION (step 3) 122110 Menu Options 165153

4) 123111 VIEWING DC TRACES 170158

Setup for 2 DC Amplifiers 126114 INVERTING THE DC TRACE 172159

Starting a sleep study 127115 SMOOTHING THE DC TRACE 173160

DISPLAYING A SaO2 TREND BAR 128116 SCORING SLEEP STAGES 173160

ADDING SLEEP EVENTS DURING RECORDING129117 Entering Lights Out/On 173160

SLEEP SCORING OPTIONS 130118 Entering Staging: 175161

DETECTION SETTINGS 130118 Manual Staging 176162

SaO2 Tab 131119 Auto-Staging 176162

Detection Settings: 131119 MARKING SLEEP EVENTS 177163

CPAP/Bilevel TAB 132120 ENTERING SLEEP EVENTS 177163

Devices: 132120 AUTO-DETECTING SLEEP EVENTS 181166

Apnea/Hypopnea TAB 133121 CLEARING ALL SCORING 184169

Desaturations TAB 135123 PSG PRINTOUTS 185170

Heart Rate TAB 137125 REPORT TEMPLATES 185170

PLMS TAB 140128 PRINTING THE REPORT 186171

Snoring TAB 143131 Exiting the Report Window 186171

Staging TAB 144132 REPORT TEXT FILES 187171

UNDERSTANDING SLEEP EVENT DETECTION147135 Sleep Reports 188172

Oximetry Event Detection 147135 Reports - Sleep Staging Data 188172

Respiratory Event Detection 148136 Reports - Respiratory Data 191175

PLM Event Detection 150138 Reports - Oximetry Data 192176

Reports - Cardiac Data 195179 Exporting 229213

Reports - Arousal Data 196180 Specifications 230214

Reports - Body Position Data 197181 Local Patient Identification 230214

Reports - Snoring Data 197181 Local Recording Identification 230214

SCORER TO SCORER ANALYSIS 198182 Label 230214

GENERAL MAINTENANCE 203187 Transducer Type 230214

Compacting/Repairing Sleep Score Files 203187 Prefiltering 231215