BE FIRE SMART!

 
 
 
Fire Hazards 
 
Fire hazards are workplace hazards that 
involve the presence of flame or the risk of 
an uncontrolled fire. 
Fire hazards include: 
● Live flames 
● Sparks 
● Hot objects 
● Flammable chemicals 
● Chemicals that can aggravate a fire 
Another category of fire hazards are 
situations and events that prevent fire 
protection and prevention methods. This can 
include impediments to firefighting, compromised built-in fire safety systems, and situations that 
restrict the escape of people from an affected building or area in the event of a fire. 
 
Fire Triangle 
 
Four things must be present at the same time in order to produce 
fire: 
● Enough oxygen to sustain combustion, 
● Enough heat to raise the material to its   
ignition temperature, 
● Some sort of fuel or combustible  
material, and, 
● The chemical, exothermic reaction that 
is Fire. 
 
 
 If the three elements (Oxygen, Heat, Fuel) is present, then a fire will ignite. 
If one element is not present, then the fire will be extinguished or will not ignite. 
 
The 4 Types of Fire 
 
Class A - ​Fires involve solid materials of an organic nature. (Wood, Paper, etc.) 
Class B - ​Fires involve liquids. (Petrol, Diesel, etc.) 
Class C - ​Fires involve electricity. (Computer, Appliances, etc.) 
Class D - ​Fires involve flammable metals. (Magnesium, Aluminum, etc.) 
 
Causes of Fire 
 
School Fires 
● Cooking, Intentional fire, Overheating. 
  
House Fires 
● Equipment overheating (Iron, TV, Gas Stove, Microwave, etc.), Candles, Curious Children. 
  
Forest Fires 
● Lightning, Smoking, Accidental Fire, Too much heat from the sun. 
  
Most Common Causes of Fire 
● Overheating 
● Candles 
● Equipment 
● Faulty wirings 
● Flammable Liquids 
 
Phases of Fire Emergency 
 
● Preparedness is only one phase of emergency management current thinking defines four phases 
of emergency management: 
  
Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery. There are entire courses on each of these phases. The 
following diagram illustrates the four phases of emergency management. 
 
MITIGATION ​- actions taken to help reduce or eliminate long-term risks caused by hazards or disasters. 
PREPAREDNESS ​- prevent fatalities and injuries. Reduce damage to buildings, stock, and equipment. 
RESPONSE ​- carried out immediately. Before, during, and after a hazard. 
RECOVERY ​- to return a community to normal or near-normal conditions, including the restoration of 
basic services and the repair of physical, social, and economic damages. 
 
Precautionary Measures and Proper Procedures in Stopping a Fire Incident 
 
During 
● Stop, Drop & Roll - if ever your clothing catches on fire, you should stop, drop, and roll to 
extinguish the flames. While doing so, cover your face to present the likelihood of facial injuries. 
 
After 
● Be sure that all individuals who are injured - whether it’s from burns, smoke inhalation, or 
injuries incurred while escaping - should be treated by a doctor. 
 
Basic Response Procedures During a Fire Incident 
 
To operate a Fire Extinguisher, always remember P.A.S.S 
 
P​ULL THE PIN 
A​IM EXTINGUISHER HOSE AT THE BASE OF FIRE 
S​QUEEZE THE LEVER 
S​WEEP FROM SIDE TO SIDE 
 
Fire Emergency and Evacuation Plan 
 
● First, the school admins will ring the bell once for a long-period. 
● Second, the students will line up and go for the nearest exit. 
● Third, the students and school staff from, the second floor escape from the main exit while 
students and staff from the third floor escape at the fire exit. 
● After escaping the building the officers will count if the students are present and report if 
someone missing or if they’re complete. 
 
First Aid Procedures for Various Degrees of Burns 
 
- First Degree - 
 
1. Cool Burn 
● Hold burned skin under cool (not cold) running water or immersed in cool water until the pain 
subsides. 
● Use compresses if running water isn’t available. 
 
2. Protect the Burn 
● Cover with sterile, non-adhesive bandage or clean cloth. 
 ● Apply a petroleum-based ointment 2-3 times per day. 
 
3. Treat Pain 
● Give over-the-counter pain reliever. 
 
- Second Degree - 
 
1. Cool Burn 
● Immerse in cool water for 10-15 mins. 
● Use compresses if running water isn’t available. 
 
2. Protect the Burn 
● Cover loosely with sterile, non-stick bandage and secure in place. 
 
3. Prevent Shock 
Unless the person has a head, neck, or leg injury it would cause discomfort; 
● Lay the person flat. 
● Elevate feet about 12 inches. 
● Elevate burned area above the heart level, if possible. 
● Cover the person with a coat or blanket. 
   
- Third Degree - 
 
Call an Ambulance, then protect the burned area. To do so: 

● Cover loosely with a sterile, non-stick bandage or, for large areas, a sheet or other material that 
that won’t leave lint in the wound. 
● Separate burned toes and fingers with dry, sterile dressings. 
● Do not soak burn in water or apply ointments or butter, which can cause infection. 

References List  ● https://www.realinsurance.com.au/ 

  ● https://news.abs-cbn.com/ 
● webmd.com/first-aid/thermal-heat-or  ● https://amp.rappler.com/ 
-fireburns-treatment#2  ● https://safeopedia.com/ 
● https://classroom.synonym.com/fir​e-  ● https://unc.policystat.com/ 
evacuation-plans-schools-7928871.html  ● https://www.hollisticsurvival.com 
● safety.quennsu.ca/fire-safety/fire-emerge ● https://www.fire-nsw-gov.anl 
ncy-procedures 
● https://www.sc.edu/ 
 
 
 
 
Made by: Group 4 - We Don’t Know (Thursday, 9/12/2019)