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Purpose of Lubrication
Lubrication Systems
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the
the splash
splash and
and circulating pump system
pressure system
the full force-feed system
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C a m s h a ft
C o n n e c t in g r o d
bearings
M a in b e a rin g
m a in
bearing
Lower
o il p a n O
t r oil u g h s
O il p u m p
O il S t r a i n e r
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C a m s h a ft
C o n n e c t in g r o d
bearings
M a in b e a rin g
m a in
bearing
O il p u m p
O il S t r a i n e r
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Camshaft
Header main
line bearing
Oil pum p
Oil Strainer
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E ngine crankcase
Filter B y-P ass
Presuure
Dry sum p relief va lve
Strainer Filter
S c a v e n g in g p u m p
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SAE 30
SAE 40
SAE 45
SAE 50
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(c) Pour
below Point:
which theItlubricating
indicatesoil
the temperature
loses its fluidity
and will not flow or circulate in the system. This
characteristics of the oil is important at low
temperature Pour point must be at least 150F
lower than the operating temperature to
ensure maximum circulation.
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Classification of Lubricants
• Animal
• Vegetable
• Mineral
• Synthetic
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Animal Lubricants
• Lubricants with animal origin:
–Tallow
–Tallow oil
–Lard oil
–Neat’s foot oil
–Sperm oil
–Porpoise oil
• These are highly stable at normal
temperatures
• Animal lubricants may not be used for
internal combustion because they
produce fatty acids.
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Vegetable Lubricants
•
Examples of vegetable lubricants are:
–Castor oil, Olive oil, Cottonseed oil
• Animal and vegetable oils have a lower
coefficient of friction
but they rapidly wearthan
awaymost mineral oils
steel.
Mineral Lubricants
• These lubricants are used to a large extent
in the lubrication of aircraft internal
combustion engines.
• There are three classifications of mineral
lubricants:
–
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Synthetic Lubricants
• Because of the high operating
temperatures of gas-turbine engines,
it became necessary to develop
lubricants which would retain their
characteristics at temperatures that
cause petroleum
evaporate lubricants
and break down. to
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Additives
Anti-foam Agents
Detergent-Dispersants
Pour Point Improvers
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Conclusions
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References
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8.
9. Heywood
Joel JB, and
R, (1996), BasicSher E, (1999),
Engineering The Two-Stroke
Thermodynamics, Cycle Engine , Taylor & Francis.
Addison-Wesley.
10. Mathur ML, and Sharma RP, (1994), A Course in Internal Combustion Engines,
Dhanpat Rai & Sons, New Delhi.
11. Pulkrabek WW, (1997), Engineering Fundamentals of the I. C. Engine , Prentice Hall.
YR (1992), Engineering Thermodynamics , Addison
12. Rogers GFC, and Mayhew YR,
Wisley.
13. Srinivasan S, (2001), Automotive Engines , Tata McGraw Hill.
14. Stone R, (1992), Internal Combustion Engines , The Macmillan Press Limited, London.
15. Taylor CF, (1985), The Internal-Combustion Engine in Theory and Practice , Vol. 1 & 2,
The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Web Resources
1. http://www.mne.psu.edu/simpson/courses
2. http://me.queensu.ca/courses
3. http://www.eng.fsu.edu
4. http://www.personal.utulsa.edu
5. http://www.glenroseffa.org/
6. http://www.howstuffworks.com
7.
8. http://www.me.psu.edu
http://www.uic.edu/classes/me/ me429/lecture-air-cyc-web%5B1%5D.ppt
9. http://www.osti.gov/fcvt/HETE2004/Stable.pdf
10. http://www.rmi.org/sitepages/pid457.php
11. http://www.tpub.com/content/engine/14081/css
12. http://webpages.csus.edu
13. http://www.nebo.edu/misc/learning_resources/ ppt/6-12
14. http://netlogo.modelingcomplexity.org/Small_engines.ppt
15. http://www.ku.edu/~kunrotc/academics/180/Lesson%2008%20Diesel.ppt
16. http://navsci.berkeley.edu/NS10/PPT/
17. http://www.career-center.org/ secondary/powerpoint/sge-parts.ppt
18.
19.
http://mcdetflw.tecom.usmc.mil
http://ferl.becta.org.uk/display.cfm
20. http://www.eng.fsu.edu/ME_senior_design/2002/folder14/ccd/Combustion
21. http://www.me.udel.edu
22. http://online.physics.uiuc.edu/courses/phys140
23. http://widget.ecn.purdue.edu/~yanchen/ME200/ME200-8.ppt -
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