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STRUCTURE
12.0 OBJECTIVES
12.1 INTRODUCTION
12.3 TERMINOLOGY
12.5 ASSIGNMENTS
12.5.1 CLASS ASSIGNMENTS
12.5.2 HOME ASSIGNMENTS
12.6 SUMMING UP
12.10 GLOSSARY
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12. PERSPECTIVE DRAWING
In Chapter 10, on Object Drawing, a mention was made on the
Perspective views of the cube. Let us now understand Perspective view and how
to do in this lesson.
12.0 Objectives
After going through this lesson, you will understand:-
12.1 Introduction
The principles of Perspective views assist the artist in translating
accurately the three dimensional views as perceived by human eye, into the two
dimensions of a drawing on paper. An artist’s own sense of visual correctness of
a representation is very important and must act as a guideline when attempting
an accurate Perspective drawing.
You had earlier studied a cube and some objects, and are aware that
things in our view tend to appear smaller as they become distant. The farther the
object the smaller it would appear. It applies similarly to the surfaces and points
within an object that are farther than some other in our view. Unconsciously, we
are also aware that what we view is not the actual size of the object or the actual
dimension of the object or how it actually is. This is the illusion created by the
physical placement of eyes in the human body. However, the brain or our
analytical understanding also tells us that what is being viewed is not real and
also what the real look of the object is. Our understanding of an object even when
viewed at a distance, therefore, is compensated by the brain and is as the real
object is.
i) Station Point or viewing point: This is a fixed point from which an object is
viewed, that is actually the eyes of the viewer.
ii) Ground plane: This is the horizontal plane on which the viewer or object is
standing. The viewer’s eye level or station point has a fixed relationship to
the ground plane.
iii) Eye level or horizon line: The line corresponds to the eye – level of the
viewer and the points of convergence lie on this line. It lies parallel to the
Ground plane. If the position of the horizon line is low and is closer to the
ground plane, say the viewer is sitting on ground, the perspective drawing
creates an illusion of looking up at an object from a low level. If the horizon
line is high, the view is looking down at the object.
iv) Vanishing Point (VP): The imaginary point of convergence of the parallel,
receding, and horizontal lines occurs on the horizon line.
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i) One point Perspective (Fig. 12.2): In this case there is only one vanishing
point on the horizon line. The
station point and the vanishing
point lie on the same plane. The
centre of vision is at right angles to
one side of the object, and the side
is parallel to the viewer. Apart from
the surface with its horizontal and
vertical lines, that is parallel to the
viewing point all the other sides or
planes that may be visible appear
to recede from the viewer towards
one point.
All surfaces and horizontal and vertical lines, except the nearest vertical line
appear to diminish towards the vanishing points on either side.
iii) Three point Perspective: In this case two vanishing points are located on
the horizon, governing the horizontal convergence, but a third one is
located above or below the horizon line to allow the convergence of
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normally vertical planes. Three point perspective is used for scenes above
or below the viewer. Neither any surface, nor any line, whether horizontal
or vertical is parallel to the viewing plane. All the surfaces, horizontal and
vertical lines appear to diminish towards the three vanishing points.
Activity
i) Using a pencil, draw a scene that is more than 15 feet away and is visible
from inside or outside the room or building.
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Self-check Questions
1. What is a Perspective view?
• Station point
• Ground plane
• Horizon line
• Vanishing point
12.5 Assignments
12.5.1 Class assignments
i) Choose any corner or any view from the position where you are sitting
inside your class room and try to draw that perspective view.
12.6 Summing Up
We have now come to the end of this unit of Drawing.
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When you create and represent that which you have designed but do not yet
exist.
4. Definitions:
• Eye level or horizon line: The line corresponds to the eye – level of
the viewer and the points of convergence lie on this line. It lies
parallel to the Ground plane.
6. Three
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12.9 References and Suggested Further Reading
1. Anonymous. 2006. The Complete Guide to Drawing and Painting.
Quantum Publishing Ltd, London.
4. Powell, W.F. 1997. The Art of Drawing Still Life. Walter Foster Publishing,
Inc, California.
12.10 Glossary
1. Amalgamation Uniting, merger