Indian Premier League

Indian Premier League
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Logo of the Indian Premier League

Countries
India
Administrator BCCI
Headquarter Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Format Twenty20
First 2008
tournament
Last 2010
tournament
Tournament Double round-robin and
format Knockout
Number of 8
teams
Current
champion Chennai Super Kings
Most successful
Rajasthan Royals,
Deccan Chargers and
Chennai Super Kings (1

title each)
Qualification Twenty20 Champions League
Most runs
Suresh Raina (1375)[1]
Most wickets
R. P. Singh (51)[2]
Website IPLT20.com
v•d•e
The Indian Premier League (often abbreviated as IPL), is a domestic professional
Twenty20 cricket competition in India. It was initiated by the Board of Control for
Cricket in India (BCCI) headquartered in Mumbai[3][4] and supervised by BCCI Vice
President Chirayu Amin, chairman & commissioner for IPL, and CEO, Sundar Raman.
It presently includes 10 teams (franchises) consisting of players from different
countries. It was started after an altercation between the BCCI and the Indian
Cricket League.[5]
In 2010, IPL became the first sporting event ever to be broadcast live on the popular
video sharing website YouTube.[6] Its brand value was estimated to be around
$4.13 billion (over 18,000 crore (US$ 4.09 billion)) the same year.[7][8] According
to global sports salaries review, IPL is the second highest-paid league, based on
first-team salaries on a pro rata basis, second only to the NBA. It is estimated that
the average salary of an IPL player over a year would be £2.5 million.[9]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 First season
1.2 Second season
1.3 Third season
1.4 Fourth season
2 League organization
2.1 Franchises
2.2 Rules
3 Statistics and records
3.1 Winners
3.2 Performance of teams
3.3 Player signings
4 Television rights and
sponsorships
4.1 Television rights
4.2 Sponsorships
4.3 Revenue and Profits
4.4 Mobile applications
4.5 Official website
5 Global following
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
[edit] History
[edit] First season
Main article: 2008 Indian Premier League
A Chennai vs Kolkata match in progress at the M.A. Chidambaram Cricket Stadium
The inaugural season of the tournament started on 18 April 2008 and lasted for 46
days with 59 matches scheduled, out of which 58 took place and 1 was washed out
due to rain. The final was played in DY Patil Stadium, Nerul, Navi Mumbai. Every
team played each other both at home and away in a round robin system. The top
four ranking sides progressed to the knockout stage of semi-finals followed by a
final. Rajasthan Royals defeated Chennai Super Kings in a last ball thriller and
emerged as the inaugural IPL champions.
[edit] Second season
The 2009 season coincided with the general elections in India. Owing to concerns
regarding players' security, the venue was shifted to South Africa. The format of the
tournament remained same as the inaugural one. Deccan Chargers, who finished
last in the first season, came out as eventual winners defeating the Royal
Challengers Bangalore in the final.
[edit] Third season
The third season opened in January 2010 with the auction for players. 66 players
were on offer but only 11 players were sold. In this season, Deccan Chargers did not
play at their preferred home location of Hyderabad, India due to the ongoing
political crisis in the Telangana region . The new bases for the champions this
season were Nagpur, Navi Mumbai and Cuttack. Four teams qualified for the semi-
finals. The first semi-final was won by Mumbai Indians who defeated Bangalore
Royal Challengers by 35 runs. Chennai Super Kings defeated Deccan Chargers in
the second semi-final. The final was played between Chennai Super Kings and
Mumbai Indians. Chennai Super Kings won by a margin of 22 runs.
[edit] Fourth season
On 21 March 2010, it was announced at Chennai that 2 new teams from Pune and
Kochi will be added to the IPL for the coming season. However, the bid around the
Kochi franchisee turned controversial resulting in the resignation of minister, Shashi
Tharoor from the Central Government and investigations by various departments of
the Government of India into the financial dealings of IPL and the other existing
franchisees. Later, Lalit Modi was also removed from IPL chairmanship by BCCI.
In October 2010, the Rajasthan Royals and Kings XI Punjab had their franchises
terminated for breaching ownership rules. The new Kochi franchise was also issued
a warning to resolve all their ownership disputes.[10]
The addition of teams representing Pune and Kochi was to have increased the
number of franchises from 8 to 10. The BCCI originally considered extending the
tournament format used in previous season to ten teams, which would increase the
number of matches from 60 to 94. Instead, the round-robin stage of the tournament
was to have been replaced by a group stage with two groups of five, limiting the
number of matches to 74.[11] However, with the expulsion of the Rajasthan royals
and Kings XI Punjab teams, the format of the fourth season of the IPL remains in
flux.
[edit] League organization
[edit] Franchises
The winning bidders for the eight franchises were announced on 24 January 2008.
[12] While the total base price for auction was US $400 million, the auction fetched
US $723.59 million.[13]
On 21 March 2010, Pune and Kochi were unveiled as the two new franchises for the
fourth edition of the Indian Premier League. The base price was $225 million. While
Pune was bought by Sahara Adventure Sports Group for $370 million, the Kochi
franchise was bought by Rendezvous Sports World Limited for $333.3 million. The
process was to have been completed on March 7 but was postponed by two weeks
after many bidders and the BCCI objected to stiff financial clauses.[14] The second
franchise auction fetched total $703 million.
Price Price
Captain
(USD) (Rupees) Location Map
Franchise Owner(s)
Mukesh 445
Ambani Sachin $ crore
Mumbai (Owner of Tendulk 112.9 (US$ 10
Indians Reliance ar m 1.02
Industries) million)
Vijay Anil $
440
Royal Mallya (UB Kumble 111.6
crore
Challengers Group) m
(US$ 99.
Bangalore
88
million)
Deccan Adam $
422
Deccan C Chronicle Gilchrist 107.0
crore
hargers (Gayatri m
(US$ 95.
Reddy)
79
million)
India Mahend $
359
Chennai Cements ra Singh 91.90 Deccan Chargers
crore
Super Kings (N.Sriniva Dhoni m
(US$ 81.
san) Kolkata Knight Riders
49
million)
GMR Gautam $ Delhi Daredevils
331
Delhi Group Gambhi 84.0
crore
Daredevils r m Rajasthan Royals
(US$ 75.
14
million) Mumbai Indians
Ness Kumar $
300
Kings XI Wadia, Sangak 76.0 Kings XI Punjab
crore
Punjab Preity kara m
(US$ 68.
(Defunct) Zinta,
1 Royal Challengers Bangalore
Mohit
million)
Burman ,
Chennai Super Kings
Gaurav
Burman
(Dabur), Pune Warriors*
Karan Paul
(Apeejay City Hunters*
Surendera IPL Franchises (* - Starting 2011)
Group),
Aditya and
Arvind
Khanna
Red Sourav $
296
Kolkata Chillies Ganguly 75.1
crore
Knight Entertain m
(US$ 67.
Riders ment
19
(Shahrukh
million)
Khan,
Gauri
Khan, Juhi
Chawla
and Jai
Mehta)
Emerging Shane $
264
Rajastha Media Warne 67.0
crore
n Royals (Lachlan m
(US$ 59.
(Defunct) Murdoch,
93
A.R Jha
million)
and co.),
Shilpa
Shetty,
Raj
Kundra,
Suresh
and Kavita
Chellaram
Pune Sahara - $
1,702
Warriors 370.0
crore
m
(US$ 38
6.35
million)
Kochi Rendezvo - $
1,572
(Stillborn) us Sports 333.0
crore
Limited m
(US$ 35
6.84
million)
[edit] Rules
There are five ways that a franchise can acquire a player. In the annual auction,
buying domestic players, signing uncapped players, through trading and buying
replacements.[15][16] In the trading window the player can only be traded with his
consent. The franchise will have to pay the difference between the old contract
price and the new contract price. If the new contract is worth more than the older
one then the difference will be shared between the player and the franchise selling
the player.[17]
Some of the Team composition rules are:
Minimum squad strength of 16 players plus one physio and a coach.
No more than 8 foreign players in the squad and at most 4 in the playing XI.For the
2009 edition franchises are allowed 10 foreign players in the squad. The number
allowed in the playing XI remains unchanged at 4.
As this is domestic cricket so minimum of 8 local players must be included in each

squad.
A minimum of 2 players from the BCCI under-22 pool in each squad.
Some of the differences to international Twenty20 cricket:
A difference to international cricket is a timeout. It gives the players an opportunity

to strategise and take a drink during the strict 2 minutes, 30 seconds time limit.
Each team is awarded two timeouts per innings totalling to four timeouts for the
whole game. The teams can take the timeout when instructed, but is necessary to
take it at the end of 9th and 16th over.
IPL is also known for having commercials during the game, hence there is no time
limit for teams to complete their innings. However, there may be a penalty if the
umpires find teams misusing this privilege at their own choice.
The total spending cap for a franchisee in the first player auction was US $5 million.
Under-22 players are to be remunerated with a minimum annual salary of US
$20,000 while for others it is US $50,000. The most expensive players in the IPL to
date are Andrew Flintoff and Kevin Pietersen at US $1.55 million each.
[edit] Statistics and records
Main article: List of statistics and records of Indian Premier League
[edit] Winners
Team
Season Winners Runners-up
s
2008 8
Rajasthan Royals Chennai Super Kings
2009 8
Deccan Chargers Royal Challengers Bangalore
2010 8
Chennai Super Kings Mumbai Indians
[edit] Performance of teams
No
Span Title Matche Won Los Win For Against Worst
Result
Team Best
s s t % (r/o) (r/o)
2008 4,752
4,475 / Champio Semi-
Chennai - 1 47 26 20 1 56.38 /
569.1 ns finals
Super Kings 2010 574.4
2008 4,637
4,694 / Champio 8th of
Deccan - 1 46 19 27 0 41.29 /
582.4 ns 8
Chargers 2010 580.2
2008 4,219
4,330 / Semi- 5th of
Delhi - 0 44 24 19 1 54.56 /
547.0 finals 8
Daredevils 2010 524.5
2008 4,251
Kings XI - 0 43 21 22 0 48.83 /
529.1 finals 8
Punjab 2010 531.1
2008 3,602
3,585 / 8th of
Kolkata - 0 42 16 24 2 39.74 / 6th of 8
459.3 8
Knight Riders 2010 491.3
2008 3,977
3,898 / Runners- 7th of
Mumbai - 0 44 23 20 1 52.28 /
523.1 up 8
Indians 2010 505.3
2008 4,289
Rajasthan - 1 44 25 18 1 55.81 /
564.2 ns 8
Royals 2010 554.2
2008 4,263
Royal 4,521 / Runners- 7th of
- 0 46 21 25 0 45.65 /
Challengers 574.5 up 8
2010 587.3
Bangalore
[edit] Player signings
Main articles: 2008 Indian Premier League#Player auctions, 2009 Indian Premier
League#Pre-season trades and signings, and 2010 IPL Player Auction
The first players' auctions were held on 2008. The IPL placed icon status on a select
few marquee Indian players. These players were Rahul Dravid, Sachin Tendulkar,
Saurav Ganguly, Yuvraj Singh, and Virender Sehwag. VVS Laxman initially named an
icon player, later voluntarily opted out of his icon status to give his team (Deccan
Chargers) more money to bid for players.[18] For the second season, auctions were
also held, but free signings taking place in the off-season by franchises led to calls
for a draft-like system where the lowest ranked teams would be given a first
opportunity to sign players.
[edit] Television rights and sponsorships
The IPL is predicted to bring the BCCI income of approximately US$1.6 billion, over
a period of five to ten years. All of these revenues are directed to a central pool,
40% of which will go to IPL itself, 54% to franchisees and 6% as prize money. The
money will be distributed in these proportions until 2017, after which the share of
IPL will be 50%, franchisees 45% and prize money 5%. The IPL signed up Kingfisher
Airlines as the official umpire partner for the series in a 106 crore (US$ 24.06
million) (approximately £15 million) deal. This deal sees the Kingfisher Airlines
brand on all umpires' uniforms and also on the giant screens during third umpire
decisions.[19]
[edit] Television rights
On 15 January 2008 it was announced that a consortium consisting of India's Sony

Entertainment Television network and Singapore-based World Sport Group secured
the global broadcasting rights of the Indian Premier League.[20] The record deal
has a duration of ten years at a cost of US $1.026 billion. As part of the deal, the
consortium will pay the BCCI US $918 million for the television broadcast rights and
US $108 million for the promotion of the tournament.[21] This deal was challenged
in the Bombay High Court by IPL, and got the ruling on its side. After losing the
battle in court, Sony Entertainment Television signed a new contract with BCCI with
Sony Entertainment Television paying 8,700 crore (US$ 1.97 billion) for 10 years.
One of the reasons for payment of this huge amount is seen as the money required
to subsidize IPL's move to South Africa which will be substantially more than the
previous IPL. IPL had agreed to subsidize the difference in operating cost between
India and South Africa as it decided to move to the African nation after the security
concerns raised because of its coincidence with India's general elections.
20% of these proceeds would go to IPL, 8% as prize money and 72% would be
distributed to the franchisees. The money would be distributed in these proportions
until 2012, after which the IPL would go public and list its shares (But recently in
March 2010, IPL decided not to go public).[22]
Sony-WSG then re-sold parts of the broadcasting rights geographically to other

companies. Below is a summary of the broadcasting rights around the world.
On 4 March 2010 ITV announced it had secured the United Kingdom television rights
for the 2010 Indian Premier League. ITV will televise 59 of the 60 IPL matches on its
ITV4 free to air channel.[23]
Winning Bidder Regional Broadcast Rights Terms of Deal

10 years at
Sony/World 8,700 crore
Sport Group India (US$ 1.97
billion) (revised)
[20]
5 years at AUD
ONE HD Australia: Free-to-air HD and SD television. 10-15 Million.
Owned by Network TEN. [24]
Sky Network Terms not
Television New Zealand released
2 years, terms
PCCW Hong Kong: Broadcast on Now Sports. not released.
Terms not
StarHub Singapore: Broadcast on Cricket Extra. released
Terms not
Astro Malaysia: Broadcast Astro Box Office Sport. released
Central Africa
Terms not
SuperSport
released
South Africa Niger
Arab Digital 10 Years, terms
Distribution United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Iraq, not released.
[25]
Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman,
Qatar, Palestine, Saudi Arabia,
Syria, Turkey, Algeria, Morocco,
Tunisia, Egypt, Sudan, Libya,

Nigeria
Broadcast rights on ADD's CricOne
Terms not
GEO Super Pakistan released
Rights to distribute on television, radio, 5 years, terms
Willow TV broadband and Internet, for the IPL in North not released.
America. [26]
DirecTV United States: Exclusive broadcast rights on Terms not

CricketTicket. released
5 years, terms
Asian Television Canada: Aired on Pay-per-view channel. not released.
Network Aired on XM Radio's ATN-Asian Radio as well. [27]
Terms not
SportsMax Caribbean released
Terms not
ITV United Kingdom: Broadcast on ITV4. released
[edit] Sponsorships
India's biggest property developer DLF Group paid US$50 million to be the title
sponsor of the tournament for 5 years from 2008 to 2013.[28]
Other five-year sponsorship agreements include a deal with motorcycle maker Hero
Honda worth $22.5-million, one with PepsiCo worth $12.5-million, and a deal with
beer and airline conglomerate Kingfisher at $26.5-million.[29]
[edit] Revenue and Profits
The UK-based brand consultancy, Brand Finance, has valued the IPL at 18,500
crore (US$ 4.2 billion) in 2010.[30] It was valued at U$2.01 billion in 2009 by the
same consultancy.[31]
There are disputed figures for the profitability of the teams. One analyst said that
four teams out of the eight made a profit in 2009.[32] While the London Times said
that all but Kings XI Punjab made a profit.[33]
In 2010, the IPL expects to have 80 official merchandising deals. It has signed a
deal with Swiss watchmaker Bandelier to make official watches for the IPL.[34]
According to a recent study by a UK-based brand valuation consultancy, the brand
value of the IPL has more than doubled to USD 4.13 billion (over 18 crore (US$ 4.09
million)) from USD 2.01 billion in 2009.[35]
The franchises have been a part of this growth. Chennai Super Kings, who were
ranked fourth last year, has emerged the most valued franchise in 2010. The CSK
franchise has moved up the ladder to number one with a valuation of USD 48.4
million. The Kolkata Knight Riders co-owned by Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan
comes in second with a valuation of USD 46 million and the Rajasthan Royals, co-
owned by Bollywood actress Shilpa Shetty comes in third with USD 45.2 million. The
Royal Challengers Bangalore, owned by Vijay Mallya, is ranked fourth with a
valuation of USD 41.9 million and is followed by the Mumbai Indians (USD 40.8
million), Delhi Daredevils (USD 40.5 million) and Kings XI Punjab ( USD 36.1 million).
The Deccan Chargers are at the base with a valuation of USD 34.4 million.[36]
Ran Brand
Franchise
k Value
1 $ 48.4 m
Chennai Super Kings
2 $ 46 m
Kolkata Knight Riders
3 $ 45.2 m
Rajasthan Royals
4 Royal Challengers $ 41.9 m

Bangalore
5 $ 40.8 m
Mumbai Indians
6 $ 40.5 m
Delhi Daredevils
7 $ 36.1 m
Kings XI Punjab
8 $ 34.4 m
Deccan Chargers
[edit] Mobile applications
DCI Mobile Studios (A division of Dot Com Infoway Limited), in conjunction with
Sigma Ventures of Singapore, have jointly acquired the rights to be the exclusive
Mobile Application partner and rights holder for the Indian Premier League cricket
matches worldwide for the next 8 years (including the 2017 season). Recently, they
have released the IPL T20 Mobile applications for iPhone, Nokia Smartphones and
Blackberry devices. Soon it will be made available across all other major Mobile
platforms including the Android, Windows Mobile, Palm & others.[37]
[edit] Official website
This section needs additional citations for verification.

Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced
material may be challenged and removed. (April 2010)
The IPL negotiated a contract with the Canadian company Live Current Media Inc. to
run and operate its portals and the minimum guarantee has been negotiated at US
$50 million over the next 10 years.[38] The official website of the tournament is
www.iplt20.com.
Incorporating popular forms of social media into the third season of the IPL, the
website now contains a more holistic presence across all online mediums. The
website apart from featuring new additions to empower user interaction, has
encouraged a wider range of websites around IPL like IPL Tracker [1] and IPL Mag
[2] amongst other more traditional reporting websites.
[edit] Global following

material may be challenged and removed. (March 2010)
In India, the IPL has become one of the most popular events of the year[39]. In the
first season, games were played every night (including weekdays) during Indian
prime-time and were broadcast live. The IPL was the most watched TV program in
India.
IPL drew positive reactions from the rest of the world also. In Pakistan, the reception
was described as "massive". The matches were telecast live in GEO Super. The
matches also generated interest in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, despite only one
Bangladeshi player being involved. The following in the subcontinental nations was
aided by the prime time telecast of the matches as they belong to adjacent time
zones.
The IPL became a big hit in South Africa due to a large composition of South Asians
in their population.Another reason for the success is that the second edition of IPL
was hosted at South Africa drawing massive crowds from the country as well as the
other countries in the subcontinent.
The IPL did not garner much interest in Australia and New Zealand due to time
differences. However, in recent times the IPL has gained a much larger fan-base in
these two countries.
Snap polls indicated that more than 48 million people watched the telecast of the
IPL 2008 final between Rajasthan Royals and Chennai Super Kings, more than 40
million people saw the Rajasthan Royals vs Delhi Daredevils match, whereas the
second semi-final between Chennai Super Kings and Kings XI Punjab attracted an
audience of 29 million.[40]
The third season of IPL saw interest rise dramatically in the United Kingdom. This
was, in part, due to TV coverage switching to free to view channel ITV4. Previous
editions of IPL were aired on the now defunct channel Setanta (pay to view
channel), which entered administration in 2009. James Macleod stated, "We are
delighted with the viewing figures for the IPL so far. The ratings for ITV4s coverage
have been around seven or eight times those achieved by Setanta last year, and
we're delighted to be bringing the competition to a wider audience". Lalit Modi,
former Chairman and Commissioner of IPL, also expressed immense satisfaction on
the way IPL has been accepted by the British audience. "ITV beats Sky Sports over
the weekend in number of viewers. This is great going. The ITV numbers are double
that of rugby league. This is huge by all imaginations. UK figures for viewership on
ITV already 10 times that of last year. This is just fantastic news," he said.[41][42]
[edit] See also
List of controversies involving the Indian Premier League
[edit] References
^ "Most runs ever". Iplt20.com. http://www.iplt20.com/leader-board.php.
^ "Indian Premier League / Records / Most wickets". Cricinfo.

http://stats.cricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?
id=117;type=trophy.
^ Income Tax team visits IPL headquarter in Mumbai. in.com
^ I-T Raids at IPL Headquarter at BCCI in Mumbai, reports NDTV
^ "BCCI asks players, officials to steer clear of ICL". The Hindu. June 25, 2007.
http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/007200706250324.htm. Retrieved 23 March
2010.
^ "IPL matches to be broadcast live on Youtube". Cricinfo. January 20, 2010.

http://www.cricinfo.com/ipl2010/content/story/445173.html. Retrieved 21 January
2010.
^ "Indian Premier League brand value $4.13bn". Times of India. 22 March 2010.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/iplarticleshow/5713042.cms. Retrieved 4 June
2009.
^ "Indian Premier League". Edinburgh Middle East Report (EMER).

http://www.emerglobal.com/sport/ipl. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
^ "IPL 2nd highest-paid league, edges out EPL". Times of India. 29 March 2010.
2009.
^ Indian Premier League expels two teams in ownership row BBC Sport, published:
10 October 2010, accessed: 11 October 2010
^ IPL to have 74 matches for next three seasons, Times of India
^ The great IPL auction winners declared - News - News - Indiatimes Cricket
^ Cricinfo - Big business and Bollywood grab stakes in IPL
^ Pune and Kochi unveiled as new IPL franchises
^ Slow trading with all eyes on auction, Brief discussion of IPL rules on acquiring
players.
^ IPL lays down guidelines for replacements, Discusses IPL rules on buying
replacement players players.
^ IPL rules when trading players. Cricinfo.com
^ "IPL players' auction to be held on 20 February". Cricinfo. http://content-

ind.cricinfo.com/ipl/content/story/335706.html.
^ "Kingfisher Airlines named IPL's umpire partner". The Economic Times. 20 March
2008.
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/Transportation/Airline
s__Aviation/Kingfisher_Airlines_named_IPLs_umpire_partner/articleshow/2884409.c
ms. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ a b "Sony and World Sports Group bag IPL television rights". Cricinfo. 2008-01-14.
http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/ipl/content/current/story/330881.html. Retrieved
2008-04-12.
^ "Billion dollar rights deal for IPL". The Australian. 2008-01-15.

http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23054747-2722,00.html.
Retrieved 2008-04-12.
^ IndranilBasu (2008-01-27). "Does the IPL model make sense?". The Times of
India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-2734443,prtpage-1.cms.
^ "ITV to screen IPL in 2010". ITV. 2010-03-04.

http://www.itv.com/sport/ipl/default.html.
^ "Cricinfo - Australia to get live coverage of IPL". 2008-02-02. http://content-

aus.cricinfo.com/ipl/content/current/story/335886.html. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
^ ADD secures IPL telecast rights for Middle East and North Africa
^ IPL: Willow TV gets TV rights for the Americas: Cricket Next
^ Asian Television Network International Limited (2008-04-15). "THEY GAVE YOU

NHL & NFL Now ATN Gives You IPL" (PDF). Press release.
http://asiantelevision.com/pr/ATN-IPL%202008.pdf. Retrieved 2008-04-28.
^ "Kushal Pal Singh". Forbes.com. 03-11-09.
http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/10/billionaires-2009-richest-people_Kushal-Pal-
Singh_0UU7.html. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
^ "Five-year sponsorship agreements". The Globe and Mail. 23-03-10.

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/investing-at-fever-pitch-in-indias-cricket-
bonanza/article1508779. Retrieved 23 March 2010.
^ "Stiff clauses leave only 4 in race for IPL teams". The Economic Times.
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/Stiff-clauses-
leave-only-4-in-race-for-IPL-teams/articleshow/5648934.cms. Retrieved 9 March
2010.
^ Brand IPL touches the sky. Iplt20.com
^ IPL teams become hot commodity LiveMint article
^ Lalit Modi ambition could create problems for IPL franchises
^ IPL targets 80 licensing and merchandising deals this year
^ http://www.iplt20.com/news_detail.php?id=984&category=news
^ DCI Mobile studios and; Sigma Ventures acquire global mobile Applications rights
for IPL T20
^ "Live Current Media Inc. and DLF Indian Premier League To Launch IPLT20.com as
Official IPL Online Destination". livecurrent.com. 18 April 2008.
http://www.livecurrent.com/live-current-media-inc.-and-368.html.
^ "All about the Indian Premier League (IPL)". NDTV. 2009-02-05.

http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtvcricket/showstory.aspx?
id=SPOEN20090082651. Retrieved 2009-08-13.
^ About 24 Million Watched IPL Final
^ IPL devours British TV ratings
^ Record ratings for IPL in the UK. Iplt20.com
[edit] External links
IPL Official Website
IPL channel at YouTube
[show]
v•d•e
Seasons 2008 · 2009 · 2010 · 2011
Chennai Super Kings · Deccan Chargers · Delhi Daredevils ·

Participating Kings XI Punjab · Kolkata Knight Riders · Mumbai Indians ·
teams Rajasthan Royals · Royal Challengers Bangalore · Sahara
Pune Warriors · Kochi IPL Team
IPL Venues 2008 · 2009 · 2010
Team records · Series records · Batting records · Bowling

Statistics and
records · Wicketkeeping & fielding records · Partnership
Records
records · Miscellaneous records
Controversies · Fake IPL Player · Franchise earnings · Icon

Related topics
player
[show]
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Logo of the Indian Premier League

Countries
India
Administrator BCCI
Headquarter Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Format Twenty20
First 2008
tournament
Last 2010
tournament
Tournament Double round-robin and
format Knockout
Number of 8
teams
Current
champion Chennai Super Kings
Most successful
Rajasthan Royals,
Deccan Chargers and
Chennai Super Kings (1

title each)
Qualification Twenty20 Champions League
Most runs
Suresh Raina (1375)[1]
Most wickets
R. P. Singh (51)[2]
Website IPLT20.com
v•d•e
The Indian Premier League (often abbreviated as IPL), is a domestic professional
Twenty20 cricket competition in India. It was initiated by the Board of Control for
Cricket in India (BCCI) headquartered in Mumbai[3][4] and supervised by BCCI Vice
President Chirayu Amin, chairman & commissioner for IPL, and CEO, Sundar Raman.
It presently includes 10 teams (franchises) consisting of players from different
countries. It was started after an altercation between the BCCI and the Indian
Cricket League.[5]
In 2010, IPL became the first sporting event ever to be broadcast live on the popular
video sharing website YouTube.[6] Its brand value was estimated to be around
$4.13 billion (over 18,000 crore (US$ 4.09 billion)) the same year.[7][8] According
to global sports salaries review, IPL is the second highest-paid league, based on
first-team salaries on a pro rata basis, second only to the NBA. It is estimated that
the average salary of an IPL player over a year would be £2.5 million.[9]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 First season
1.2 Second season
1.3 Third season
1.4 Fourth season
2 League organization
2.1 Franchises
2.2 Rules
3 Statistics and records
3.1 Winners
3.2 Performance of teams
3.3 Player signings
4 Television rights and
sponsorships
4.1 Television rights
4.2 Sponsorships
4.3 Revenue and Profits
4.4 Mobile applications
4.5 Official website
5 Global following
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
[edit] History
[edit] First season
A Chennai vs Kolkata match in progress at the M.A. Chidambaram Cricket Stadium

The inaugural season of the tournament started on 18 April 2008 and lasted for 46
days with 59 matches scheduled, out of which 58 took place and 1 was washed out
due to rain. The final was played in DY Patil Stadium, Nerul, Navi Mumbai. Every
team played each other both at home and away in a round robin system. The top
four ranking sides progressed to the knockout stage of semi-finals followed by a
final. Rajasthan Royals defeated Chennai Super Kings in a last ball thriller and
emerged as the inaugural IPL champions.
[edit] Second season
The 2009 season coincided with the general elections in India. Owing to concerns
regarding players' security, the venue was shifted to South Africa. The format of the
tournament remained same as the inaugural one. Deccan Chargers, who finished
last in the first season, came out as eventual winners defeating the Royal
Challengers Bangalore in the final.
[edit] Third season
The third season opened in January 2010 with the auction for players. 66 players
were on offer but only 11 players were sold. In this season, Deccan Chargers did not
play at their preferred home location of Hyderabad, India due to the ongoing
political crisis in the Telangana region . The new bases for the champions this
season were Nagpur, Navi Mumbai and Cuttack. Four teams qualified for the semi-
finals. The first semi-final was won by Mumbai Indians who defeated Bangalore
Royal Challengers by 35 runs. Chennai Super Kings defeated Deccan Chargers in
the second semi-final. The final was played between Chennai Super Kings and
Mumbai Indians. Chennai Super Kings won by a margin of 22 runs.
[edit] Fourth season
On 21 March 2010, it was announced at Chennai that 2 new teams from Pune and
Kochi will be added to the IPL for the coming season. However, the bid around the
Kochi franchisee turned controversial resulting in the resignation of minister, Shashi
Tharoor from the Central Government and investigations by various departments of
the Government of India into the financial dealings of IPL and the other existing
franchisees. Later, Lalit Modi was also removed from IPL chairmanship by BCCI.
In October 2010, the Rajasthan Royals and Kings XI Punjab had their franchises
terminated for breaching ownership rules. The new Kochi franchise was also issued
a warning to resolve all their ownership disputes.[10]
The addition of teams representing Pune and Kochi was to have increased the
number of franchises from 8 to 10. The BCCI originally considered extending the
tournament format used in previous season to ten teams, which would increase the
number of matches from 60 to 94. Instead, the round-robin stage of the tournament
was to have been replaced by a group stage with two groups of five, limiting the
number of matches to 74.[11] However, with the expulsion of the Rajasthan royals
and Kings XI Punjab teams, the format of the fourth season of the IPL remains in
flux.
[edit] League organization
[edit] Franchises
The winning bidders for the eight franchises were announced on 24 January 2008.
[12] While the total base price for auction was US $400 million, the auction fetched
US $723.59 million.[13]
On 21 March 2010, Pune and Kochi were unveiled as the two new franchises for the
fourth edition of the Indian Premier League. The base price was $225 million. While
Pune was bought by Sahara Adventure Sports Group for $370 million, the Kochi
franchise was bought by Rendezvous Sports World Limited for $333.3 million. The
process was to have been completed on March 7 but was postponed by two weeks
after many bidders and the BCCI objected to stiff financial clauses.[14] The second
franchise auction fetched total $703 million.
Price Price
Captain
(USD) (Rupees) Location Map
Franchise Owner(s)
Mukesh 445
Ambani Sachin $ crore
Mumbai (Owner of Tendulk 112.9 (US$ 10
Indians Reliance ar m 1.02
Industries) million)
Vijay Anil $
440
Royal Mallya (UB Kumble 111.6
crore
Challengers Group) m
(US$ 99.
Bangalore
88
million)
Deccan Adam $
422
Deccan C Chronicle Gilchrist 107.0
crore
hargers (Gayatri m
(US$ 95.
Reddy)
79
million)
India Mahend $
359
Chennai Cements ra Singh 91.90 Deccan Chargers
crore
Super Kings (N.Sriniva Dhoni m
(US$ 81.
san)
49 Kolkata Knight Riders
million)
GMR Gautam $ Delhi Daredevils
331
Delhi Group Gambhi 84.0
crore
Daredevils r m
(US$ 75. Rajasthan Royals
14
million) Mumbai Indians
Ness Kumar $
300
Kings XI Wadia, Sangak 76.0 Kings XI Punjab
crore
Punjab Preity kara m
(US$ 68.
(Defunct) Zinta,
1 Royal Challengers Bangalore
Mohit
million)
Burman ,
Gaurav Chennai Super Kings
Burman
(Dabur), Pune Warriors*
Karan Paul
(Apeejay City Hunters*
Surendera IPL Franchises (* - Starting 2011)
Group),
Aditya and
Arvind
Khanna
Red Sourav $
296
Kolkata Chillies Ganguly 75.1
crore
Knight Entertain m
(US$ 67.
Riders ment
19
(Shahrukh
million)
Khan,
Gauri
Khan, Juhi
Chawla
and Jai
Mehta)
Emerging Shane $
264
Rajastha Media Warne 67.0
crore
n Royals (Lachlan m
(US$ 59.
(Defunct) Murdoch,
93
A.R Jha
million)
and co.),
Shilpa
Shetty,
Raj
Kundra,
Suresh
and Kavita
Chellaram
Pune Sahara - $
1,702
Warriors 370.0
crore
m
(US$ 38
6.35
million)
Kochi Rendezvo - $
1,572
(Stillborn) us Sports 333.0
crore
Limited m
(US$ 35
6.84
million)
[edit] Rules
There are five ways that a franchise can acquire a player. In the annual auction,
buying domestic players, signing uncapped players, through trading and buying
replacements.[15][16] In the trading window the player can only be traded with his
consent. The franchise will have to pay the difference between the old contract
price and the new contract price. If the new contract is worth more than the older
one then the difference will be shared between the player and the franchise selling
the player.[17]
Some of the Team composition rules are:
Minimum squad strength of 16 players plus one physio and a coach.
No more than 8 foreign players in the squad and at most 4 in the playing XI.For the
2009 edition franchises are allowed 10 foreign players in the squad. The number
allowed in the playing XI remains unchanged at 4.
As this is domestic cricket so minimum of 8 local players must be included in each

squad.
A minimum of 2 players from the BCCI under-22 pool in each squad.
Some of the differences to international Twenty20 cricket:
A difference to international cricket is a timeout. It gives the players an opportunity

to strategise and take a drink during the strict 2 minutes, 30 seconds time limit.
Each team is awarded two timeouts per innings totalling to four timeouts for the
whole game. The teams can take the timeout when instructed, but is necessary to
take it at the end of 9th and 16th over.
IPL is also known for having commercials during the game, hence there is no time
limit for teams to complete their innings. However, there may be a penalty if the
umpires find teams misusing this privilege at their own choice.
The total spending cap for a franchisee in the first player auction was US $5 million.
Under-22 players are to be remunerated with a minimum annual salary of US
$20,000 while for others it is US $50,000. The most expensive players in the IPL to
date are Andrew Flintoff and Kevin Pietersen at US $1.55 million each.
[edit] Statistics and records
Main article: List of statistics and records of Indian Premier League
[edit] Winners
Team
Season Winners Runners-up
s
2008 8
Rajasthan Royals Chennai Super Kings
2009 8
Deccan Chargers Royal Challengers Bangalore
2010 8
Chennai Super Kings Mumbai Indians
[edit] Performance of teams
No
Span Title Matche Won Los Win For Against Worst
Result
Team Best
s s t % (r/o) (r/o)
2008 4,752
4,475 / Champio Semi-
Chennai - 1 47 26 20 1 56.38 /
569.1 ns finals
Super Kings 2010 574.4
2008 4,637
Deccan - 1 46 19 27 0 41.29 /
582.4 ns 8
Chargers 2010 580.2
2008 4,219
Delhi - 0 44 24 19 1 54.56 /
547.0 finals 8
Daredevils 2010 524.5
2008 4,251
Kings XI - 0 43 21 22 0 48.83 /
529.1 finals 8
Punjab 2010 531.1
2008 0 42 16 24 2 39.74 3,602 3,585 / 6th of 8 8th of
Kolkata - / 459.3 8
Knight Riders 2010 491.3
2008 3,977
3,898 / Runners- 7th of
Mumbai - 0 44 23 20 1 52.28 /
523.1 up 8
Indians 2010 505.3
2008 4,289
Rajasthan - 1 44 25 18 1 55.81 /
564.2 ns 8
Royals 2010 554.2
2008 4,263
Royal 4,521 / Runners- 7th of
- 0 46 21 25 0 45.65 /
Challengers 574.5 up 8
2010 587.3
Bangalore
[edit] Player signings
Main articles: 2008 Indian Premier League#Player auctions, 2009 Indian Premier
League#Pre-season trades and signings, and 2010 IPL Player Auction
The first players' auctions were held on 2008. The IPL placed icon status on a select
few marquee Indian players. These players were Rahul Dravid, Sachin Tendulkar,
Saurav Ganguly, Yuvraj Singh, and Virender Sehwag. VVS Laxman initially named an
icon player, later voluntarily opted out of his icon status to give his team (Deccan
Chargers) more money to bid for players.[18] For the second season, auctions were
also held, but free signings taking place in the off-season by franchises led to calls
for a draft-like system where the lowest ranked teams would be given a first
opportunity to sign players.
[edit] Television rights and sponsorships
The IPL is predicted to bring the BCCI income of approximately US$1.6 billion, over
a period of five to ten years. All of these revenues are directed to a central pool,
40% of which will go to IPL itself, 54% to franchisees and 6% as prize money. The
money will be distributed in these proportions until 2017, after which the share of
IPL will be 50%, franchisees 45% and prize money 5%. The IPL signed up Kingfisher
Airlines as the official umpire partner for the series in a 106 crore (US$ 24.06
million) (approximately £15 million) deal. This deal sees the Kingfisher Airlines
brand on all umpires' uniforms and also on the giant screens during third umpire
decisions.[19]
[edit] Television rights
On 15 January 2008 it was announced that a consortium consisting of India's Sony

Entertainment Television network and Singapore-based World Sport Group secured
the global broadcasting rights of the Indian Premier League.[20] The record deal
has a duration of ten years at a cost of US $1.026 billion. As part of the deal, the
consortium will pay the BCCI US $918 million for the television broadcast rights and
US $108 million for the promotion of the tournament.[21] This deal was challenged
in the Bombay High Court by IPL, and got the ruling on its side. After losing the
battle in court, Sony Entertainment Television signed a new contract with BCCI with
Sony Entertainment Television paying 8,700 crore (US$ 1.97 billion) for 10 years.
One of the reasons for payment of this huge amount is seen as the money required
to subsidize IPL's move to South Africa which will be substantially more than the
previous IPL. IPL had agreed to subsidize the difference in operating cost between
India and South Africa as it decided to move to the African nation after the security
concerns raised because of its coincidence with India's general elections.
20% of these proceeds would go to IPL, 8% as prize money and 72% would be
distributed to the franchisees. The money would be distributed in these proportions
until 2012, after which the IPL would go public and list its shares (But recently in
March 2010, IPL decided not to go public).[22]
Sony-WSG then re-sold parts of the broadcasting rights geographically to other

companies. Below is a summary of the broadcasting rights around the world.
On 4 March 2010 ITV announced it had secured the United Kingdom television rights
for the 2010 Indian Premier League. ITV will televise 59 of the 60 IPL matches on its
ITV4 free to air channel.[23]
Winning Bidder Regional Broadcast Rights Terms of Deal

10 years at
Sony/World 8,700 crore
Sport Group India (US$ 1.97
billion) (revised)
[20]
5 years at AUD
ONE HD Australia: Free-to-air HD and SD television. 10-15 Million.
Owned by Network TEN. [24]
Sky Network Terms not
Television New Zealand released
2 years, terms
PCCW Hong Kong: Broadcast on Now Sports. not released.
Terms not
StarHub Singapore: Broadcast on Cricket Extra. released
Terms not
Astro Malaysia: Broadcast Astro Box Office Sport. released
Central Africa
Terms not
SuperSport
released
South Africa Niger
Arab Digital 10 Years, terms
Distribution United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Iraq, not released.
[25]
Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman,
Qatar, Palestine, Saudi Arabia,
Syria, Turkey, Algeria, Morocco,
Tunisia, Egypt, Sudan, Libya,

Nigeria
Broadcast rights on ADD's CricOne
Terms not
GEO Super Pakistan released
Rights to distribute on television, radio, 5 years, terms
Willow TV broadband and Internet, for the IPL in North not released.
America. [26]
DirecTV United States: Exclusive broadcast rights on Terms not

CricketTicket. released
5 years, terms
Asian Television Canada: Aired on Pay-per-view channel. not released.
Network Aired on XM Radio's ATN-Asian Radio as well. [27]
Terms not
SportsMax Caribbean released
Terms not
ITV United Kingdom: Broadcast on ITV4. released
[edit] Sponsorships
India's biggest property developer DLF Group paid US$50 million to be the title
sponsor of the tournament for 5 years from 2008 to 2013.[28]
Other five-year sponsorship agreements include a deal with motorcycle maker Hero
Honda worth $22.5-million, one with PepsiCo worth $12.5-million, and a deal with
beer and airline conglomerate Kingfisher at $26.5-million.[29]
[edit] Revenue and Profits
The UK-based brand consultancy, Brand Finance, has valued the IPL at 18,500
crore (US$ 4.2 billion) in 2010.[30] It was valued at U$2.01 billion in 2009 by the
same consultancy.[31]
There are disputed figures for the profitability of the teams. One analyst said that
four teams out of the eight made a profit in 2009.[32] While the London Times said
that all but Kings XI Punjab made a profit.[33]
In 2010, the IPL expects to have 80 official merchandising deals. It has signed a
deal with Swiss watchmaker Bandelier to make official watches for the IPL.[34]
According to a recent study by a UK-based brand valuation consultancy, the brand
value of the IPL has more than doubled to USD 4.13 billion (over 18 crore (US$ 4.09
million)) from USD 2.01 billion in 2009.[35]
The franchises have been a part of this growth. Chennai Super Kings, who were
ranked fourth last year, has emerged the most valued franchise in 2010. The CSK
franchise has moved up the ladder to number one with a valuation of USD 48.4
million. The Kolkata Knight Riders co-owned by Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan
comes in second with a valuation of USD 46 million and the Rajasthan Royals, co-
owned by Bollywood actress Shilpa Shetty comes in third with USD 45.2 million. The
Royal Challengers Bangalore, owned by Vijay Mallya, is ranked fourth with a
valuation of USD 41.9 million and is followed by the Mumbai Indians (USD 40.8
million), Delhi Daredevils (USD 40.5 million) and Kings XI Punjab ( USD 36.1 million).
The Deccan Chargers are at the base with a valuation of USD 34.4 million.[36]
Ran Brand
Franchise
k Value
1 $ 48.4 m
Chennai Super Kings
2 $ 46 m
Kolkata Knight Riders
3 $ 45.2 m
Rajasthan Royals
4 Royal Challengers $ 41.9 m

Bangalore
5 $ 40.8 m
Mumbai Indians
6 $ 40.5 m
Delhi Daredevils
7 $ 36.1 m
Kings XI Punjab
8 $ 34.4 m
Deccan Chargers
[edit] Mobile applications
DCI Mobile Studios (A division of Dot Com Infoway Limited), in conjunction with
Sigma Ventures of Singapore, have jointly acquired the rights to be the exclusive
Mobile Application partner and rights holder for the Indian Premier League cricket
matches worldwide for the next 8 years (including the 2017 season). Recently, they
have released the IPL T20 Mobile applications for iPhone, Nokia Smartphones and
Blackberry devices. Soon it will be made available across all other major Mobile
platforms including the Android, Windows Mobile, Palm & others.[37]
[edit] Official website

material may be challenged and removed. (April 2010)
The IPL negotiated a contract with the Canadian company Live Current Media Inc. to
run and operate its portals and the minimum guarantee has been negotiated at US
$50 million over the next 10 years.[38] The official website of the tournament is
www.iplt20.com.
Incorporating popular forms of social media into the third season of the IPL, the
website now contains a more holistic presence across all online mediums. The
website apart from featuring new additions to empower user interaction, has
encouraged a wider range of websites around IPL like IPL Tracker [1] and IPL Mag
[2] amongst other more traditional reporting websites.
[edit] Global following

material may be challenged and removed. (March 2010)
In India, the IPL has become one of the most popular events of the year[39]. In the
first season, games were played every night (including weekdays) during Indian
prime-time and were broadcast live. The IPL was the most watched TV program in
India.
IPL drew positive reactions from the rest of the world also. In Pakistan, the reception
was described as "massive". The matches were telecast live in GEO Super. The
matches also generated interest in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, despite only one
Bangladeshi player being involved. The following in the subcontinental nations was
aided by the prime time telecast of the matches as they belong to adjacent time
zones.
The IPL became a big hit in South Africa due to a large composition of South Asians
in their population.Another reason for the success is that the second edition of IPL
was hosted at South Africa drawing massive crowds from the country as well as the
other countries in the subcontinent.
The IPL did not garner much interest in Australia and New Zealand due to time
differences. However, in recent times the IPL has gained a much larger fan-base in
these two countries.
Snap polls indicated that more than 48 million people watched the telecast of the
IPL 2008 final between Rajasthan Royals and Chennai Super Kings, more than 40
million people saw the Rajasthan Royals vs Delhi Daredevils match, whereas the
second semi-final between Chennai Super Kings and Kings XI Punjab attracted an
audience of 29 million.[40]
The third season of IPL saw interest rise dramatically in the United Kingdom. This
was, in part, due to TV coverage switching to free to view channel ITV4. Previous
editions of IPL were aired on the now defunct channel Setanta (pay to view
channel), which entered administration in 2009. James Macleod stated, "We are
delighted with the viewing figures for the IPL so far. The ratings for ITV4s coverage
have been around seven or eight times those achieved by Setanta last year, and
we're delighted to be bringing the competition to a wider audience". Lalit Modi,
former Chairman and Commissioner of IPL, also expressed immense satisfaction on
the way IPL has been accepted by the British audience. "ITV beats Sky Sports over
the weekend in number of viewers. This is great going. The ITV numbers are double
that of rugby league. This is huge by all imaginations. UK figures for viewership on
ITV already 10 times that of last year. This is just fantastic news," he said.[41][42]
[edit] See also
List of controversies involving the Indian Premier League
[edit] References
^ "Most runs ever". Iplt20.com. http://www.iplt20.com/leader-board.php.
^ "Indian Premier League / Records / Most wickets". Cricinfo.

http://stats.cricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?
id=117;type=trophy.
^ Income Tax team visits IPL headquarter in Mumbai. in.com
^ I-T Raids at IPL Headquarter at BCCI in Mumbai, reports NDTV
^ "BCCI asks players, officials to steer clear of ICL". The Hindu. June 25, 2007.
http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/007200706250324.htm. Retrieved 23 March
2010.
^ "IPL matches to be broadcast live on Youtube". Cricinfo. January 20, 2010.

http://www.cricinfo.com/ipl2010/content/story/445173.html. Retrieved 21 January
2010.
^ "Indian Premier League brand value $4.13bn". Times of India. 22 March 2010.
2009.
^ "Indian Premier League". Edinburgh Middle East Report (EMER).

http://www.emerglobal.com/sport/ipl. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
^ "IPL 2nd highest-paid league, edges out EPL". Times of India. 29 March 2010.
2009.
^ Indian Premier League expels two teams in ownership row BBC Sport, published:
10 October 2010, accessed: 11 October 2010
^ IPL to have 74 matches for next three seasons, Times of India
^ The great IPL auction winners declared - News - News - Indiatimes Cricket
^ Cricinfo - Big business and Bollywood grab stakes in IPL
^ Pune and Kochi unveiled as new IPL franchises
^ Slow trading with all eyes on auction, Brief discussion of IPL rules on acquiring
players.
^ IPL lays down guidelines for replacements, Discusses IPL rules on buying
replacement players players.
^ IPL rules when trading players. Cricinfo.com
^ "IPL players' auction to be held on 20 February". Cricinfo. http://content-

ind.cricinfo.com/ipl/content/story/335706.html.
^ "Kingfisher Airlines named IPL's umpire partner". The Economic Times. 20 March
2008.
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/Transportation/Airline
s__Aviation/Kingfisher_Airlines_named_IPLs_umpire_partner/articleshow/2884409.c
ms. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ a b "Sony and World Sports Group bag IPL television rights". Cricinfo. 2008-01-14.
http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/ipl/content/current/story/330881.html. Retrieved
2008-04-12.
^ "Billion dollar rights deal for IPL". The Australian. 2008-01-15.

http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23054747-2722,00.html.
^ IndranilBasu (2008-01-27). "Does the IPL model make sense?". The Times of
India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-2734443,prtpage-1.cms.
^ "ITV to screen IPL in 2010". ITV. 2010-03-04.

http://www.itv.com/sport/ipl/default.html.
^ "Cricinfo - Australia to get live coverage of IPL". 2008-02-02. http://content-

aus.cricinfo.com/ipl/content/current/story/335886.html. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
^ ADD secures IPL telecast rights for Middle East and North Africa
^ IPL: Willow TV gets TV rights for the Americas: Cricket Next
^ Asian Television Network International Limited (2008-04-15). "THEY GAVE YOU

NHL & NFL Now ATN Gives You IPL" (PDF). Press release.
http://asiantelevision.com/pr/ATN-IPL%202008.pdf. Retrieved 2008-04-28.
^ "Kushal Pal Singh". Forbes.com. 03-11-09.

http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/10/billionaires-2009-richest-people_Kushal-Pal-
Singh_0UU7.html. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
^ "Five-year sponsorship agreements". The Globe and Mail. 23-03-10.

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/investing-at-fever-pitch-in-indias-cricket-
bonanza/article1508779. Retrieved 23 March 2010.
^ "Stiff clauses leave only 4 in race for IPL teams". The Economic Times.
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/Stiff-clauses-
leave-only-4-in-race-for-IPL-teams/articleshow/5648934.cms. Retrieved 9 March
2010.
^ Brand IPL touches the sky. Iplt20.com
^ IPL teams become hot commodity LiveMint article
^ Lalit Modi ambition could create problems for IPL franchises
^ IPL targets 80 licensing and merchandising deals this year
^ DCI Mobile studios and; Sigma Ventures acquire global mobile Applications rights
for IPL T20
^ "Live Current Media Inc. and DLF Indian Premier League To Launch IPLT20.com as
Official IPL Online Destination". livecurrent.com. 18 April 2008.
http://www.livecurrent.com/live-current-media-inc.-and-368.html.
^ "All about the Indian Premier League (IPL)". NDTV. 2009-02-05.

http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtvcricket/showstory.aspx?
id=SPOEN20090082651. Retrieved 2009-08-13.
^ About 24 Million Watched IPL Final
^ IPL devours British TV ratings
^ Record ratings for IPL in the UK. Iplt20.com

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Cadbury
Cadbury may refer to:
Contents
[hide]
• 1 Businesses
• 2 People
• 3 Places
• 4 Other
[edit] Businesses
• Cadbury plc, British-based confectionery manufacturer
○ Cadbury UK, the company's UK subsidiary
○ Cadbury Ireland, the company's Irish subsidiary
○ Cadbury Adams, the company's North American subsidiary
[edit] People
• Cadbury family
• Richard Tapper Cadbury (1768–1860)
• John Cadbury (1801–1889), family patriarch, founder of Cadbury plc
○ Richard Cadbury (1835–1899), manufacturer and philanthropist
○ George Cadbury (1839–1922), younger brother, developed the firm and perfected
the recipe for Dairy Milk
 Egbert Cadbury (1893–1967), First World War flying ace and later
managing director of the family firm
 Peter Cadbury (1918–2006), an entrepreneur who made his own
career outside the family firm
 (George) Adrian Cadbury (b. 1929), businessman and
commentator on corporate governance
 Dominic Cadbury (b. 1940), businessman and Chancellor of the
University of Birmingham
 Joel Cadbury (b. 1971), entrepreneur
[edit] Places
• Cadbury, Devon, England
• North Cadbury, Somerset, England
• South Cadbury, Somerset, England
• Cadbury Camp, North Somerset, England
• Cadbury Castle, Somerset, England
• Cadbury Castle, Devon, England
• Cadbury Hill, Somerset, England
[edit] Other
• GWR 4073 Class 7028 Cadbury Castle, Great Western Railway locomotive
• Cadbury Report, British report on corporate governance
• Cadbury, fictional character from the Richie Rich comics series
• "Cadbury, The Beaver who Lacked", a short story by Philip K. Dick
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Cadbury Gems adds color to Pandas
Cadbury Gems goes live with its interesting and humorous new TVC
In the last four decades, Cadbury Gems, the much loved coated
chocolate brand has become synonymous with fun, joy and
unquestionably colors. This week colored chocolate buttons-
Cadbury Gems went live with its distinct, new TVC starring Pandas
in the leading role!
Unrivalled in all these years, Gems hold a special position in the
consumer's mind. A willing accomplice to most pranks, Cadbury
Gems has always had Masti as the key proposition in all its
communication. The new TVC further builds on this thought, using a
refreshing new perspective.
The new campaign of Cadbury Gems is based on research that

pointed out an interesting insight on children’s perception of colors.
As kids grow older, they associate colors with emotions. Color being
Gems' closely held USP, the decision was taken to leverage this
aspect and position the colors of Gems as the element that
introduces fun and masti in an otherwise mundane life. The lovable
pandas with their quintessential black and white coloring therefore
became the perfect protagonists to add color to!
Commenting on the campaign, Sanjay Purohit, Executive Director –

Marketing, Cadbury said, “The new Gems campaign seeks to marry
a consumer insight with the product USP in a fun & humorous
manner. The TVC will play a momentous role in enhancing the brand
connect with both brand loyalists and inquisitive potential
customers.”
Ogilvy & Mather Advertising has created the TV commercial. The

TVC opens with a wildlife expert trying to unearth the mystery behind
the multi-colored Panda. While the TVC has been shot from a very
realistic, documentary-like perspective, a humorous and very Indian
narration adds an extra dose of fun and energy. Many improbable
reasons are explored for the multiple fun colors on the panda, before
the narrator finally discovers the mystery potion- Cadbury Gems.
Cadbury Gems thus adds colors of fun, merriment, joy and cheer to
the life of these Pandas.
This unique treatment has been chosen with the intent of increasing
the brand appeal amongst elder kids by attributing an identifiable role
to the colors of Cadbury Gems.
ACCES
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Cadbury India is a fully owned subsidy of Kraft Foods Inc. The

combination of Kraft Foods and Cadbury creates a global
powerhouse in snacks, confectionery and quick meals.
With annual revenues of approximately $50 billion, the combined

company is the world's second largest food company, making
delicious products for billions of consumers in more than 160
countries. We employ approximately 140,000 people and have
operations in more than 70 countries.
In India, Cadbury began its operations in 1948 by importing

chocolates. After 60 years of existence, it today has five company-
owned manufacturing facilities at Thane, Induri (Pune) and Malanpur
(Gwalior), Bangalore and Baddi (Himachal Pradesh) and 4 sales
offices (New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkota and Chennai). The corporate
office is in Mumbai.
Our core purpose "make today delicious" captures the spirit of what
we are trying to achieve as a business. We make delicious foods you
can feel good about. Whether watching your weight or preparing to
celebrate, grabbing a quick bite or sitting down to family night, we
pour our hearts into creating foods that are wholesome and delicious.
Currently, Cadbury India operates in four categories viz. Chocolate

Confectionery, Milk Food Drinks, Candy and Gum category. In the
Chocolate Confectionery business, Cadbury has maintained its
Vodafone
Vodafone Group plc
Public limited company

Type
(LSE: VOD, NASDAQ: VOD)
Industry Telecommunications
1983 (1983)–1991 (1991)
Predecessor
Racal Telecom
Founded 1984 (1984)
Headquarters Newbury, United Kingdom
Area served Worldwide
Sir John Bond (Chairman)
Vittorio Colao (CEO)
Key people John Buchanan (Deputy
Chairman)
Andy Halford (CFO)
Services Telecommunications
Revenue £44.47 billion (2010)[1]
Operating
income £9.480 billion (2010)[1]
Profit £8.645 billion (2010)[1]

Total assets £156.98 billion (2010)[1]
Total equity £90.38 billion (2010)[1]
Employees 79,000 (March - 2009)[1]
List[show]
Vodafone Albania
Vodafone Australia
Vodafone Czech Republic
Vodafone Egypt
Vodafone Faroe Islands
Vodafone Germany
Vodafone Ghana
Vodafone Greece
Vodafone Hungary
Vodafone Iceland
Vodafone Essar (India)
Subsidiaries
Vodafone Ireland
Vodafone Italy
Vodafone Malta
Vodafone Netherlands
Vodafone New Zealand
Vodafone Portugal
Vodafone Romania
Vodafone Spain
Vodafone Sweden
Vodafone Turkey
Vodafone Qatar
Vodafone United Kingdom
Website Vodafone.com
Vodafone's original logo, used until the introduction of the speechmark logo in 1997
Vodafone Group plc (LSE: VOD, NASDAQ: VOD) is a global telecommunications

company headquartered in Newbury, United Kingdom. It is the world's largest
mobile telecommunications company measured by revenues and the world's
second-largest measured by subscribers (behind China Mobile), with around 332
million proportionate subscribers as at 30 September 2010.[2][3] It operates
networks in over 30 countries and has partner networks in over 40 additional
countries.[4] It owns 45% of Verizon Wireless, the largest mobile
telecommunications company in the United States measured by subscribers.[5][6]
The name Vodafone comes from voice data fone, chosen by the company to "reflect
the provision of voice and data services over mobile phones".[7][non-primary
source needed]
Its primary listing is on the London Stock Exchange and it is a constituent of the
FTSE 100 Index. It had a market capitalisation of approximately £92 billion as of
November 2010, making it the third largest company on the London Stock
Exchange.[8] It has a secondary listing on NASDAQ.
Contents
[hide]
1 Vodafone Group
2 Europe
3 Asia-Pacific
4 Africa and the Middle
East
5 The Americas
6 Mobile Money Transfer
Service
7 Chief Executives
8 Financial results
9 Criticisms
10 Products
11 Corporate sponsorship
12 See also
13 References
14 External links
[edit] Vodafone Group
Newbury: New Vodafone Headquarters. This HQ is situated in the north western
section of the grid square and the picture was taken from the west side of the
building. Most of this square is residential with some farmland and some
commercial activity.
In 1980, Sir Ernest Harrison OBE, chairman of Racal Electronics plc's, the UK's
largest maker of military radio technology, agreed a deal with Lord Weinstock of
General Electric Company plc to allow Racal to access some of GEC's tactical
battlefield radio technology. Briefing the head of Racal's military radio division Gerry
Whent to drive the company into commercial mobile radio, Whent visited GE's
factory in Virginia, USA in 1980.[9]
In 1982, Racal's newly formed subsidiary Racal Strategic Radio Ltd under CEO
Whent, won one of two UK cellular telephone network licences; the other going to
British Telecom[10][11] The network, known as Racal Vodafone was 80% owned by
Racal, Millicom with 15% and Hambros Technology Trust 5% respectively. Vodafone
was launched on 1 January 1985.[12] Racal Strategic Radio was renamed Racal
Telecommunications Group Limited in 1985.[11] On 29 December 1986, Racal
Electronics bought out the minority shareholders of Vodafone for GB£110 million.
[13]
Under stock market pressure to realise full value for shareholders (the mobile unit
was being valued at the same amount as the whole Racal group), in September
1988, the company was again renamed Racal Telecom, and on 26 October 1988,
Racal Electronics floated 20% of the company. The flotation valued Racal Telecom
at GB£1.7 billion.[14] On 16 September 1991, Racal Telecom was demerged from
Racal Electronics as Vodafone Group.[15]
In July 1996, Vodafone acquired the two thirds of Talkland it did not already own for
£30.6 million.[16] On 19 November 1996, in a defensive move, Vodafone purchased
Peoples Phone for £77 million, a 181 store chain whose customers were
overwhelmingly using Vodafone's network.[17] In a similar move the company
acquired the 80% of Astec Communications that it did not own, a service provider
with 21 stores.[18]
In 1997, Vodafone introduced its Speechmark logo, as it is a quotation mark in a

circle; the O's in the Vodafone logotype are opening and closing quotation marks,
suggesting conversation.
On 29 June 1999, Vodafone completed its purchase of AirTouch Communications,

Inc. and changed its name to Vodafone Airtouch plc. Trading of the new company
commenced on 30 June 1999.[19] To approve the merger, Vodafone sold its 17.2%
stake in E-Plus Mobilfunk.[20] The acquisition gave Vodafone a 35% share of
Mannesmann, owner of the largest German mobile network.
On 21 September 1999, Vodafone agreed to merge its U.S. wireless assets with
those of Bell Atlantic Corp to form Verizon Wireless.[21] The merger was completed
on 4 April 2000.
In November 1999, Vodafone made an unsolicited bid for Mannesmann, which was
rejected. Vodafone's interest in Mannesmann had been increased by the latter
purchase of Orange, the UK mobile operator.[22] Chris Gent would later say
Mannesmann's move into the UK broke a "gentleman's agreement" not to compete
in each other's home territory.[23] The hostile takeover provoked strong protest in
Germany, and a "titanic struggle" which saw Mannesmann resist Vodafone's efforts.
However, on 3 February 2000, the Mannesmann board agreed to an increased offer
of £112bn, then the largest corporate merger ever.[23] The EU approved the
merger in April 2000. The conglomerate was subsequently broken up and all
manufacturing related operations sold off.
On 28 July 2000, the Company reverted to its former name, Vodafone Group plc. In
April 2001, the first 3G voice call was made on Vodafone United Kingdom's 3G
network.
Vodafone in Iaşi, Romania

A map showing Vodafone Global Enterprise' footprint. Vodafone Operating
Countries Vodafone's partners and affiliates
In 2001, the Company acquired Eircell, the largest wireless communications

company in the Republic of Ireland, from eircom. Eircell was subsequently
rebranded as Vodafone Ireland. Vodafone then went on to acquire Japan's third-
largest mobile operator J-Phone, which had introduced camera phones first in Japan.
On 17 December 2001, Vodafone introduced the concept of "Partner Networks", by

signing TDC Mobil of Denmark. The new concept involved the introduction of
Vodafone international services to the local market, without the need of investment
by Vodafone. The concept would be used to extend the Vodafone brand and
services into markets where it does not have stakes in local operators. Vodafone
services would be marketed under the dual-brand scheme, where the Vodafone
brand is added at the end of the local brand. (i.e., TDC Mobil-Vodafone etc.)
[edit] Europe
Networks in Europe
Majority- Minority-
No Ownership
owned owned
Albania France Austria Belgium
Czech Channel
Poland Bulgaria
Republic Islands
Germany Croatia Cyprus
Greece Denmark Estonia
Faroe
Hungary Finland
Islands
Ireland Iceland Latvia
Italy Lithuania Luxembourg
Rep. of
Malta Norway
Macedonia
Netherlands Russia Serbia
Northern
Slovenia Sweden
Cyprus
Portugal Switzerland Ukraine
Romania
Spain
Turkey
UK
In February 2002, Finland was added into the mobile community, as Radiolinja is
signed as a Partner Network. Radiolinja later changed its named to Elisa. Later that
year, the Company rebranded Japan's J-sky mobile internet service as Vodafone
live!, and on 3 December 2002, the Vodafone brand was introduced in the Estonian
market with signing of a Partner Network Agreement with Radiolinja (Eesti).
Radiolinja (Eesti) later changed its name to Elisa.
On 7 January 2003, the Company signed a group-wide Partner agreement with

mobilkom Austria. As a result, Austria, Croatia, and Slovenia were added to the
community. In April 2003, Og Vodafone was introduced in the Icelandic market, and
in May 2003, Omnitel (Omnitel Pronto-Italia) was rebranded Vodafone Italy. On 21
July 2003, Lithuania was added to the community, with the signing of a Partner
Network agreement with Bitė.
In February 2004, Vodafone signed a Partner Network Agreement with

Luxembourg's LuxGSM, and a Partner Network Agreement with Cyta of Cyprus. Cyta
agreed to rename its mobile phone operations to Cytamobile-Vodafone. In April
2004, the Company purchased Singlepoint airtime provider from John Caudwell
(Caudwell Group), and approx 1.5 million customers onto its base for £405million,
adding sites in Stoke on Trent (England), to existing sites in Newbury (HQ),
Birmingham, Warrington and Banbury. In November 2004, Vodafone introduced 3G
services into Europe.
In June 2005, the Company increased its participation in Romania's Connex to 99%,
and also bought the Czech mobile operator Oskar. On 1 July 2005, Oskar of the
Czech Republic was rebranded as Oskar-Vodafone. Later that year, on 17 October
2005, Vodafone Portugal launched a revised logo, using new text designed by
Dalton Maag, and a 3D version of the Speechmark logo, but still retaining a red
background and white writing (or vice versa). Also, various operating companies
started to drop the use of the SIM card pattern in the company logo. (The
rebranding of Oskar-Vodafone and Connex-Vodafone also does not use the SIM card
pattern.) A custom typeface by Dalton Maag (based on their font family InterFace)
formed part of the new identity.
On 28 October 2005, Connex in Romania was rebranded as Connex-Vodafone, and

on 31 October 2005, the Company reached an agreement to sell Vodafone Sweden
to Telenor for approximately €1 billion. After the sale, Vodafone Sweden became a
Partner Network. In December 2005, Vodafone won an auction to buy Turkey's
second-largest mobile phone company, Telsim, for US$4.5 billion.[24] In December
2005, Vodafone Spain became the second member of the Group to adopt the
revised logo: it was phased in over the following six months in other countries.
In 2006, the Company rebranded its Stoke-on-Trent site as Stoke Premier Centre, a
centre of expertise for the company dealing with Customer Care for its higher value
customers, technical support, sales and credit control. All cancellations and
upgrades started to be dealt with by this call centre. On 5 January 2006, Vodafone
announced the completion of the sale of Vodafone Sweden to Telenor. On February
2006, the Company closed its Birmingham Call Centre. On 1 February 2006, Oskar
Vodafone became Vodafone Czech Republic, adopting the revised logo, and on 22
February 2006, the Company announced that it was extending its footprint to
Bulgaria with the signing of Partner Network Agreement with Mobiltel, which is part
of mobilkom Austria group.
Vodafone HQ in Ireland at Central Park, Leopardstown Rd.
On 12 March 2006, former chief, Sir Christopher Gent, who was appointed the
honorary post Chairman for Life in 2003, quit following rumours of boardroom rifts.
[citation needed] In April 2006, the Company announced that it had signed an
extension to its Partner Network Agreement with BITE Group, enabling its Latvian
subsidiary "BITE Latvija" to become the latest member of Vodafone's global partner
community. Also in April 2006, Vodafone Sweden changed its name to Telenor
Sverige AB, and Connex-Vodafone became Vodafone Romania, also adopting the
new logo. On 30 May 2006, Vodafone announced the then biggest loss in British
corporate history (£14.9 billion), and plans to cut 400 jobs; it reported one-off costs
of £23.5 billion due to the revaluation of its Mannesmann subsidiary. On 24 July
2006, the respected head of Vodafone Europe, Bill Morrow, quit unexpectedly,[25]
and on 25 August 2006, the Company announced the sale of its 25% stake in
Belgium's Proximus for €2 billion. After the deal, Proximus was still part of the
community as a Partner Network. On 5 October 2006, Vodafone announced the first
single brand partnership with Og Vodafone which would operate under the name
Vodafone Iceland, and on 19 December 2006, the Company announced the sale of
its 25% stake in Switzerland's Swisscom for CHF4.25 billion (£1.8 billion)., After the
deal, Swisscom would still be part of the community as a Partner Network. Finally in
December 2006, the Company completed the acquisition of Aspective, an
enterprise applications systems integrator in the UK, signalling Vodafone's intent to
grow a significant presence and revenues in the information and communication
technologies (ICT) marketplace.
Early in January 2007, Telsim in Turkey adopted Vodafone dual branding as Telsim
Vodafone, and on 1 April 2007, Telsim Vodafone Turkey dropped its original brand
and became Vodafone Turkey. In addition, Vodafone Turkey also gives service in
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. On 1 May 2007, Vodafone added Jersey and
Guernsey to the community, as Airtel was signed as Partner Network in both crown
dependencies. In June 2007, the Vodafone live! mobile internet portal in the UK was
relaunched. Front page was now charged for, and previously "bundled" data
allowance was removed from existing contract terms.[26] All users were given
access to the "full" web rather than a 'Walled Garden', and Vodafone became the
first mobile network to focus an entire media campaign on its newly launched
mobile internet portal in the UK.[27] On 1 August 2007, Vodafone Portugal launched
Vodafone Messenger, a service with Windows Live Messenger and Yahoo!
Messenger.
Vodafone Lion of Munich's Löwenparade
At the end of 2007, Vodafone Germany was ranked 6th in Europe by subscriber
numbers, whilst its Italian operation was listed as 10th. Vodafone UK was ranked
13th, whilst Spain was listed in 16th place.[28]
On 17 April 2008, Vodafone extended its footprint to Serbia as Vip mobile was
added to the community as a Partner Network, and on 20 May 2008, the Company
added VIP Operator as a Partner Network, thereby extending the global footprint to
the Republic of Macedonia. In May 2008, Kall of the Faroe Islands rebranded as
Vodafone Faroe Islands.
On 30 October 2008, the company announced a strategic, non-equity partnership
with Mobile TeleSystems (MTS) group of Russia. The agreement adds Russia,
Armenia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan to the group footprint.[29]
On 20 March 2009, it was announced that the group's Luxembourg partner has
been changed to Tango: the agreement with LuxGSM was not renewed in favour of
Tango, the Luxembourg unit of another partner network, Belgacom of Belgium.[30]
On December 2009, Vodafone Spain created a fake entry on Wikipedia to promote a

mobile phone plan called "Feliz Borabó"[31]
[edit] Asia-Pacific
Networks in Asia-Pacific
Majority- Minority-
No Ownership
owned owned
China Afghanist
Australia Armenia
mainland an
Azerbaija
India Fiji Hong Kong
n
New Zealand India Japan Malaysia
Samoa Singapore
Sri Lanka Taiwan
Turkmenist
Thailand
an
Uzbekista
n
In July 1993, BellSouth New Zealand's network went live, and October 1993
Vodafone Australia's network also went live. This was followed in July 1994 by
Vodafone Fiji's network going live.
The Vodafone building on Fanshawe Street, corner Halsey street, looking northeast,
Auckland City, New Zealand.
In November 1998, Vodafone purchased BellSouth New Zealand, which later
became Vodafone New Zealand. In 1999, J-Phone launched the J-sky mobile internet
service in response to DoCoMo's i-Mode service. In December, 2002 J-Phone's 3G
network went live.
On 1 October 2003, J-Phone became 'Vodafone', and J-Phone's mobile internet

service J-Sky became Vodafone Live!. On 3 November 2003, Singapore became a
part of the community as M1 was signed as partner network.
In December 2004, Vodafone Australia agreed to deploy high-speed MPLS backbone

network built by Lucent Worldwide Services using Juniper hardware.[32]
Then in April 2005, SmarTone changed the name of its brand to 'SmarTone-
Vodafone', after both companies signed a Partner Network Agreement. In August
2005, Vodafone launched 3G technology in New Zealand, and in October 2005, it
began launching 3G technology in Australia. On 28 October 2005, the Company
announced the acquisition of a 10 per cent stake in India's Bharti Televentures,
which operates the largest mobile phone network in India under the brand name
AirTel. On 22 December 2005, the Company announced the completion of the
acquisition of the 10% stake in Bharti Televentures of India.
In January 2006, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka were added to the Vodafone
footprint as Vodafone Group signed a partner network agreement with Telekom
Malaysia. On 17 March 2006, Vodafone announced an agreement to sell all its
interest in Vodafone Japan to SoftBank for £8.9 billion, of which £6.8 billion will be
received in cash on closing of deal. Vodafone Japan later changed its name to
SoftBank Mobile. On 9 October 2006, Vodafone New Zealand bought New Zealand's
3rd largest internet service provider, iHug, and on 1 November 2006, Vodafone
Australia signed the Australian Football League (AFL)'s biggest individual club
sponsorship deal with the Brisbane Lions for seasons 2007, 2008 and 2009.
On 6 February 2007, along with the partnership with Digicel Caribbean (see below),
Samoa was added as a Partner Market. Then on 11 February 2007, the Company
agreed to acquire a controlling interest of 67% in Hutchison Essar Limited for
US$11.1 billion. At the same time, it agreed to sell back 5.6% of its AirTel stake
back to the Mittals. Vodafone would retain a 4.4% stake in AirTel. On 21 September
2007, Hutch was rebranded to Vodafone in India.
On 6 February 2007, Vodafone Group signed a three-year partnership agreement

with Digicel Group. The agreement, which includes Digicel's sister operation in
Samoa, will result to the offering of new roaming capabilities. The two groups will
also become preferred roaming partners of each other. Along with Digicel's
markets, the Vodafone brand is now present in 81 countries, regions, and
territories. What is interesting to note, is that as well as being partners, Digicel and
Vodafone are also rival operators in Fiji, where Digicel Fiji recently launched, and
Vodafone owns a minority (49%) stake in Vodafone Fiji.
On 10 February 2008, Vodafone announced the launching of M-Paisa mobile money
transfer service on Roshan's (Afghanistan's largest GSM operator) network:
Afghanistan was added to the Vodafone footprint.
On 5 September 2008, Vodafone purchased Australia's largest bricks and mortar

mobile phone retailer Crazy John's adding 115 retail stores to its local operations.
[33]
On 9 February 2009, Vodafone announced a merger with 3/Hutchison via a joint

venture company VHA Pty Ltd, which would offer products under the Vodafone
brand. dtac in Thailand is signed as a partner network of the Group on 25 March
2009.
On 19 June 2009, Vodafone-Hutchison Australia (VHA) announced the end of its

outsourcing of retail operations. VHA committed to buying back and managing its
entire retail operation, including 208 Vodafone-branded retail outlets Australia-wide.
This project was slated to be completed by 1 September 2009.
On 31 August 2009, Vodafone enabled an extended 900mhz 3G UMTS network

which functions outside their 2100mhz 3G network, boosting Vodafone's 3G
population coverage from around 8% to around 94% on dual-band 900/2100mhz 3G
UMTS devices.
Nar Mobile in Azerbaijan was signed as a Partner Network on 22 July 2009, while
Chunghwa Telecom of Taiwan was signed on 12 November 2009.
[edit] Africa and the Middle East
Networks in the Middle East and Africa

Majority-owned Minority-owned No Ownership
DR Congo1 Egypt Kenya Kuwait
Ghana Lesotho1 Bahrain
Mozambique1 Qatar2 Libya
Tanzania1 South Africa1 UAE
1Majority stakes held through majority-owned Vodacom
Group
2Effective ownership is not majority, but full control exercised
by the group.
Egypt
In November 1998, Vodafone Egypt network went live under the name ClickGSM.
On 8 November 2006, the Company announced a deal with Telecom Egypt,

resulting in further co-operation in the Egyptian market, and increasing its stake in
Vodafone Egypt. After the deal, Vodafone Egypt was 55% owned by the group, while
the remaining 45% was owned by Telecom Egypt.
Kuwait
On 18 September 2002, Vodafone signed a Partner Network Agreement with MTC

group of Kuwait. The agreement involved the rebranding of MTC to MTC-Vodafone.
On 29 December 2003, Vodafone signed another Partner Network Agreement with
Kuwait's MTC group. The second agreement involved co-operation in Bahrain and
the branding of the network as MTC-Vodafone.
South Africa (Vodacom)
On 3 November 2004, the Company announced that its South African affiliate
Vodacom had agreed to introduce Vodafone's international services, such as
Vodafone live! and partner agreements, to its local market.
In November 2005, Vodafone announced that it was in exclusive talks to buy a 15%
stake of VenFin in Vodacom Group, reaching agreement the following day. Vodafone
and Telkom then had a 50% stake each in Vodacom. Vodafone now owns 65% of
Vodacom after purchasing a 15% stake from Telkom.[34]
On 9 October 2008, the company offered to acquire an additional 15 per cent stake
in Vodacom group from Telkom. The finalised details of the agreement were
announced on 6 November 2008. The agreement called for Telkom to sell 15 per
cent of its 50 per cent stake in Vodacom to the group, and demerge the other 35
per cent to its shareholder. Meanwhile, Vodafone has agreed to make Vodacom its
exclusive sub-Saharan Africa investment vehicle, as well as continuing to maintain
the visibility of the Vodacom brand. The transaction is closed in May/June 2009.
On 18 May 2009, Vodacom entered the JSE Limited stock exchange in South Africa
after Vodafone increased its stake by 15% to 65% to take a majority holding,
despite disputes by local trade unions.
Ghana
In December 2007, a Vodafone Group-led consortium was awarded the second

mobile phone licence in Qatar, and on 3 July 2008, Vodafone agreed to acquire a
70% stake in Ghana Telecom for $900 million. The acquisition was consummated on
17 August 2008. The same group-led consortium won the second fixed-line licence
in Qatar on 15 September 2008.
On 15 April 2009, Ghana Telecom, along with its mobile subsidiary onetouch, was
rebranded as Vodafone Ghana.
U.A.E.
On 28 January 2009, the group announced a partner network agreement with Du,
the second-largest operator of the United Arab Emirates. The agreement involved
co-operation on international clients, handset procurement, mobile broadband etc.
Libya
On 24 February 2010, the group signed a partner network agreement with the
second-largest operator in Libya, al Madar.
[edit] The Americas
Networks in the Americas

Minority-
No Ownership
owned
Antigua &
USA1 Anguilla2 Aruba2 Barbados2
Barbuda2
Cayman
Bermuda2 Bonaire2 Canada3
Islands2
French West
Chile4 Curaçao2 Dominica2
Indies2
Grenada2 Guyana2 Haiti2 Honduras2
St. Kitts &
Jamaica2 Panama2 St. Lucia2
Nevis2
St. Vincent & the Trinidad & Turk &
Grenadines2 Tobago2 Caicos2
1 – Verizon Wireless
2 – Digicel (Partner)
3 – America Movil (Partner in some
countries)
4 – Entel PCS (Partner)
For more information, see Verizon Wireless.
In the United States, Vodafone owns 45% of Verizon Wireless, the country's largest
mobile carrier after their merger with Alltel. The percentage of the customer base,
and revenues of Verizon Wireless that Vodafone consolidates is slightly lower, since
some Verizon Wireless subsidiaries have minority investors. (Hence the exact
percentages that Vodafone and Verizon report vary from period to period: in June
2006 Vodafone reported that Verizon Wireless owned 98.6% of its customers at that
date.) Before this joint venture was formed, Vodafone merged with AirTouch
Communications of the U.S. in June 1999, and changed its name to Vodafone
Airtouch plc. In September 1999, Vodafone Airtouch announced a $70-billion joint
venture with Bell Atlantic Corp. Verizon Wireless was composed of Bell Atlantic's
and Vodafone AirTouch's U.S. wireless assets, and began operations on 4 April
2000. However, Verizon Communications - the company formed when Bell Atlantic
and GTE merged on 30 June 2000 - owns a majority of Verizon Wireless, and
Vodafone's branding is not used, nor is the CDMA network compatible with GSM
phones. This relationship has been quite profitable for Vodafone, but there have
historically been three problems with it. The first is the above-mentioned
incompatibility with the GSM 900/1800 MHz standard used by Vodafone's other
networks, and the consequent difficulty of offering roaming between Vodafone's
U.S. and other networks. The other two stem from the fact that Vodafone does not
have management control over Verizon Wireless. Vodafone is thus unable to use
the Vodafone brand for its U.S. operations, and (perhaps more importantly) has no
control of dividend policy at Verizon Wireless, and is therefore entirely at the mercy
of Verizon management with respect to cash flow from Verizon Wireless.
Perhaps as a consequence of these reasons, Vodafone made a bid for the entirety of
AT&T Wireless when that company was for sale in 2004. Had this bid been
successful, Vodafone would presumably have sold its stake in Verizon Wireless, and
then rebranded the resultant business as Vodafone. However, Cingular Wireless, at
the time a joint venture of SBC Communications and BellSouth (both now part of
AT&T), ultimately outbid Vodafone and took control of AT&T Wireless (the combined
wireless carrier is now AT&T Mobility), and Vodafone's relationship with Verizon has
continued.
Early in 2006, Verizon re-iterated their desire to buy out the remaining 45% of stock
of Verizon Wireless from Vodafone Group. Vodafone has also repeatedly indicated
that it would be willing to buy out Verizon's stake.
Verizon has announced that its 4G data network will be LTE, which is considered
part of the GSM path and not the CDMA2000 path Verizon has been using; it has
been suggested[who?] this is to appease Vodafone, which uses GSM on its own
networks.
On 11 May 2008, Vodafone sealed a trade agreement with the Chilean Entel PCS
Chile, in which Entel PCS has access to the equipment and international services of
Vodafone, and Vodafone will be one of the trademarks of Entel for the wireless
business. This step will give the Vodafone brand access to a market of over 15
million people, currently divided among three companies: Telefonica Movistar,
Claro, and Entel PCS.
[edit] Mobile Money Transfer Service
In March 2007, Safaricom, which is part owned by Vodafone and the leading mobile
communication provider in Kenya, launched a mobile payment solution developed
by Vodafone.[35] M-PESA is aimed at mobile customers who do not have a bank
account, typically because they do not have access to a bank or their income is
insufficient to justify a bank account. The M-PESA system allows customers to
deposit and withdraw cash via local agents, and transfer money to other mobile
phone users via SMS.
By February 2008, the M-PESA money transfer system in Kenya had gained 1.6
million customers[36] and Vodafone announced that it was to extend the service to
Afghanistan.[37] The service here was launched on the Roshan network under the
brand M-Paisa with a different focus to the Kenyan service. M-Paisa was targeted as
a vehicle for microfinance institutions' (MFI) loan disbursements and repayments,
alongside business to business applications such as salary disbursement.
The Afghanistan launch was followed in April 2008 by the announcement of further
a further launch of M-PESA in Tanzania. As an operator of money transmission
services, Vodafone became subject to anti-money laundering regulation and in July
2008, it was revealed that it had deployed a sanctions and PEP (Politically Exposed
Persons) screening solution from Datanomic for weekly screening of 2.5 million
customers in Tanzania.[38] The screening service was to be rolled out to
Afghanistan, Kenya, India and Datanomic disclosed that the solution might be used
to screen all of Vodafone's 300 million customers globally.
[edit] Chief Executives
Name Between
Sir Gerald October 1988 –
Whent December 1996
Sir Christopher
January 1997 – July 2003
Gent
Arun Sarin July 2003 – July 2008
Vittorio Colao July 2008 – present
In a period just short of twenty years from its initial public offering, the Company
had had just three Chief Executives. The fourth CEO, Vittorio Colao, stepped up from
Deputy Chief Executive in July 2008. Each of his predecessors made a personal
contribution to the development of the Company.
Sir Gerald Whent, at that time an Executive with Racal Electronics plc, was
responsible for the bid for a UK Cellular Network licence. The Mobile Telecoms
division was de-merged, and was floated on the London Stock Exchange in October
1988 and Sir Gerald became Chief Executive of Racal Telecom plc. Over the next
few years the company grew to become the UK's Market Leader, changing its name
to Vodafone Group plc in the process.
Sir Christopher Gent took over as Chief Executive in January 1997, after Sir Gerald's
retirement. Sir Christopher was responsible for transforming Vodafone from a small
UK operator into the global behemoth that it is today, through the merger with the
American AirTouch and the takeover of Germany's Mannesmann.
Arun Sarin was the driving force behind the Company's move into emerging
markets such as Asia and Africa, through the purchases such as that of Turkish
operator Telsim, and a majority stake in Hutchison Essar in India. Faced with
increased competition, and penetration rates above 100% in the more mature
European markets, he saw it necessary to diversify from being a mobile-only
business into a company which provided all telecommunications services. This has
seen Vodafone launch DSL and other fixed-line services in markets such as
Germany and the UK.
[edit] Financial results
Vodafone reportes its results in accordance with International Financial Reporting

Standards (IFRS).
Vodafone has some large minority stakes, which are not included in its consolidated
turnover. In order to provide additional information on the overall scale and growth
trends of its business, it publishes "proportionate turnover" figures, and these are
included in the tables below. For example, if a business in which it owns a 45%
stake has turnover of £10 billion, that equals £4.5 billion of proportionate turnover
for Vodafone. Proportionate turnover is not an official accounting measure, and
Vodafone's proportionate turnover should be compared with other companies'
statutory turnover.
Vodafone also produces proportionate customer number figures on a similar basis,

e.g. if an operator in which it has a 30% stake has 10 million customers that equals
3 million proportionate Vodafone customers. This is a common practice in the
mobile telecommunications industry.
Year ended Turnover Profit before Profit for the Basic eps Proportionate
31 March £m tax £m year £m (pence) customers (m)
2009 41,017 4,189 3,080 5.81 302.6
2008 35,478 9,001 6,756 12.56 260
2007 31,104 (2,383) (5,297) (8.94) 206.4
2006* 29,350 (14,835) (21,821) (35.01) 170.6
2005 34,073 7,951 6,518 9.68 154.8
2004 36,492 9,013 6,112 8.70 133.4
*Losses for year to 31 March 2006 reflect write downs of assets, principally in
relation to the Mannesmann acquisition. Proportionate turnover includes £7,100
million from discontinued operations.
The group's recent first quarter trading update (24 July 2009) saw management
reiterating its profit guidance for the full year. Whilst revenues across Europe had
been relatively weak, mirroring general economic conditions, there had been a
positive showing from South Africa, with the company's Indian purchase of
Hutchison Essar continuing to generate returns. Meanwhile, its joint venture with
Verizon in the US had strengthened further, with Vodafone's overall customer base
now standing at 315 million - 8 million having been added during the first quarter.
In addition, management noted that its cost reduction programme, targeted to save
£1bn in operating costs by the end of the 2011 financial year, would reach 65pc of
its target by the end of the current financial year.[39] The Group admitted in August
2010 that £1.25 billion in tax that should have been paid in Britain was actually paid
in Luxembourg and elsewhere.[40]
[edit] Criticisms
In September 2010, an investigation by Private Eye magazine revealed certain

details of Vodafone's tax avoidance activities. It was reported that Vodafone routed
the acquisition of Mannesmann through a Luxembourg subsiduary, set up to avoid
paying tax on the deal, and continued to place its profits in Luxembourg. Following
a long legal struggle with HMRC (during which a senior HMRC official, John Connors,
switched sides to become head of tax at Vodafone), it was eventually agreed that
Vodafone would pay £1.25bn related to the acquisition. Based on Vodafone's
accounts, experts have estimated the potential tax bill written off as a result of the
negotiations was over £6bn.[41]
The news of this legal tax avoidance sparked angry protests in October and
November 2010 outside Vodafone shops across the UK, which caused the closure of
over a dozen stores, including the flagship Oxford St. branch.[41]
[edit] Products
Motorola "T2288" (Talkabout) mobile phone, branded "Vodafone"
Products promoted by the Group include Vodafone live!, Vodafone Mobile Connect
USB Modem, Vodafone Connect to Friends, Vodafone Passport, Vodafone Freedom
Packs, Vodafone at Home, Vodafone 710 and Amobee Media Systems. Between June
and August 2009, Vodafone suspended roaming charges within 35 different
countries, allowing their customers to take their standard UK price plan abroad.
In October 2009, it launched Vodafone 360 [1], a new internet service for the
mobile, PC and Mac. On February 15, 2010 Vodafone launched world's cheapest
mobile phone known as Vodafone 150, will sell for below $15 (£10) and is aimed at
the developing world. It will initially be launched in India, Turkey and eight African
countries including Lesotho, Kenya and Ghana.[42]
[edit] Corporate sponsorship
This section is written like an advertisement. Please help rewrite this section
from a neutral point of view. (November 2010)
Vodafone sponsors the following teams and events:
Spring Fest, Annual Socio-Cultural Festival of IIT Kharagpur, as a Title Sponsor 2008
Techniche 09, Annual Techno-Management Festival of IIT Guwahati, INDIA as the

Title Sponsor
Kshitij, Annual Techno-management festival of IIT Kharagpur, Strategic Partner 2008
Albania national football team, 2008 sponsor
Australian cricket team, official sponsor of the Australian test team and home test
series from the 2010-11 Ashes, taking over from 3 mobile following the two
parenting companies merger.
Indian Premier League (Cricket), Associate sponsor
A parade during 2005 showing Vodafone as team sponsor of England Cricket Team.
Bucharest Ring – Vodafone Bucharest Challenge 07, primary sponsor
Clare Gaelic Athletic Association

Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (DTM - German Touring Car Masters) series (2002–
2007) (formerly D2).
Vodafone Oaks and Vodafone Derby horse races
Gaelic Athletic Association - Vodafone is one of the main sponsors of Ireland's GAA
All-Ireland Senior Football Championship for the 2009 Summer.
Dublin GAA - Gaelic Football team, beginning in 2010 until 2016.
Vodafone McLaren Mercedes Formula One team, title sponsor (since 2007)
New Zealand Warriors – An NRL Rugby League team
UEFA Champions League from the 2006/7 season
A Vodafone-sponsored McLaren-Mercedes driven by Lewis Hamilton.
Romania National Football Team, major sponsor from 2006
Vodafone Arena (Rosenholm) multisport arena in Karlskrona, Sweden (since 2005)
Wellington Lions – New Zealand rugby union team
West Coast Eagles, Australian rules football team, elite sponsor since March 2006
Triple Eight Race Engineering, V8 Supercars team, primary sponsor (since 2007)
Olympiakos, Greek football team
Newbury R.F.C., Newbury Rugby Club
Newbury Comedy Festival
Newbury Buses
Home-Start International worldwide family support charity

Al Ahly, Egyptian Club football team
UCD Ents, the Entertainments Division of UCD Students' Union – primary sponsor
(since 2007)
Penske Racing - Primary sponsorship of the #12 NASCAR Nationwide Series, Grand-
Am Rolex Sports Car Series, and Indy Racing League IndyCar Series cars entries. A
Associate sponsorship of the #3 and #6 Dallara-Honda IndyCar Series. All are
through the Cellco Partners venture with Verizon. This sponsorship was moved from
the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series because their purchase of Alltel broke NASCAR's
grandfather clause prohibiting wireless telephone companies from advertising in the
NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, and was split among all other racing efforts.
Previous sponsorships by Vodafone include those of S.L. Benfica, Manchester

United, Ferrari and the Benetton (now known as Renault F1) Formula One
constructors, the England cricket team, AFL sides Port Adelaide, the Brisbane Lions,
North Melbourne and St Kilda, the Egypt national football team under the name of
ClickGSM, and the Australia national rugby union team.
[edit] See also
Companies
portal
Vodafone market share
Symbian
[edit] References
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http://www.vodafone.com/static/annual_report09/downloads/VF_Annual_Report_200
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^ Krause, Reinhardt (1999-06-08). "Vodafone's Quest Begins With AirTouch

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04-06.
^ a b "Vodafone seals Mannesmann merger". BBC News Online (BBC). 2000-02-03.

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^ Vodafone buys Turkish mobile firm BBC News, December 2005
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Retrieved on 2007-11-9
^ Money Saving Expert
^ "Vodafone Live launches cheaper mobile Internet portal in the UK" (Accessed 07-
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^ European Mobile Market - Europe's Top 50 Mobile Network Operators by

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Partnership/story.aspx?guid=%7B38C4BA0D-42EB-4EC7-A598-B56950E8A59E%7D.
^ Vodafone signs partner market agreement with Tango
^ El Borabó de Vodafone o cómo no hacer marketing
^ Vodafone Australia 3G Core Data Network, 3g.co.uk, 2nd December 2004.

Retrieved 08/07/2008.
^ Vodafone buys Crazy John's
^ Vodacom focuses on data as profit drops after debut Reuters, 19 May 2009
^ Safaricom and Vodafone launch M-PESA, a new mobile payment service
^ M-PESA Reaches 1.6 Million Customers in 12 Months
^ Vodafone and Roshan Launch First Mobile Money Transfer Service in Afghanistan
^ Vodafone rolls out Datanomic screening software for money transfer service
^ "Vodafone (LON:VOD) report - Reiterating full year profit guidance".
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^ http://www.sbpost.ie/news/ireland/vodafone-wants-millions-of-euro-in-tax-refund-
50979.html
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^ "Vodafone launch 'world's cheapest phone'" (stm). BBC.

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v•d•e
Vodafone Group
Corporate directors Sir John Bond (Chairman) · Vittorio Colao

(CEO) · John Buchanan · Andy Halford ·
Michel Combes · Alan Jebson · Samuel
Jonah · Nick Land · Anne Lauvergeon ·
Simon Murray · Steve Pusey · Luc
Vandevelde · Tony Watson · Philip Yea
Albania · Australia · Czech Republic ·

Egypt · Germany · Ghana · Greece ·
Hungary · India · Ireland · Italy · Malta ·
Netherlands · New Zealand · Northern
Subsidiaries
Cyprus · Portugal · Qatar · Romania ·
Spain · South Africa (Includes DR Congo ·
Lesotho · Mozambique · Tanzania) ·
Turkey · United Kingdom
Joint ventures, affiliates, and China (Mainland) · Fiji · France · Kenya ·

investments India · Poland · United States
Afghanistan · Armenia · Austria ·

Azerbaijan · Bahrain · Belgium · Bermuda ·
Bulgaria · Caribbean · Chile · China (Hong
Kong) · Croatia · Cyprus · Denmark ·
Estonia · Faroe Islands · Finland ·
Guernsey · Honduras · Iceland · Japan ·
Partners Jersey · Latvia · Lithuania · Luxembourg ·
Macedonia · Malaysia · Norway · Panama ·
Russia · Samoa · Serbia · Singapore ·
Slovenia · Sri Lanka · Sweden ·
Switzerland · Taiwan · Thailand ·
Turkmenistan · Ukraine · United Arab
Emirates · Uzbekistan
Fixed, Broadband Networks and Arcor · Neuf Cegetel · ihug · Vodafone at

Trademarks Home/Vodafone Casa
Vodafone live! · Vodafone Mobile Connect

USB Modem · Vodafone 716 · M-Pesa ·
Products and services
Wayfinder · Betavine · Vodafone Directo
(Portugal only) ·
Sponsorship McLaren · UEFA · Team Vodafone
Miscellaneous Vodafone market share · Cheeka ·

AirTouch · Mannesmann
Annual Revenue: £41.02 billion GBP (2009) · Employees: 79,000 (2009) ·

Stock Symbols: LSE: VOD, NASDAQ: VOD · Website: Vodafone.com
Further information: Vodafone market share
[show]
v•d•e
Telecommunications in the United Kingdom
Broadband Stakeholder Group · Dstl · European

Government and
Conference of Postal and Telecommunications
regulatory
Administrations · International Telecommunication
bodies
Union · Ofcom · PhonepayPlus
GSM Association · Internet Service Providers

Industry bodies Association · LONAP · London Internet Exchange · UK
Competitive Telecommunications Association
Infrastructure Arqiva · BT Wholesale · Earth stations in the United

providers Kingdom · Interxion · Openreach · TelecityGroup ·
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Indian Premier League

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Indian Premier League

Logo of the Indian Premier League

Deccan Chargers and

Chennai Super Kings (1

[edit] First season

Main article: 2008 Indian Premier League

A Chennai vs Kolkata match in progress at the M.A. Chidambaram Cricket Stadium

[edit] Second season

Main article: 2009 Indian Premier League

[edit] Third season

Main article: 2010 Indian Premier League

[edit] Fourth season

Main article: 2011 Indian Premier League

[edit] League organization

Some of the Team composition rules are:

Minimum squad strength of 16 players plus one physio and a coach.

As this is domestic cricket so minimum of 8 local players must be included in each

A minimum of 2 players from the BCCI under-22 pool in each squad.

Some of the differences to international Twenty20 cricket:

A difference to international cricket is a timeout. It gives the players an opportunity

[edit] Statistics and records

Main article: List of statistics and records of Indian Premier League

[edit] Television rights and sponsorships

[edit] Television rights

On 15 January 2008 it was announced that a consortium consisting of India's Sony

Sony-WSG then re-sold parts of the broadcasting rights geographically to other

Winning Bidder Regional Broadcast Rights Terms of Deal

Qatar, Palestine, Saudi Arabia,

Syria, Turkey, Algeria, Morocco,

Tunisia, Egypt, Sudan, Libya,

DirecTV United States: Exclusive broadcast rights on Terms not

[edit] Revenue and Profits

According to a recent study by a UK-based brand valuation consultancy, the brand

4 Royal Challengers $ 41.9 m

[edit] Official website

This section needs additional citations for verification.

[edit] Global following

This section needs additional citations for verification.

[edit] See also

List of controversies involving the Indian Premier League

^ "Most runs ever". Iplt20.com. http://www.iplt20.com/leader-board.php.

^ "Indian Premier League / Records / Most wickets". Cricinfo.

^ Income Tax team visits IPL headquarter in Mumbai. in.com

^ I-T Raids at IPL Headquarter at BCCI in Mumbai, reports NDTV

^ "IPL matches to be broadcast live on Youtube". Cricinfo. January 20, 2010.

^ "Indian Premier League". Edinburgh Middle East Report (EMER).

^ IPL to have 74 matches for next three seasons, Times of India

^ Pune and Kochi unveiled as new IPL franchises

^ IPL rules when trading players. Cricinfo.com

^ "IPL players' auction to be held on 20 February". Cricinfo. http://content-

^ "Billion dollar rights deal for IPL". The Australian. 2008-01-15.

^ "ITV to screen IPL in 2010". ITV. 2010-03-04.

^ "Cricinfo - Australia to get live coverage of IPL". 2008-02-02. http://content-

^ IPL: Willow TV gets TV rights for the Americas: Cricket Next

^ Asian Television Network International Limited (2008-04-15). "THEY GAVE YOU

^ "Five-year sponsorship agreements". The Globe and Mail. 23-03-10.

^ Brand IPL touches the sky. Iplt20.com

^ IPL teams become hot commodity LiveMint article

^ Lalit Modi ambition could create problems for IPL franchises

^ IPL targets 80 licensing and merchandising deals this year